The present therapy for primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)consists of surgery as well as local radiotherapy and chemother-apy.However,the majority of patients are susceptible to recurrence after comprehensive treatment,and the overall treatment outcome is not ideal due to the lack of effective drugs and strategies.Increasing evidence has demonstrated that the immune system is closely related to the development,progression,metastasis,and recurrence of HCC.Thus,immune therapy,especially cellular immunotherapy,could regulate immune function and induce specific antitumor immunity to achieve the goal of controlling HCC and reducing its recurrence and metastasis, which has become an essential part in the comprehensive treatment of HCC.The findings in preclinical and clinical studies on cellular immu-notherapy for HCC data are reviewed,and the current problems are discussed.

0.05) at the latest follow up. All the cases achieved solid fusion within 12 months. Nineteen cases with incomplete paraplegia obtained an average improvement of 1.26 grades by Frankel neurological classification. The major complications in this group included one case with temporary deterioration of neurological function. Another case with pulmonary atelectasis on the operation side, but cured with appropriate treatment. Conclusion One stage surgical treatment for multiple-level tuberculosis of the upper thoracic spine by combined anterior and posterior spine fusion with posterior instrumentation is feasible and effective without major complications. Early surgical intervention should be emphasized for the treatment of progressive tuberculosis of the upper thoracic spine.

Objective To study the characteristic cluster structure of good-quality natural drinking water.Methods The coupling 17 O NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance)FWHM(full width half maximum)was selected as the index to weigh the rel-ative average size of water cluster in liquid water.The 17 O NMR FWHM of water samples(nature water and artificial water)were measured by ARX400NMR spectroscopy.Results 17 O NMR FWHMs of21representative water samples were in the range of53-145Hz.Conclusion 17 O NMR FWHM of good-quality natural drinking water mainly lay from70to90Hz.

Objective To identify the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in young women of breast cancer treated with breast conservation therapy.Methods Clinical data of 605 cases of breast cancer patients undergoing breast conserving therapy were reviewed in our hospital from Jan 1998 to July 2008.According to their age,these patients were divided into young group (age≤ 35 years,n =110 cases) and the elderly group (age ＞ 35 years,n =495 cases).Survival factors were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression model.Results During the median follow-up of 61 months,the 5-year local-regional relapse-free survival was 92.6％ and 96.8％,respectively (P =0.074) ; the 5-year distant metastasis-free survival and overall survival between the two groups were (89.7％ vs.95.2％,P =0.001)and (96.4％ vs.98.9％,P =0.046).Multivariate analysis revealed that lymph node metastasis and adjuvant radiotherapy were independent risk factors for local-regional relapse.Distant metastasis and overall survival were determined by lymph node metastasis,adjuvant radiotherapy and age.Conclusions Age is not an independent factors affecting tumor local recurrence in Chinese young female patients of early breast cancer receiving breast conserving surgical therapy.

Objective To design a new animal model for end-to-side anastomosis of peripheral nerves and analyze the efficiency. Methods The experiment involved 28 Wistar rats,of which the left legs were set as experimental group and the right ones as control group based on mode of nerve anastomosis.In experimental group,the tibial nerves were cut off for anastomosis of the proximal end of the tibial nerves with the distolateral side of the common peroneal nerve.While in control group,the common peroneal nerves were cut off to anostmose the distal end of the peroneal nerve with the distolateral side of the tibial nerves.Electrophysiological examination was done three months later to observe and compare wave amplitude,latent period and maximal wave amplitude at set stimulus volume in both groups and compare the fiber number at distal and proximal ends of the common peroneal nerves. Results There was no significant statistical difference in regard of amplitude,latent period and maximal wave amplitude in both groups.However,the fiber number at distal end of the stoma was much more than that at proximal end in the experimental group,with statistical difference(P

Objective To observe the morphological characteristics of HCV particles and intracel-lular ultrastructure changes in Huh7. 5 cells which was infected with chimeric HCV via transmission electron microscopy. Methods Plasmid J6/JFH encoding the full length HCV chimeric genome was transcribed to HCV RNA in vitro and the RNA was transfected into Huh7.5 cells by electroporation. Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR) was used to assay HCV copies of the supernatant of transfected cells. Indirect immunofluo-rescence was used to detect the expression of HCV proteins. The cell culture superoatant were used to infect narve Huh7.5 cells, transmission electron microscopy was used to observe morphological characteristics of vi-rus particles and intracellular ultrastructure changes in infected Huh7. 5 cells. Results qRT-PCR showed high level virus copies in supernatant of transfected cells collected in different times, indirect immuno-fluo-rescencc proved high expression of HCV NS5A proteins in the transfected cells. Large numbers of enveloped or unenveloped virus-like particles (VLPs) were observed in infected Huh7. 5 cells via transmission electronmicroscopy. We also found hyperplasia of some membrane-enclosed organelles in the cytoplasm. Several fea-tures characterizing flavivirus infected cells and a cytoplasmic inclusion of unknown origin were observed. Conclusion The chimeric HCV from in vitro cell culture system is proved to be intact virus particles which can efficiently infect Huh7.5 cells.

BACKGROUND:Recently,researches have found that insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)can induce the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)into chondrocytes,but there are no reports concerning the differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells(ADMSCs)into chondrocytes induced by IGF-1,as well as interaction with transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)during this process.OBJECTIVE:To explore the possibility of inducing ADMSCs chondrogenic differentiation by using IGF-1 and the interaction with TGF-β1 in induction.METHODS:ADMSCs were obtained,and seeded at 2×10~5 cells/cm~2 in culture flask.Insulin-free chondrogenic media containing IGF-1 or(and)TGF-β1 were used to induce ADMSCs.2 weeks later,cells were harvested and stained by using toluidine blue and collagen Ⅱ antibody immunohistochemistry.Intracellular sulfated proteoglycan and collagen Ⅱ coloring were observed.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to detect the expression of collagen Ⅱ,aggrecan and Sox9 mRNA.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After induced,toluidine blue stain exhibited that the cells in the three induction groups were polygonal,with cytoplasm and cell membrane of blue different dyeing.Immunohistochemistry for type Ⅱ collagen demonstrated that cytoplasm and cell membrane were stained brown in three induction groups.RT-PCR revealed that the expression of collagen Ⅱ,aggrecan,Sox9 mRNA of IGF + TGF group were significantly greater than the IGF and TGF groups,and IGF and TGF groups were significantly stronger than the control group.No significant difference was determined between the IGF and TGF groups.These results indicated that IGF-1 can induce chondrogenic differentiation from ADMSCs,expressing chondrocyte specific cell phenotype.There is synergism of IGF-1 and TGF-01 to induce the differentiation of ADMSCs into chondrocytes.

Objective To investigate the correlation between large platelet ratio (P-LCR) and stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods 152 consecutive patients with atrial fibrillation were selected and divided into two groups according to whether accompanying stoke or not. Clinical features of patients and blood test indicator P-LCR were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. Results In total, 152 subjects, including 47 patients with stoke and 105 patients without stoke,were included in the study. Univariate analysis showed that the difference in age, diabetes, hypertension, lipid-lowering therapy and P-LCR between two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, diabetes and P-LCR were independent risk factors of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Conclusions Age, diabetes and P-LCR are independent risk factors of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) pathway inhibition in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated apoptosis of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs).

METHODSRats with acute lung injury induced by LPS intratracheal instillation and cultured human venous PMNs were studied. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) and gliotoxin were used as NF-kappaB inhibitors. Additionally, to explore the role of extracellularly regulated protein kinase as an upstream signal in NF-kappaB pathway on regulating LPS-stimulated PMN apoptosis, PD098059, the specific inhibitor of extracellularly regulated protein kinase, was also applied. The lung injury was determined by protein content and PMN numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. PMN apoptosis was measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) end labeling and DNA fragmentation. IkappaBalpha degradation was analyzed by Western blot. NF-kappaB DNA binding activity was detected by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay.

RESULTS(1) The increase of protein content and PMN numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid induced by LPS (100 micro g per rat) intratracheal instillation were alleviated by PDTC (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg, i.p.) in a dose-dependent manner. (2) PMNs apoptosis in vivo or in vitro was delayed by LPS, and accelerated by PDTC, gliotoxin or PD098059 pretreatment. (3) IkappaBalpha degradation and increased NF-kappaB DNA binding activity mediated by LPS were inhibited by PDTC, gliotoxin or PD098059 pretreatment.

CONCLUSIONInhibition of either NF-kappaB itself or the upstream signals in NF-kappaB pathway such as extracellularly regulated protein kinases has therapeutic effect on LPS-induced acute lung injury, in which the dysregulation of PMN apoptosis plays an important role.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; NF-kappa B ; physiology ; Neutrophils ; drug effects ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; physiology

Background Visual electrophysiology is a sensitive index for the evaluation of visual function.It has an important value in the assessment of traumatic optic neuropathy.Rabbit is an ideal animal model of traumatic optic neuropathy,and it is simple for the record of flash visual evoked potential(F-VEP)in rabbits.ObjectiveThe present study is to establish the animal model of traumatic optic neuropathy with or without lens injury and observe the repairing procedure using F-VEP. MethodsModels of traumatic optic neuropathy associated with lens injury were established in the right eyes and only traumatic optic neuropathy were created in the left eyes of 64 healthy SPF Chinese white rabbits using fluid percussion brain injury device(FPI).F-VEP was recorded based on the Proposal of International Visual Electrophysiology on 1,2,4,7,10,14,21,28 days after injury of optic nerves.Experimental animals were sacrificed in above time points for the histopathological examination.Macrophages were labeled by ED-1 antibody and survival retinal ganglion cells (RGCs)were stained by Nissl method.Results At the first day after injury,the latencies of P_(100) in both group were longer,and the amplitudes of P_(100) in both group were lower than before injury,showing statistically significant differences among different time points(P<0.05),but no significant difference was seen between the two groups(P>0.05).The duration of latency in traumatic optic neuropathy associated with lens injury group was shorter than that in only traumatic optic neuropathy group(P<0.05).The restore of latency in traumatic optic neuropathy associated with lens injury group was much faster than that in only traumatic optic neuropathy group(P<0.05).The numbers of macrophages were significantly increased and numbers of survival RGCs were considerably decreased with lapse of injury time (P<0.05).The abnormalities of VEP P_(100) and RGCs were obviously improved in 28 days after injury in both groups. ConclusionThis animal model can be established successfully by FPI.The result of retinal histopathological examination confirms F-VEP findings in this model.