Objective To investigate the relationship between estrogen gene polymorphism and the incidence of melasma. Methods A total of 56 patients with chloasma blepharoplasty surgery (case group) and 39 healthy women with eyelid blepharoplasty (control group) were included in this study. The expression of estrogen receptor (ER) was detected by immunohistochemistry. The ERαgene PvuⅡand XbaⅠrestriction site polymorphisms and RsaⅠand AluⅠrestriction site
polymorphism of ERβ gene were detected by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis in two groups. The relationship between the incidence of ER and the score of melasma was analysed. Results Results of immunohistochemistry showed that there were positive expressions of ERα and ERβ in dermal fibroblasts and endothelial cells of case group, while there was weak expressions of ERα and ERβ in control group. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between ERα, ERβ and melasma score (rs=0.462 and 0.512, P<0.05). There was a significant difference in distribution of ERαgene XbaⅠgenotype between two groups (P<0.05). With xx genotype reference, the value of OR exposed to X allele (Xx+XX) was 2.23 (95%CI:1.41-3.89, P<0.05). There was a significant difference in ERβ gene AluⅠ genotypes between two groups (P<0.05 ). With aa genotype reference, the value of OR exposed to the A allele (AA+Aa) was 1.58 (95% CI: 1.21-4.29, P<0.05). There was a significant difference in RsaⅠgenotype distribution between two groups (P<0.05). With reference rr genotype, the value of OR exposed to R allele (RR+Rr) was 2.37 (95%CI:1.19-6.33, P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of melasma is related with XbaⅠERαgenotype, ERβ gene AluⅠ, RsaⅠ genotype polymorphisms. The gene mutations increase the risk of incidence of melasma. Persons with Xx, Aa and RR genotypes are susceptible to melasma.

on the basis of analyzing the teaching methods available.the article explores the reverse thinking teaching method of Pharmacdogy and the characteristics of the course and the students,in order to stimulate students'interest and initiative in study as well as culture their clinical thinking ability.

CXCL12,also known as stromal cell-derived factor 1,is a member of the CXC family,which locates on the 10th chromosome and produces by the stromal cells.It is known that CXCR4 and CXCR7 are the two receptors of chemokine CXCL12.Many studies show that the chemokine CXCL12 plays an important role in cancer progression,including proliferation,metastasis and angiogenesis.Therefore,the chemokine CXCL12 is expected to become a novel target for the gene therapy of cancer.

Velocity vector imaging (VVI) is a promising and relatively new noninvasive method of assessing wall movement and flexible features of vessels,being able to qualitatively, quantitatively, accurately and intuitively assess mechanical characteristics of vascular wall movement. VVI can reflect changes of characteristics of flexibility and movement of carotid artery in early atherosclerosis and plaque rotation angle. It provides a new way for the study of unstable plaque. The research and current status of clinical application of VVI were reviewed in this article.

BACKGROUND:Humeral fractures can be treated by using rotary self-locking intramedulary nail. The previous spin in self-locking intramedulary nail has some limitations in application, so it should be improved in its design so as to obtain better biomechanical effect.
OBJECTIVE:To improve the design of the rotary self-locking intramedulary nail of the humerus, and to analyze its biomechanical characteristics and application effect, and to provide reference for the clinical treatment of humeral fractures.
METHODS: (1) The design of the rotary self-locking intramedulary nail was improved and tested by mechanics test. (2) A total of 63 cases of humeral fractures were randomly divided into two groups: control group (31 cases) and experimental group (32 cases). Patients in the control group received conventional rotary self-locking intramedulary nail, and patients in the experimental group received improved nail.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Results of mechanical test concerning anti-axial compression, tensile, torsion and bending were obviously better after improvement than before improvement. No significant difference in range of motion was detected between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with that before treatment, the range of motion was significantly increased after treatment in both groups (P < 0.01 orP < 0.05). The range of motion was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, the excelent and good rate was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Thesedata suggest that the improved rotary self-locking intramedulary nail has better mechanical characteristics and can obtain better clinical effect.

Objective To explore the safety and feasibility of VOLUVEN and HES used for acute hyperv-olemic hemodilution on selective Hepatectomy .Methods 42 patients ( ASAⅠ ~Ⅱ) were randomized to the two groups(Ⅰ,VOLUVEN group;Ⅱ,HES group),20 minutes before the operation,the two groups of patients underwent AHH with VOLUVEN and HES respectively at the same quantity and speed ,and then the changes of haemodynamics , blood gas analysis ,electrolyte and coagulation indexes were detected .Results InⅠgroup,the changes of HB、HCT, PLT,central venous pressure had statistical significance before and after AHH (t=7.880,32.257,7.303,22.812,all P=0.000).InⅡgroup,the changes of HB,HCT,PLT,central venous pressure had statistical significance before and after AHH(t=5.398,14.924,11.171,5.620,all P=0.000).For inter-group,VOLUVEN has less effect than HES on central venous pressure(t=2.367,P=0.023).Conclusion Using VOLUVEN or HES can keep hemodynamics stable and improve the ischemic tolerance for AHH in liver surgery .VOLUVEN has less effect on central venous pressure.

BACKGROUND: There is a close correlation between telomere length and cell senescence, immortalization or canceration. OBJECTIVE: To explore the significance of telomere length diversifies in the chronic compartment syndrome in lumbosacral region. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A comparative observation was performed at the State-Level Key Medical Genomics Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from July 2007 to February 2008. PARTICIPANTS: The vertical spinal muscular tissue samples were taken from people aged 29-49 years old [mean aged (34.7?12.6) years] including 10 normal people and 15 patients with chronic compartment syndrome. According to the age, the normal were divided into the aged 30-37, and aged 38-45 groups. The abnormal were divided into aged 29-34, aged 35-43 and aged 44-49 groups, with 5 samples in each group. METHODS: DNA was extracted from samples of each group. Telomere length in vertical organizations spinal muscular skeletal muscle was measured by Southen Blotting hybrid technology. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Telomerase length of erector spinal muscles in patients and normal people. RESULTS: The mean telomere length in patients with chronic compartment syndrome was obvious shorter than that of the normal people, which has significant difference (P

OBJECTIVE:To test and verify the function of Composite Radix Sophora Flavescentis injection in immunologic enhancement.METHODS:A total of 121 patients with lung cancer were randomly assigned to 2 groups:the treatment group(n=61)received common chemotherapy for 6wk plan in combination with Composite Radix Sophora Flavescentis injection(20mL,iv gtt)qd for the first 10 to 14 days,while the control group(n=60)received common chemotherapy alone for 6wk.The indexes of immunity in both groups were detected before and after treatment.RESULTS:The index of immunity in the treatment group increased significantly as compared with before treatment(P

Catheterization ; Endoscopy ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; complications ; drug therapy ; surgery ; therapy ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; drug therapy ; etiology ; surgery ; therapy ; Humans ; Octreotide ; therapeutic use ; Somatostatin ; therapeutic use ; Vasopressins ; therapeutic use

As a new type of environmental pollutants, microplastics are widely distributed in the global ecosystem, and ingestion of microplastics may produce a number of toxic effects. Based on currently available publications, this paper describes the main pathways of exposure to microplastics, and summarizes the toxic mechanisms of microplastics in mammals, including oxidative stress, inflammatory response, immune damage, imbalance of gut microbiota, energy metabolism disorder and DNA damage, so as to provide insights into elucidation of the toxic mechanism mechanisms and health risk assessment of microplastics.