Objective To explore excitability change of P2X receptor-mediated DRG neurons and expression of P2X_(3) receptor in the DRG neurons affected by prostatic inflammation.Methods ATP-evoked spontaneous firing and the expression of P2X_(3)receptor in the DRG neurons in the L6-S1 spinal cord were investigated by whole-cell patch clamp techniques,Western blotting on day 3,10 after Complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA) irritation of the rat prostate.Results Membrane potential of DRG neurons fluctuated spontaneously under current clamp.Membrane potential of neurons of control group and 3-day CFA irritation group were under threshold potential, and all recorded neurons had not action potential.However,4 of 39 neurons(10.26%) showed spontaneous action potential at membrane potential on day 10 after CFA irritation of prostate.Expression of P2X_(3) receptor increased significantly on day 10 after CFA irritation of the prostate by Western blotting.Conclusion The increase of expression and sensitivity of P2X_(3) receptor may play important roles in the development and maintenance of the pain owing to prostatic inflammation.

ObjectiveTo clarify the effect of medical students' non-intelligence factors on their academic records.MethodsTotally 104 medical students' non-intelligence factors and surgical academic records were collected and relationship between them was studied.Results① There were significant differences in academic records between students with different non-intelligence levels( F =4.21,P＜0.05 );better academic records were achieved in those with higher non-intelligence level than in those with good and poor non-intelligence level ( P ＜ 0.05 ).② There were significant differences in post clinical internship academic records between students with different non-intelligence levels ( F =8.65,P ＜0.01 ),better academic records were achieved in those with higher and good non-intelligence level( P ＜0.01,P ＜ 0.05 ).③ Medical students with higher and good non-intelligence level got obvious improvements in academic records after clinical internship,while students with medium non-intelligence level showed no difference ( P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionsMedical students' non-intelligence factors have obvious effect on their academic records.Keeping students' non-intelligence factors properly could improve their academic records.

Objective To explore the relationship between pain of prostatitis and activation of glia cells in spinal cord. Methods To investigate the activation of astroglia cells and microglia cells in spinal cord after irritation of the prostate of the rats with complete Freund′s adjuvant (CFA) at different time using immunohistochemical staining. Results Activation of astroglia cells and microglia cells were significantly increased in deeper laminae and superficial laminae of the dorsal horn of L_6-S_1 spinal cord on the third day, tenth day and twenty-eighth day after CFA irritation of the prostate, and the most obvious activation occurred on the tenth day. Conclusions Activation of glia cells in spinal cord may play an important role in the neuropathological process of the pain of prostatic inflammation. The molecular mechanisms should be further explored.

Objective To look for the neurological evidence of the referred pain of the chronic prostatitis and the relationship between the pain of the chronic prostatitis, bladder, and pelvic floor. Methods The distribution of plasma extravasation was determined with Evans blue dye after irritation of the prostate and bladder of the SD rat with capsaisin, and the distribution of dye extravasation was analyzed. Substance P expression within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord was determined by hybridization in situ after irritation of the prostate, bladder and superficial somatic region of the pelvic floor with formalin. Results Pain irritation of the prostate resulted in plasma extravasation in L_5 to S_2 dermatomes (mainly in L_6 to S_1). In rats receiving bladder irritation, the distribution of plasma extravasation showed a similar pattern to that observed in rats receiving prostatic irritation. Irritation of the prostate, bladder and pelvic floor resulted in similar substance P expression within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (L_6 to S_1). Conclusions Our results strongly suggest that referred pain status in inflammation of the bladder and prostate is neurogenically mediated. There are significant overlaps of nociceptive neurons within the spinal cord, which receive nociceptive inputs from the prostate, bladder and pelvic floor. Pathological changes in the prostate, bladder and pelvic floor can result in similar pain sensations.

Objective To explore the relationship between the activation of glial cells and the change of excitatory amino acids (EAA) in the cornu dorsal medullae spinalis induced by pain due to chronic prostatitis. Methods The pain models of chronic prostatitis were induced by injecting complete Freund’s adjuvant and 3% carrageenan into the prostate of 40 rats. Another 20 rats served as normal control. Propentofylline was given with PE-10 in spinal cord of 20 rat models. The activation of astrocyte and microglia and Glu in the spinal cord was detected with immunohistochemistry and the change of excitatory amino acids was observed by amino acids analyzer. Results Activation of astrocyte and microglia was significantly increased in the models and significantly reduced in interfered groups. Glu was significantly expressed in cornu dorsal medullae spinalis, and Glu and aspartic acid (Asp) was significantly increased in the models and significantly reduced in interfered groups. Conclusion The activation of glial cells is an important reason for the change of excitatory amino acids in cornu dorsal medullae spinalis induced by pain due to chronic prostatitis of rats. Inhibitor of gliocyte activation will be a new way to treat the pain of chronic prostatitis.

Objective To identify the nanobaeteria in prostate fluid of patients with CPPS.Methods Expressed prostatic secretion(EPS)and urine specimens were collected by Meares-Stamey way from CPPS patients(n=100)and normal controls(n=100).The specimens were cultured and nanobacteria was identified by indirect immunofluoreseenee staining with rnonoelonal antibody.The morphological features were observed by using transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Results The positive rate of nanobaeteria in the EPS cdture of CPPS patients and controls were 43% and 5% respectively,with significant statistical difference(X2=39.58,P＜0.01).By TEM,the sizes of NB ranged from 100 to 500 nm and appeared eoccoid-ccccobacillary shape. Conclusion Nanobaeteria infection may exist in EPS of CPPS patients.

ObjectiveTo explore the distribution of nanobacteria in prostatic calculus and investigate its role in the formation of prostatic calculus. MethodsThe stones of 40 patients with prostatic calculus was used to isolate and culture the possible bacteria. The genomes of obtained bacteria were extracted, and the 16S rRNA was amplified by PCR followed by sequencing. ResultsThe obtained specific fragment had a 98% resemblance with 16S rRNA of nanobacteria: Score=2 480 bits (1 290), Expect=0.0; Identities=1 387/1 409 (98%), Gaps=4/1 409 (0%); Strand=Plus/Plus. ConclusionNanobacteria is proved existing in the stones of prostatic calculus patients by PCR and sequencing.

Objective To study the causes, prophylaxis, and treatment of the severe complications due to transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate (TVP). Methods We analyzed the complications found in 1 910 men with moderate and severe symptoms of prostatism treated with TVP from August 1997 to February 2003 and studied the causes, prophylaxis, and treatment of the severe complications due to TVP. Results Severe complications were found in 78 cases (4.1%). Late mass bleeding in 35 cases (0.18%) was resulted from the abscission of coagulated necrotic tissue of the prostate after TVP. Extraperitoneal water extravasation (hydrocele) in 27 cases (0.14%) was caused by the early incision of the peritoneum in TVP and could be prevented by avoiding early incision of the peritoneum and stopping operation in time. Severe urethral stricture in 9 cases (0.05%) was caused by using thick sheath of cystoscope and cutting the neck of urinary bladder improperly. Urinary bladder explosion in 2 cases (0.01%) was caused by accumulation of air during the process of TVP, but could be protected by removing the air and water in urinary bladder at intervals. Incontinence in 2 cases (0.01%) was resulted from the injured urinary sphincter muscle. Acute renal failure in 3 cases (0.015%) was caused by hypotension. Conclusion Severe complications due to TVP can be prevented and treated. The occurrence rate of severe complications can be decreased by the proper preventive measures and skilled techniques of the operators.

Objective To explore the impact of chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) on semen quality. Methods The sperm parameters, including sperm density, motility, and morphology, of 25 CPPS patients were analyzed retrospectively and compared with those of the normal age-matched controls. The relationship between the semen parameters with the duration of symptoms was analyzed. Results The CPPS group and the control group differed significantly in terms of ejaculated volume, motility, and fructose concentration. The left parameters did not differ significantly. Azoospermia was present in 2 patients of the CPPS group, but not in the controls. The duration of symptoms was not associated with the sperm parameters. Conclusion CPPS patients have reduced motility and fructose concentration, which supports that CPPS is resulted from somatic etiology rather than psychological etiology.

Objective To explore the distribution of the nociceptive neurons that received inputs from the prostate, bladder, and pelvic floor in the spinal cord. Methods Substance P expression within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord was determined by in situ hybridization after formalin irritation of the prostate, bladder, and superficial muscle of the pelvic floor. Results Formalin irritation of the prostate, bladder, and pelvic floor resulted in similar substance P expression within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (L_6 to S_1). Conclusion There should be significant overlaps of nociceptive neurons within the spinal cord, which receive nociceptive inputs from the prostate, bladder, and pelvic floor. Pathological changes of the prostate, bladder, and pelvic floor could result in similar pain sensations.