OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents in the leaves and branches of Myricaria alopecuroides.

METHODSolvent extraction method was employed to extract and partition. The chemical constituents were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, highly porous resin HP-20. The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of physiochemical properties and spectral analysis.

RESULTEleven compounds were isolated from this plant and identified as ellagic acid 3,3',4-trimethylether (1), ellagic acid 3,3'-dimethylether (2), isorhamnetin (3), kaempferol (4), 3, 5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid (5), daucosterol (6), 6,7,10-trihydroxy-8-octadecenoic acid (7), quercetin (8), gallic acid (9), palmitic acid (10), hexadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (11).

CONCLUSIONExcept 8 and 9, all compounds were isolated from M. alopecuroides for the first time. Compound 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 11 were obtained from the genus Myricaria for the frist time.

Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Tamaricaceae ; chemistry

Adverse drug reaction induced by injection of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) often occurs. Post-marketed re-evaluation of clinical safety in injection of TCM is indispensable,in order to solve the clinical safety problems. It is necessary to conduct Phase 0 clinical trials for containing toxic medicine and injection of TCM. Phase 0 clinical trials, involving very limited human exposure, and using microdose of drugs, are intended to collect the necessary safety and pharmacokinetic data in limited period. Microdose reflects allergies of injection of TCM. Phase 0 clinical trials provide a new method for post-marketed re-evaluation of safety in injection of TCM. Its use depends on whether there is a safety problem for injection of TCM,and the determination of initial dose and sample size are key questions in study design.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Humans ; Injections ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing

Objective The radioactivity level in historical waste from a plant is high, and decommissioning operators may be exposed to high radiation doses. The objective of the study is to carry out a radiation safety analysis of the retrieval and conditioning of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) waste, put forward appropriate radiation protection measures, and minimize the exposure doses of operators. Methods The source terms of NORM waste in the temporary storehouse were analyzed; MicroShield, a point kernel integration program, was used for modeling and calculation; and radiation protection measures under decommissioning conditions were put forward based on on-site monitoring data. Results The maximum gamma dose rate calculated near the waste pile in the temporary storehouse was 313.9 μGy/h, equivalent to the monitoring level; distance decay and appropriate shielding measures significantly reduced gamma dose rates for operators. Conclusion Decommissioning sites of temporary storehouses are of great harm to operators. Measures such as shielding, isolation, remote operations, and personal protection can effectively reduce the exposure doses of operators.

[Objective] To explore the incidence and risk factors of blood transfusion undergoing total knee revision (TKR) using a nationwide database. [Methods] A retrospective data analysis was conducted based on the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), enrolling patients who underwent TKR from 2015 to 2019 with complete information. Patients under 18 years old and those using anticoagulants, antiplatelets, antithrombotic and non-steroidal were excluded. The patients were divided into two groups based on whether they received blood transfusion or not. The demographic characteristics, length of stay (LOS), total charge of hospitalization, hospital characteristics, hospital mortality, comorbidities and perioperative complications by Wilcoxon rank test for continuous data and chi-square test for categorical data. Logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors of blood transfusion undergoing TKR. [Results] The NIS database included 63 359 patients who underwent TKR. Among them, 5 271 patients received blood transfusion, with an incidence of blood transfusion of 7.8%. There was a decrease in the incidence over the years from 2015 to 2019, dropping from 10.2% to 6.5%. TKR patients requiring transfusions had experienced longer LOS, incurred higher total medical expenses, utilized Medicare more frequently, and had increased in-hospital mortality rates (all P<0.001). Independent risk factors for blood transfusion included female gender, iron-deficiency anemia, rheumatoid disease, collagen vascular disease, chronic blood loss anemia, congestive heart failure, coagulopathy, diabetes with chronic complications, lymphoma, fluid and electrolyte disorders, peripheral vascular disorders, renal failure, valvular disease and weight loss (malnutrition). In addition, risk factors for transfusion in TKR surgery included sepsis, acute myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, gastrointestinal bleeding, heart failure, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, acute renal failure, postoperative delirium, wound infection, lower limb nerve injury, hemorrhage, seroma, hematoma, wound rupture and non healing. [Conclusion] Our findings highlight the importance of recognizing the risk factors of blood transfusion in TKR and establishing corresponding clinical pathways and intervention measures to reduce the occurrence of adverse events.