Oncolytic virus therapy is becoming a new direction for cancer treatment, which could take the advantage of the characteristic of oncolytic virus selectively replicating in cancer cells, and killing tumor cells without damaging normal cells. Compared with conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy, it has higher specificity, fewer side effects and the ability resisting various kinds of malignant tumors. Newcastle disease virus, a typical oncolytic virus, can cause Newcastle disease in poultry. However, no serious symptoms occurred after human being infected with NDV. With the development of reverse genetics technology, it is possible to enhance the anti-tumor activity of NDV by promoting membrane fusion and apoptosis with gene recombination. The review is about the recent research progress in vitro and in vivo oncolytic experiments and clinical application of NDV at home and abroad, which aimed at providing scientific reference for the anti-tumor study of NDV in the future.

OBJECTIVESince 1986, the reference of birth weight for gestational age has not been updated. The aim of this study was to set up Chinese neonatal network to investigate the current situation of birth weight in China, especially preterm birth weight, to develop the new reference for birth weight for gestational age and birth weight curve.

METHODA nationwide neonatology network was established in China. This survey was carried out in 63 hospitals of 23 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. We continuously collected the information of live births in participating hospitals during the study period of 2011-2014. Data describing birth weight and gestational age were collected prospectively. Newborn's birth weight was measured by electronic scale within 2 hours after birth when baby was undressed. The evaluation of gestational age was based on the combination of mother's last menstrual period, ultrasound in first trimester and gestational age estimation by gestational age scoring system.

STATISTICAL ANALYSISthe growth curve was drawn by using LMSP method, which was conducted in GAMLSS 1.9-4 software package in R software 2.11.1.

RESULTA total of 159 334 newborn infants were enrolled in this study. There were 84 447 male and 74 907 female. The mean birth weight was (3 232 ± 555) g, the mean birth weight of male newborn was (3 271 ± 576) g, the mean weight of female newborn was (3 188 ± 528) g. The test of the variables' distribution suggested that the distribution of gestational age and birth weight did not fit the normal distribution, the optimal distribution for them was BCT distribution. The Q-Q plot test and worm plot test suggested that this curve fitted the distribution optimally. The male and female neonatal birth weight curve was developed using the same method.

CONCLUSIONUsing GAMLSS method to establish nationwide neonatal birth weight curve, and the first time to update the birth weight reference in recent 28 years.

Birth Weight ; China ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Male

Objective: To identify the function of 91-112 amino acids (aa) fragment, the interaction domain of head and stalk of Newcastle disease virus(NDV) HN glycoprotein, and clarify the role of the fragment in promoting cell specific membrane fusion. Methods: The specific gene sequences were identified by aligning 91-112 amino acids of NDV HN protein with amino acids of MeV H, RSV G, hPIV3 HN protein. The fragment deletion, fragment substitution and intermolecular homologous recombination method were combined to construct the deletion mutant, De(HN), and three chimeras, Ch(MeV), Ch(RSV), Ch(hPIV3). Cationic transfection reagent was used to transfect the plasmids into baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-21), in which vaccinia virus-T7 RNA polymerase expression system was expressed. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA) and flow cytometry (FCM) were executed to analyze the cell surface expression level. Cell fusion promotion activity, receptor recognition activity and neuraminidase activity of each mutant were also detected. Results: Cell surface expression efficiency of De(HN) and Ch(MeV), Ch(RSV), Ch(hPIV3) proteins were 9.04%, 82.20%, 70.16%, 75.65% of that of wild-type (wt) HN. Fusion promotion activity of De(HN), Ch(MeV), Ch(RSV), Ch(hPIV3) were 3.83%, 24.76%, 29.42%, 57.84% of that of wt HN. The fusion promotion activity of De(HN) almost disappeared and syncytium couldn’t be found under the microscope. Hemadsorption activity was 13.48%, 36.25%, 34.93%, 65.22%, respectively (P<0.05), which was consistent with the fusion promotion activity of mutant proteins. Neuraminidase activity was 10.81%, 54.42%, 50.13%, 60.35% of that of wt HN, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusions The amino acids fragment (91-112) of NDV HN protein plays an important role in promotion fusion. The loss of fusion promotion activity of De(HN) protein was related to the failure of effective cell surface expression of the mutant.