Objective To study the influence of white matter anisotropic conductivity on scalp electric potential distribution.Methods According to the volume constraint water diffusion tensor was converted to conductivity tensor,and the five-layer(white matter,grey matter,CSF,skull,scalp)finite element model(FEM)was constructed based on the DTI data.Based on this model first-order FEM algorithm was implemented.And the scalp electric potential distribution was calculated by using current dipole modal.Results Anisotropic conductivity of white matter has influence in EEG problem,and more influence when the ratio of radius and tangential of volume constraint is greater.The right-left dipoles have more influence than superior-inferior ones.Conclusion In the study of EEG,the anisotropic conductivity of brain tissue cannot be neglected.

Objective To study the effects of Xiaofengzhiyang Particles and Levocetirizine on elderly urticaria and effects on the serum levels of IL-2 and IgE.Methods 96 elderly patients were randomly divided into two groups.The patients in study group were prescribed with Xiaofengzhiyang Particles and Levocetirizine.The patients in control group were prescribed with Levocetirizine,two weeks for a course.The curative effect and serum levels of IL-2 and IgE were observed after treatment.Results The complete cure rate of the study group was 69.6％,the control group was 52.5％.There was significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.05).The serum levels of IL-2 and IgE were significantly decreased in study group(all P＜0.01).Conclusion Xiaofengzhiyang Particles combined with Levocetirizine is effective in treating elderly urticaria,and the two drugs together could reduce the serum levels of IL-2 and IgE.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of piracetam on superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity and malonaldehyde(MDA) content in brain tissues of D-galactose-induced ageing rats.METHODS: 30 SD rats were randomized to one of the 3 groups: blank control group(NS),model group(D-galactose+NS) and piracetam group(D-galactose+piracetam 432 mg?kg-1?d-1).All the rats were put to death at 90 days after medication,and the SOD activity and MDA content in brain tissues were determined.RESULTS: As compared with the blank control,the SOD activity decreased(P

Objective To improve detectable rate of gastric schwannoma by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). Method Clinical data and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) imaging features of 4 cases were retrospectively ana-lyzed which diagnosed as gastric schwannoma pathologically and immunohistochemically while diagnosed as gastric stromal tumor by EUS from May 2008 to June 2015 and reviewed the literature. Results 4 cases of gastric schwan-nomas are female and benign, all 4 lesions are solitary, 3 in gastric body, and 1 in fundus by endoscopic. By EUS, all lesions are originated from muscularis propria, hypoechoic change, even echoes and clear board without calcifica-tion or cystic changes. 2 cases have halo artifacts around the lesion. Literature review found that gastric schwannoma tended to occur in female, halo artifacts could be the feature of gastric schwannoma, calcification or cystic changes were rare in gastric schwannoma which were common in gastric stromal tumors. Conclusion It was difficult to distin-guish gastric schwannoma and gastric stromal tumors that originated from muscularis propria by EUS. For female patients with lesions originated from muscularis propria, originated from muscularis propria and occurred in gastric body, it was necessary to observe lesions whether there was being calcification or cystic and halo artifacts. Integrated all these performance, we should be in consideration of gastric stromal tumors, meanwhile, excluding the possibility of gastric schwannoma.

Objective To determine the expression of cathepsin D (CD), cathepsin H (CH) and cathepsin L (CL) in human primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to investigate their mechanisms. Methods The protein expression of CD, CH and CL in hepatic specimens consisted of control (n = 17), HCC (n = 37) and paracancerous (n = 28) tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. The relative values of CD, CH and CL protein expression were examined with absorbent density analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS11. 5 software. The univariate analysis was used to compare the difference among groups. Results The mean absorbance of CD, CH and CL proteins in HCC tissues (1.21± 0.33, 0. 89 ± 0.22 and 1.16± 0. 25, respectively) were significantly higher in comparison with those in control tissues (0. 19 ± 0. 07, 0. 24 ± 0. 12 and 0. 28 ± 0. 14,respectively) and in paracancerous tissues (0.27±0.13,0. 31± 0.14 and 0. 36±0.15)(all P values =0.0001). Whereas there was no difference between control and paracancerous tissues with respect to CD, CH and CL proteins (P ＞0. 05). Three proteins immunohistochemically appeared as a lot of diffused spots and stripes staining in cytoplasma of HCC tissues,but only a few scatted spots staining was found in control and paracancerous tissues. Conclusion The high expression of CD, CH and CL protein in primary HCC may be important markers for carcinogenesis and malignant progress.

The study of water molecule self-diffusion process is of importance not only for getting anatomical information of brain inner tissue, but also for shedding light on the diffusion process of some medicine in brain tissue. In this paper, we summarized the self-diffusion model of water molecule in brain inner tissue, and calculated the self-diffusion coefficient based on Monte Carlo simulation under different conditions. The comparison between this result and that of Latour model showed that the two self-diffusion coefficients were getting closer when the diffusion time became longer, and that the Latour model was a long time-depended self-diffusion model.
Body Water ; metabolism ; Brain ; metabolism ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Diffusion ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Extracellular Space ; metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Monte Carlo Method

Objective:To evaluate the effects of single spay of L-menthol (NPO-11) on suppressing gastric peristalsis during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and the influencing factor.Methods:This study was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-parallel controlled study. The eligible patients were randomly divided into two groups by randomized blocks. Patients received local spray of either NPO-11 (160 mg L-menthol) or placebo 20 mL during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The gastric peristalsis was recorded and evaluated before, 2 minutes after and at the end of endoscopy. The complexity of the procedure was evaluated by the researchers. The influencing factors for antiperistaltic effect of NPO-11 were analyzed.Results:A total of 220 patients were enrolled from five research centers. There were 109 cases in the NPO-11 group and 111 cases in the placebo group. The baseline data of the two groups were similar and comparable. The proportion of patients with grade 1 peristalsis at 2 minutes after the treatment and at the end of endoscopy was significantly higher in the NPO-11 group than that in the placebo group [40.37% (44/109) VS 16.22% (18/111), χ2=15.93, P<0.001]. Compared with the placebo group, the proportions of weak peristalsis (grade 1 and 2) were higher in the NPO-11 group at 2 minutes after the treatment [67.89% (74/109) VS 46.85% (52/111)] and at the end of endoscopy [79.82% (87/109) VS 48.65% (54/111)]. Subgroup analysis showed that the inhibitory effect of NPO-11 on gastric peristalsis was more significant in Helicobacter pylori antibody positive group. Conclusion:Local spray of NPO-11 can effectively inhibit gastric peristalsis during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and its effect is more significant in Helicobacter pylori antibody positive group. It could be recommended for no obvious adverse reactions , its safety, and the convenient procedure.

At present, the incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is gradually increasing. This seriously affects the quality of life of patients, and the burden of diagnosis and treatment is increasing. However, the disease is difficult to intervene in early stage as early monitoring means are limited. Aiming to find an effective biomarker of PD, this work extracted correlation between each pair of electroencephalogram (EEG) channels for each frequency band using weighted symbolic mutual information and k-means clustering. The results showed that State1 of Beta frequency band ( P = 0.034) and State5 of Gamma frequency band ( P = 0.010) could be used to differentiate health controls and off-medication Parkinson's disease patients. These findings indicated that there were significant differences in the resting channel-wise correlation states between PD patients and healthy subjects. However, no significant differences were found between PD-on and PD-off patients, and between PD-on patients and healthy controls. This may provide a clinical diagnosis reference for Parkinson's disease.
Humans ; Parkinson Disease/diagnosis* ; Quality of Life ; Cluster Analysis ; Electroencephalography ; Healthy Volunteers