Studies on the effective methods and mechanism for the treatment of patients with functional ejaculatory incompetence were pursued on the basis of clinical practice. 90 patients with functional ejaculatory incompetence were treated by giving the electromagnetic stimulation to their pudendal nerve and the vibrational massage to their penis. Then the excitation conductive time and velocity of their pudendal nerve were simultaneously determined by the electro-neurophysiology technique. Of the 90 patients with functional ejaculatory incompetence, 69(76.7%) obtained cured effects, 19(21.1%) notable effects and 2(2.2%) improved effects. The total effective rate was 100%. The excitation conductive time and velocity of their pudendal nerve were both significantly different from those before treatment (P < 0.05). These suggest that it is practical to reach the ejaculatory threshold, trigger the ejaculatory reflex and complete the process of ejaculation because the nerve with improved excitational conductibility may release more acetylcholine from is endings after the electromagnetic stimulation to nerve and the vibrational massage to penis.
Adult ; Ejaculation ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Massage ; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Vibration

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism and effect of Qingfei Paidu decoction on transient receptor potential vanilloid-1/Transient receptor potential ankyrin1 （TRPV1/TRPA1） based on heat-sensitive channel and inflammatory response. MethodAccording to body weight， 80 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the normal group， model group， dexamethasone group （5 mg·kg^-1）， and low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Qingfei Paidu decoction （14.865， 29.73， 59.46 g·kg^-1）， with 12 mice in each group. In addition to the normal group， the other groups were administered 20 μL （1×10^-3 g·kg^-1） to each mouse by airway infusion to establish the acute lung injury （ALI） model. In the administration group， the drug was given 1 h after modeling and again after an interval of 24 h. The lung tissue was taken 36 h after modeling. Double lung wet/dry weight ratio（W/D）， hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and Western blot were used to observe and detect the pathological changes of lung tissue， expression levels of inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and expressions of TRPV1 and TRPA1 proteins in heat-sensitive channel， nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB）， inhibitor of NF-κB （IκBα） in inflammatory pathway， and phosphorylated proteins. The phosphorylated protein/total protein ratio was calculated. ResultCompared with that in the normal group， the lung tissue of mice in the model group was seriously damaged， and pulmonary capillary permeability increased. Alveolar capillary congestion and dilation destroyed the complete structure of the alveolar， and the alveolar wall thickened. A large number of inflammatory cells and red blood cells were infiltrated， and pulmonary edema was significantly aggravated. The expressions of TNF-α， IL-6， TRPV1， TRPA1， phosphorylated NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65， and phosphorylated IκBα/IκBα were significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the whole lung W/D was significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the dexamethasone group and low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Qingfei Paidu decoction could significantly improve pulmonary edema. TNF-α， IL-6， TRPV1， TRPA1， lung tissue NF-κB p65， and IκBα phosphorylated protein/total protein ratio decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The whole lung W/D also decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionQingfei Paidu decoction has anti-inflammatory and protective effects on LPS-ALI mice， which can effectively reduce inflammation， induce diuresis， and alleviate edema. Its mechanism may be related to the regulation of the expression of TRPA1 and TRPV1 and the inhibition of the activation of the NF-κB pathway.

Objective:To construct a home-based cardiac rehabilitation intervention system for patients after percutaneous coronary intervention, and to provide reference for improving the self-management ability and family support of home-based cardiac rehabilitation of patients after PCI.Methods:Based on the literature study and group discussions, a draft of home-based cardiac rehabilitation intervention system for patients after PCI based on empowerment theory was constructed. From January to April 2021, the Delphi method was used to conduct 2 rounds of expert consultations among 18 experts from 9 hospitals, and the items were modified according to the experts′ advice.Results:The expert positive coefficients of the 2 rounds were 94.44% and 100.00%, the expert authority coefficients was 0.91, and the Kendall coefficients were 0.188 and 0.255. Finally, a home-based cardiac rehabilitation intervention system for patients after PCI was formed, including 5 first-level items, 19 second-level items and 21 third-level items.Conclusion:The home-based cardiac rehabilitation intervention system for patients after PCI is reliable, scientificity and practical, and has guiding significance for promoting the development of home-based cardiac rehabilitation for PCI patients.

Objective: To study the factors affecting the survival and prognosis of patients with intracranial ependymoma. Methods:From January 2008 to January 2018, the prognoses of 276 patients with intracranial ependymoma were analyzed using Log-rank and Cox model analysis. The variables included sex, age, tumor location, tumor diameter, resection extent, pathological grade, Ki-67 index, postoperative radiotherapy, and postoperative chemotherapy. Results: Tumor location, resection extent, and postoperative radiothera-py could all affect the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with intracranial ependymoma (P<0.001) and independently affected the OS (P<0.001, P<0.001, and P=0.002, respectively) and PFS (P<0.001, P<0.001, and P=0.001, respectively). The Ki-67 index was an independent factor affecting PFS in patients with intracranial ependymoma (P<0.001). The supratentorial loca-tion and Ki-67 index≥10% were independent risk factors indicating poor prognosis (P<0.001). Total resection and postoperative radio-therapy were protective factors (P<0.001 and P=0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Tumor location, resection extent, Ki-67 index, and postoperative radiotherapy are independent factors affecting the prognosis of intracranial ependymoma. It is helpful to extend the PFS and OS of patients through complete tumor resection or postoperative radiotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of 7 novel genetic loci identified in a recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with T2DM in Chinese Dong populations. METHODS: A case-controlled study was performed in individuals of Chinese Dong nationality. The genotypes of PARD3B (rs849230), LOC729993 (rs149228), EPHA4 (rs16862811), HNT (rs3099797), PTPRD (rs17584499 and rs649891), TOMM7 (rs2240727) genes were determined by Multiplex PCR-SNaPshot. The independent association between each polymorphism and T2DM was assessed by unconditional binary logistic regression analysis. The gene-environment interaction was assessed by marginal structural linear odds model. RESULTS: A total of 209 cases of T2DM and 209 control subjects were enrolled in the study. The polymorphism of rs2240727 in TOMM7 gene was associated with T2DM (OR=1.50, per copy of the risk T allele, P=0.004). In addition, CT (OR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.14-3.76) and TT (OR=2.75, 95% CI: 1.46-5.17) were risk genotypes for T2DM. After the correction for multiple test, the association remained significant (all P<0.05). After adjustment for the confounders of age, gender, and BMI, the association remained significant (P<0.05). The results of interaction analysis indicated that there were interaction between rs2240727 locus and BMI, WHR, hypertension and family history of diabetes. After adjustment for age and gender, the results of relative excess risk of interaction (RERI) were 1.5430 (95% CI: 0.5797-2.5062), 2.6520 (95% CI: 1.7516-3.5524), 2.9131 (95% CI: 1.7959-4.0303), 4.2062 (95% CI: 1.1686-8.2439), respectively (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION The rs2240727 genetic variant in TOMM7 is associated with T2DM in Chinese Dong population. There is positive interaction between rs2240727 and BMI, WHR, hypertension as well as family history of diabetes.
Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; genetics ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genotype ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Objective To estimate HIV seroprevalence among pregnant women with syphilis and evaluate the influence of syphilis infection on mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) of HIV by meta-analysis.Methods We conducted a systematic literature search for 1 678 articles related to maternal syphilis and HIV infection published until October 1st 2015 using the PubMed,Web of Science,Chinese Web of Knowledge,Wanfang,Weipu,and SinoMed databases and evaluated the quality of each papers using the STROBE checklist,and the keywords were "pregnant women/maternal/pregnancy","syphilis/AIDS","HIV/human immunodeficiency virus","mother-to-child transimission/vertical transmission".Excluding studies with the special subgroups of HIV-positive pregnant women as the research objects,review or meeting abstract,impossibility of full-text acquisition,sample size ＜50,duplication or impossibility of data extraction,finally,16 studies were included.Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate HIV seroprevalence among pregnant women with syphilis and the RR of MTCT for women infected with both syphilis and HIV.Subgroup analyses were undertaken by study location,sample size,use of anti-retroviral therapy and study quality.Results Sixteen studies with a combined sample of 110 573 pregnant women were included in the analysis.Of these,ten reported HIV seroprevalences among pregnant women with syphilis and six studies evaluated the influence of syphilis infection on MTCT of HIV.Pooled estimates yielded a HIV seroprevalence of 11.6％ (95％CI:6.7％-19.5％) among pregnant women with syphilis.We estimated that the risk of MTCT of HIV was 1.86 times (RR=l.86,95％CI:0.89％-3.89％) higher among pregnant women with syphilis compared with those only infected with HIV-although this effect was not statistically significant.Cochran's Q test showed a high degree of heterogeneity in estimates of HIV seroprevalence and the effect of syphilis infection on MTCT of HIV across studies (I2=89.4％ and 86.2％,respectively,P＜0.10).Subgroup analysis estimated HIV seroprevalences of 24.9％ (95％CI:17.4％-34.3％)in Africa,2.8％ (95％CI:1.4％-5.6％) in Asia and 2.2％ (95％CI:0.7％-6.7％) in South America.While studies with a large sample size (≥100) or of higher quality estimated overall seroprevalence at 15.2％ (95％CI:9.0％-24.7％),this was 2.2％ (95％CI:0.7％-6.7％) for lower-quality or smaller studies.Meanwhile,subgroup analyses of the RR of MTCT of HIV in pregnant women infected both with HIV and syphilis gave estimates of 1.19 (0.62-2.29) for the higher quality studies,4.76 (2.65-8.53) for the lower-quality studies,1.47 (0.77-2.81) for studies with a large sample size,5.82 (3.16-10.74) for studies with a small sample size,4.76 (2.65-8.53) for studies in which participants received antiretroviral treatment and 1.19 (0.62-2.29) for studies in which they did not.While Begg's test showed evidence of publication bias in studies of HIV seroprevalence estimates in pregnant women with syphilis (t=-2.48,P=-0.038),no evidence of publication bias was found in studies on the influence of syphilis infection on MTCT of HIV (t=-0.22,P=0.835).Conclusion HIV seroprevalence is higher among pregnant women with syphilis than uninfected women.Further research is warranted to verify whether syphilis infection can increase the risk of MTCT of HIV.

Objective To estimate HIV seroprevalence among pregnant women with syphilis and evaluate the influence of syphilis infection on mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) of HIV by meta-analysis.Methods We conducted a systematic literature search for 1 678 articles related to maternal syphilis and HIV infection published until October 1st 2015 using the PubMed,Web of Science,Chinese Web of Knowledge,Wanfang,Weipu,and SinoMed databases and evaluated the quality of each papers using the STROBE checklist,and the keywords were "pregnant women/maternal/pregnancy","syphilis/AIDS","HIV/human immunodeficiency virus","mother-to-child transimission/vertical transmission".Excluding studies with the special subgroups of HIV-positive pregnant women as the research objects,review or meeting abstract,impossibility of full-text acquisition,sample size ＜50,duplication or impossibility of data extraction,finally,16 studies were included.Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate HIV seroprevalence among pregnant women with syphilis and the RR of MTCT for women infected with both syphilis and HIV.Subgroup analyses were undertaken by study location,sample size,use of anti-retroviral therapy and study quality.Results Sixteen studies with a combined sample of 110 573 pregnant women were included in the analysis.Of these,ten reported HIV seroprevalences among pregnant women with syphilis and six studies evaluated the influence of syphilis infection on MTCT of HIV.Pooled estimates yielded a HIV seroprevalence of 11.6％ (95％CI:6.7％-19.5％) among pregnant women with syphilis.We estimated that the risk of MTCT of HIV was 1.86 times (RR=l.86,95％CI:0.89％-3.89％) higher among pregnant women with syphilis compared with those only infected with HIV-although this effect was not statistically significant.Cochran's Q test showed a high degree of heterogeneity in estimates of HIV seroprevalence and the effect of syphilis infection on MTCT of HIV across studies (I2=89.4％ and 86.2％,respectively,P＜0.10).Subgroup analysis estimated HIV seroprevalences of 24.9％ (95％CI:17.4％-34.3％)in Africa,2.8％ (95％CI:1.4％-5.6％) in Asia and 2.2％ (95％CI:0.7％-6.7％) in South America.While studies with a large sample size (≥100) or of higher quality estimated overall seroprevalence at 15.2％ (95％CI:9.0％-24.7％),this was 2.2％ (95％CI:0.7％-6.7％) for lower-quality or smaller studies.Meanwhile,subgroup analyses of the RR of MTCT of HIV in pregnant women infected both with HIV and syphilis gave estimates of 1.19 (0.62-2.29) for the higher quality studies,4.76 (2.65-8.53) for the lower-quality studies,1.47 (0.77-2.81) for studies with a large sample size,5.82 (3.16-10.74) for studies with a small sample size,4.76 (2.65-8.53) for studies in which participants received antiretroviral treatment and 1.19 (0.62-2.29) for studies in which they did not.While Begg's test showed evidence of publication bias in studies of HIV seroprevalence estimates in pregnant women with syphilis (t=-2.48,P=-0.038),no evidence of publication bias was found in studies on the influence of syphilis infection on MTCT of HIV (t=-0.22,P=0.835).Conclusion HIV seroprevalence is higher among pregnant women with syphilis than uninfected women.Further research is warranted to verify whether syphilis infection can increase the risk of MTCT of HIV.

To estimate the national prevalence of paternal postpartum depression in China and evaluate its association with maternal postpartum depression.
 Methods: Systematic literature searches were conducted in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Medline, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wangfang Database, Chinese science & technology journal database (VIP) and SinoMed database. The articles reported the prevalence of paternal postpartum depression in China were collected from inception to October 1, 2015. Random effect models were used to calculate pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals. Subgroup analysis were undertaken by period of measurement, case identification, study location and study quality.
 Results: Fourteen studies with a total sample size of 3 819 partners were included in this study. The pooled estimate of paternal postpartum depression was 13.6% (95% CI 8.7%-21.3%). The Pearson correlation coefficien between maternal PPD and paternal PPD was 0.295 (95% CI 0.218-0.367). The subgroup analysis showed that the estimates of paternal PPD in 0-5+6 weeks postpartum, 6-8 weeks postpartum and 8+1-24 weeks postpartum were 28.7%, 11.4% and 5.5%, respectively; when the rating scale was used as case identification method, the estimate of paternal PPD was 16.8%, and it was 4.1% when interview was used. The estimate of paternal PPD in inner areas was 22.2%, in coastal areas was 13.3% and in Hongkong/Taiwan was 7.8%. In studies with lower quality, the estimate of paternal PPD was 23.0%, and it was 9.1% in studies with higher quality.
 Conclusion: The national prevalence of paternal postpartum depression in China was at a high level, particularly during the postpartum 0-5+6 weeks. Paternal postpartum depression also showed a moderate positive correlation with maternal postpartum depression.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; epidemiology ; Depression, Postpartum ; epidemiology ; Fathers ; psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mothers ; psychology ; Postpartum Period ; Prevalence

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Renshentang， recorded in Synopsis of Golden Chamber， in the treatment of atherosclerosis （AS） based on the autophagic effect of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 （TRPV1） on arterial smooth muscle. MethodFourteen SPF-grade 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to the normal group and 70 8-week-old apolipoprotein E knockout （ApoE^-/-） mice were assigned to the experimental group. The AS model was induced by a high-fat diet in the mice in the experimental group for eight weeks. The model mice were then randomly divided into model group， low-， medium-， and high-dose Renshentang groups （2.715， 5.43， and 10.68 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and simvastatin group （0.02 g·kg^-1·d^-1）. Drug treatment lasted eight weeks. Serum was taken and serum total cholesterol （CHO）， triglyceride （TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） levels were measured by assay kits to observe the changes in lipid levels in mice. The aorta was stained with hematoxylin-eosin （HE） to observe the overall pathology of the aortic root and oil red O staining was used to detect the lipid deposition in the aortic plaque and calculate the percentage of the aortic root area to the lumen area. The protein expression of TRPV1， adenylate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）， phosphorylated AMPK （p-AMPK）， autophagy effector-1 （Beclin-1）， and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3Ⅱ） in mouse aortic tissues was determined by Western blot. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed increased serum CHO， TG， and LDL-C levels， decreased HDL-C， and increased aortic root plaque area （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Renshentang groups showed decreased levels of CHO， TG， and LDL-C in serum （P<0.05， P<0.01）， especially in the low- and medium-dose Renshentang groups （P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the simvastatin group and the Renshentang groups showed reduced aortic root plaque area （P<0.05）， especially in the high-dose Renshentang group （P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the model group showed decreased relative expression levels of TRPV1， p-AMPK/AMPK， Beclin-1， and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the medium- and high-dose Renshentang groups showed increased relative expression levels of TRPV1， p-AMPK/AMPK， Beclin-1， and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ（P<0.05，P<0.01）. ConclusionThe anti-AS effect of Renshentang recorded in Synopsis of Golden Chamber may be achieved by up-regulating TRPV1 expression to restore the level of autophagy mediated by AMPK.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect and mechanism of Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang on the progression of atherosclerosis （AS） mice based on the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in foam cells by transient receptor potential channel ankyrin 1 （TRPA1）. MethodThe AS model was established on apolipoprotein E knockout （ApoE^-/-） mice with a high-fat diet. The mice were randomly divided into low-dose， middle-dose， and high-dose groups of Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang （2.97， 5.94， 11.88 g·kg^-1） and simvastatin group （0.002 g·kg^-1）， and the drug was administered along with a high-fat diet. C57BL/6J mice were fed an ordinary diet as a normal group. After the above process， the aorta and serum of mice were taken. The pathological changes of the aortic root were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The lipid plaques in the aorta were observed by gross oil redness. Serum levels of total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， and high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） were detected， and the levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and interleukin-18 （IL-18） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Western blot and immunohistochemical method were used to analyze the expression of TRPA1， ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 （ABCA1）， ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 （ABCG1）， and mannose receptor （CD206）. ResultFrom the perspective of drug efficacy， compared with the normal group， pathological changes such as plaque， a large number of foam cells， and cholesterol crystals appeared in the aorta of the model group， and the serum levels of TC， LDL-C， IL-1β， and IL-18 were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The HDL-C level was significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and the CD206 level in aortic tissue was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the lipid deposition in the aorta was alleviated in all drug administration groups. In addition， except for the high-dose group of Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang， all drug administration groups could significantly decrease the levels of TC and LDL-C （P<0.01）. In terms of inflammation， except for the middle-dose group of Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang， the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly decreased in all drug administration groups （P<0.05）. Moreover， Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang could also up-regulate the levels of CD206， and the difference was significant in the middle-dose and high-dose groups （P<0.05）. From the perspective of mechanism， the expression levels of TRPA1， ABCA1， and ABCG1 in the aorta in the model group were lower than those in the normal group （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， all drug administration groups significantly increased the expression of TRPA1 in the aorta （P<0.05）， and the expressions of ABCA1 and ABCG1 were increased. The differences in the middle-dose and high-dose groups and the simvastatin group were significant （P<0.05）， which was basically consistent with the trend of immunohistochemical results. ConclusionZhishi Xiebai Guizhitang can effectively reduce blood lipid and inflammation levels and inhibit the formation of aortic plaque. The mechanism may be explained as follows： the expressions of ABCA1 and ABCG1 downstream are increased through TRPA1， which promotes cholesterol outflow in foam cells， thereby regulating cholesterol metabolism， intervening in inflammation level to a certain extent， and finally treating AS.