BACKGROUND: At present, there are some researches on the cognitive identification of Chinese characters at home or abroad, however, most of them are based on the normal and healthy people.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the processing styles of optical information on phonemic code, graphic code and semantic code of Chinese haracters between hearing-disabled and normal people.DESIGN: Retrospective, observational and compared analysis based on the hearing-disabled as research subjects and the normal as the controlled group.SETTING: Department of education in a university.PARTICIPANTS: This study was completed in Xi' an between October 2001 and April 2002. With the mean age of 17 years and half in gender, 20hearing-disabled people, who were in grade 6 to grade 8, were selected from the Second School for the Deaf and Dumb in Xi' an. Inclusion criteria: The hearing loss of people was more than or equal to 92 dB. Exclusion criteria:People with acquired hearing-disabled were excluded. At the beginning of study in primary school, they were accepted oral training and taught Chinese pinyi, but gesture was the main communicated style in their daily life. With the mean age of 15 years and half in gender, 28 normal people, who were in grade 3, were selected from the No. 99 Middle School in Xi'an.METHODS: This study showed with serial opticum. The diagnostic method was compared with the cognitive identification of the three kinds of Chinese characters between the hearing-disabled and the normal respectively.phonemic code, graphic code and semantic code between hearing-disabled characters between hearing-disabled and normal people.RESULTS: The results showed that the function of graphic code in visual processing was strongly correlated with recognition of words of Chinese characters than the phoneme code and semantic code in both the hearing-disabled and hearing children. For hearing-disabled children, the alternative was the direct access that a semantic code was produced directly from a translation of the graphic code, however, the hearing children used the strategies of grapheme-phoneme conversion rules to interpret the meaning of words.CONCLUSION: The analysis of various results showe that no significant differences of mental processing are found between the hearing-disabled and hearing children. Perhaps both the direct access and the grapheme-phoneme conversion will be a comprehensive information processing activated each other.

ObjectiveTo develop the group intelligence scale for Military Personnel ( Part B),and examining its reliability and validity of the scale.MethodsFollowing the intellectual shock theory,crystal and fluid intelligence theory,the group intelligence Scale for Military Personnel (Part B) had been constructed,which including two subscales,each subscale was divided into two subtests.The data was collected in 1200 military personnel who were chosen by random cluster sampling,then employing SPSS17.0 and AMOS7.0 for item analysis,reliability and validity,analysis of confirmatory factor.Resultsthe subtests' average index of difficulty was 0.55 ( 0.42 ～0.75 ) ; Discrimination index was 0.44 (0.33 ～ 0.52) ; the test-retest reliability between subtests and total scale ranged from 0.796 to 0.891 ; Cronbachs'a coefficient ranged from 0.619 to 0.892; and the split-half reliability ranged from 0.538 to 0.844; exploratory factor analysis revealed that four factors of the scale (including normal knowledge and generalizability,insight and word explain,picture completion and figure inference) could explain 59.067％ of total variance.Furthermore,analysis of confirmatory factor indicated that the four factors model established in the present study fitted the sample data well.ConclusionThe item analysis,reliability and validity of the newly developed group intelligence scale for military personnel (part B) can meet the basic requirements of psychometrics.

Objective To estabilish a RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of benzoic acid and salicylic acid in Compound Benzoic acid tincture.Methods ODSC18 chromatographic column made from Dalian Yilite(4.6mm × 150mm,5μm);mobile phase:methanol: water=60|: 40(pH adjust to 3.2);column temperature:30℃;detection wavelength:242nm;fiow rate:0.9ml/min.Results Ranges of linear of benzoic aci and salicylic acid were 30～120mg/L(R2=0.9995)and 15～60mg/L(R2=0.9988).The average recovery rate was 99.2％(RSD=0.95％)and 99.1％(RSD=1.36％).The RSDs of intra-day were 1.57％ and 1.57％(n=5).The BSDs of interday were 1.43％ and 1.59％(n=5).With t test,difference between Acid-base titration and RP-HPLC was not significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion The metold is simple,accurate and sensitive and can be used for the quality control of Compound Benzoic acid tincture.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are derived from differentiated somatic cells through reprogramming in vitro.Similarly to embryonic stem cells (ESCs),iPSCs have the ability of unlimited selfrenewal and multiple differentiation potential.But they are without the constraints of immunology and ethics and acquire conveniently.Patient-specific iPSCs provide an invaluable resource for disease modeling,drug discovery,regenerative therapy,immune therapy and cellular delivery vehicle in cancer therapy.Nowadays,the application of iPSCs technology has made some progress in the treatment of tumors.

Objective: To cool down the implementation of field training injury cold and heat function of electric control part. Methods:To design of peripheral control circuit, the use of STM32 microcontroller software compiled program, temperature control function of the whole device. Results: Though the program running, it realized the function of temperature control device. Conclusion:STM32 MCU has powerful functions, low price, simple use, convenient development advantages, suitable for use in other medical equipment electrical control part.

Objective The purpose of the study was to clarify the reasons that may explain the families' non-disclosure of the truthful information to cancer patients in our medical background.Methods The study included 82 family members of cancer patients who was not told truthful diagnosis by convenience sampling.Data were analyzed by Bernard Berelson's content analysis.Results 13 categories and 7 themes were formulated,including avoiding,concerns,judgment,buffer,cognition,impact and endurance.The agreement rates were 75.2％ and 78.7％.Conclusions The families' non-disclosure of truthful information to cancer patients was a kind of avoiding behavior,the judgment of families impacted their attitude towards telling or not.

Primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) is a heterogeneous group of congenital disorders of the immune system.The impaired immune response is caused by defect of immune active cells and moleculars,which results in increased susceptibility to pathogens.Recurrent infection is the predominant presenting complaint for patients with PID.Early diagnosis,immunoglobulin replacement therapy,antimicrobial treatment,haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and gene therapy,genetic conselling and prenatal diagnosis will help to prevent and control infections in patients with PID.In addition,we should strengthen the education of paediatricians,improve awareness about PID and collaboration across different centers to advance the diagnosis and management of PID in China and save the life of patients at the maximum limit.

Objective To investigate the possible role of interleukin (IL)-10 secreted by peripheral CD+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells in the formation of seroresistance state in patients with syphilis.Methods Venous blood samples were obtained from 28 serofast patients with syphilis and 28 healthy controls.Flow cytometry (FCM) was performed to determine the proportion of CD4+CD25+IL-10+ T cells in peripheral CD4+ cells,and to quantify the protein expression of IL-10 in CD4+CD25+ Treg cells.Magnetic activation cell sorting (MACS) system was used to separate CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in high purity followed by the detection of IL-10 mRNA expression with real time PCR.Results A significant increase was observed in the proportion of CD4+CD25+IL-10+ T cells in peripheral CD4+ cells,as well as protein and mRNA expression levels of IL-10 in the serofast patients with syphilis compared with the healthy controls (all P ＜ 0.01).However,no statistical correlation was observed between rapid plasma reagent (RPR) titer and any of the above three parameters in these patients (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The high level of IL-10 secreted by CD4+CD25 + Treg cells may contribute to the formation of seroresistance state in patients with syphilis.

ObjectiveTo understand the effect of student standardized patient-case teaching in orthopedic surgery.Methods A total of 120 clinical medicine students were selected,and they were randomly assigned to be research group ( n=60 ) and control group ( n=60 ),as students standardized patient,10 clinical medicine students and postgraduate students of orthopedic surgery were selected,and standardized patient-case teaching was applied to the students in research group while traditional case teaching was applied to students in control group.After teaching,the teaching effect and survey the feedback information about teaching form students were evaluated.ResultsTotal mark of effect evaluation of 2 groups is 83.50 + 6.55 and 71.11 ± 6.57,and both operational score and knowledge study achievements of research group were better than control group (P＜0.01),over 80％ research group students effect evaluation being positive.ConclusionStudent standardized patient-case teaching is helpful to improving students' study in orthopedic surgery and the teaching effect is remarkable.

Objective To explore the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pediatric bridging bronchus deformity and brid-ging bronchus with pulmonary artery sling. Methods The clinical data of the 21 cases of diagnosed bronchial bridge deformity and bronchial bridge with pulmonary artery sling, the imaging findings of all the echocardiography, MSCT chest scan, enhanced CT and reconstructive image were retrospectively analyzed. Results In 21 cases, 10 were diagnosed as bronchial bridge only, among which three cases had other types of congenital heart disease;11 cases were diagnosed of pulmonary artery sling with pulmonary artery sling, among which 8 cases had other types of congenital heart disease;their average age of the 8 cases were all younger than 2 years old, except one case;most of them had the symptoms of recurrent respiratory tract infections and parox-ysmal dyspnea. According to Wells, bronchial bridge was divided into type I and typeⅡ;15 cases were type I, 6 cases were typeⅡ, 10 patients with bronchial bridge only were all type I, 5 cases of typeⅡwere associated with pulmonary artery sling. All of the 6 cases were diagnosed as typeⅡassociated with pulmonary artery sling. Conclusions Infants and young children with clini-cal recurrent respiratory tract infections should be considered the possibility of bronchus bridge deformity, and should be paid more attention to the possibility of pulmonary artery sling. MSCT plain chest scan, enhanced CT and airway reconstructive im-age are the important ways to diagnose the disease.