pinal dorsal horn of CCI, suggesting repeatedly intrathecal betorphanol may be a possible way to treat neuropathic pain.

Objective To explore the physiological and psychosocial risk factors of the patients with somatoform disorders and to provide references for clinical psychological intervention.Methods Totally 60 patients with somatoform disorder and 60 normal controls were tested with biochemical analyzer,electrocardiogram machine,electroencephalogram machine,computed tomographic scanner,general situation questionnaire,minnesota multiphasic personality inventory(MMPI),toronto alexithymia scale(TAS),life event scale(LES),defense style questionnaire(DSQ) and social support rating scale(SSRS) to explore the physiological and psychosocial risk factors of the patients with somatoform disorders.Results The score of immature defense styles of the study group(4.04±0.89) were higher than those in the control group(3.43 ± 0.65)with significant difference (P＜0.05).The total and factor scores of TAS of study group((86.20±11.15),(21.12±3.28),(26.08±3.86),(18.21±4.69),(23.44±5.60)) were higher than control group((65.00±10.12),(12.43±5.18),(15.64±5.57),(15.56±3.16),(18.71 ±4.30)) with significant difference (P＜0.05).The MMPI scale scores of Hs (hypochondriasis),D (depression),Hy (hysteria),Men-Nancy (Mf),Paranoid (Pa),Psychotic (Pt) were higher in patients with somatoform disorder ((72.79± 10.50),(68.46±13.63),(79.03±12.12),(51.72±7.74),(57.98±10.60),(54.98±8.83)) than those in normal controls((51.66±10.11),(47.96±9.42),(51.47±11.90),(43.66±8.77),(47.67±6.69),(47.48±8.67)) with significant difference(P＜0.05).The total life event score and the negative life event score of LES of the study group ((89.66±68.60),(82.65±65.16)) were higher than those in the control group((56.00±56.79),(39.14± 46.05)) with significant difference (P＜ 0.05).Multiple factors logistic regression analysis showed immature defense styles,higher alexithymia score,higher negative life event score,higher HS,D,Hy of MMPI may increase the risk of somatoform disorders(OR=6.84,9.12,5.83,2.69,1.81,11.20,P＜0.01).Conclusion Patients with somatoform disorder are almost in normal physiological condition.They have the personality characteristics and significant alexithymia.Their social support are almost normal,but they have more negative life events and their defense styles are almost immature.

Objective To investigate the prevalence rate of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in a hospital,so as to provide reference for making HAI control measures.Methods The cross-sectional survey on HAI was carried out among all hospitalized patients on May 26,2010,December 12,2012 and December 4,2013,respectively,sur-veyed data were analyzed.Results The prevalence rate was 6.66%(n =116),6.67%(n =113)and 6.33%(n =120)in 2010,2012 and 2013 respectively,and case rate was 7.29%(n=127),7.38%(n=125)and 6.97%(n=132) respectively,intensive care unit(ICU )had the highest infection rate,internal medicine ICU was up to 71 .43%. The main infection site was lower respiratory tract(44.53%),followed by surgical site infection (9.11 %)and uri-nary tract infection (9.11 %).The isolation rate of gram-negative bacteria,gram-positive bacteria and fungi was 60.81 %,20.38% and 18.81 % respectively.Usage rate of antimicrobial agents in three years was 32.95%, 29.87% and 25.59% respectively (χ2 = 13.16,P <0.01 ).Conclusion Prevalence rate of HAI in this hospital is high ,the main pathogen is gram-negative bacteria,the main infection site is lower respiratory tract ,antimicrobial use decreased year by year.Monitor on high risk departments,main sites and pathogens should be intensified.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common pathological type of primary liver cancer, with high fatality rate. The pathogenesis of HCC is complex, and the specific occurrence and development mechanism is still in the exploratory stage. CircRNA is a special endogenous noncoding RNA and mainly participates in the regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. By regulating gene transcription, it acts as a molecular sponge of miRNA, participates in protein translation, and interacts with RNA binding protein (RBP). CircRNA is involved in the occurrence and development of HCC. Its abnormal expression in HCC cells is related to the pathological characteristics of HCC tissue, regulates the expression of downstream target genes, miRNA and proteins, participates in the proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of HCC cells, and regulates tumor microenvironment and signal pathways, suggesting that circRNA may be a potential novel biomarker and therapeutic target for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. This paper reviews the biological mechanism of circRNA, its role in HCC, and research progress in diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To explore the effects of applying a four-step training method based on an attitude-skill-knowledge (ASK) model combined with workshops in training on the prevention and control of nosocomial infection among medical students, and to provide a reference for reforming nosocomial infection prevention and control training for medical students and establishing a nosocomial infection prevention and control training system.Methods:Medical students from five medical schools entering clerkships during 2018 to 2020 were selected. They were divided into control group (218 medical students in 2018-2019 receiving conventional nosocomial infection control training) and experimental group (216 medical students in 2019-2020 receiving nosocomial infection control training based on the ASK model-based four-step method combined with workshops). The two groups were compared in terms of the compliance rate of hand hygiene, the pass rates of nosocomial infection control theory and skill examinations, the correct rate of medical waste disposal, the incidence of occupational exposure, and the degree of satisfaction with teaching.Results:All the indices of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group: the compliance rate of hand hygiene ( χ2=4.92, P=0.027), the correct rate of medical waste disposal ( χ2=5.13, P=0.023), the pass rate of nosocomial infection control theory examination ( χ2=4.03, P=0.038), the pass rate of nosocomial infection control skill examination ( χ2=6.71, P=0.010), and the degree of satisfaction with teaching [(98.03±2.16) vs. (92.53±2.01), P<0.001]. No one had occupational exposure in the experimental group, while there were three cases in the control group. Conclusion:The ASK model-based four-step method combined with workshops is effective in nosocomial infection prevention and control training for medical students. This innovative training method improves students' satisfaction with clinical teaching, providing a basis for the establishment of a training system for the prevention and control of nosocomial infection.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the implementation of the antimicrobial agents prescription monthly review at the emergency and outpatient departments for the past five years, for evaluation of its action in promoting rational application of antimicrobial drugs. Methods At the baseline investigation stage, 1780 prescriptions on antibiotics in emergency and outpatient department from June 2012 to November 2012 were randomly selected for centralized evaluation. The period of correction and observation falls into two stages. The first stage ranged from December 2012 to February 2015, when the prescription of antibiotics was sampled manually for monthly review. The second stage ranged from March 2015 to June 2017, when a prescription review software for prescription comment was introduced for the sample purpose. The data so acquired were subject to chi-square test and linear regression analysis using Excel 2010 and SPSS 16. 0. Results The rational rate of prescription for antibiotics at the emergency department increased from 80. 56％ of the baseline stage to 99. 47％ of the second stage (166506/167400), scoring a difference of statistical significance (P<0. 001). With intervention of the prescription review software, the percentage of irrational use of antimicrobial agents dropped by 5. 18％ compared to the baseline stage. Conclusions Monthly prescription review on antimicrobial agents at the outpatient and emergency departments could promote the rational use of antimicrobial agents and play an important role in clinical drug safety. Information system and performance assessment contributed to the effect of prescription review.

Objective To better understand the infection status of HIV in the patients seeking medical care in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.Methods The HIV detection data of the patients in the hospital from 2003-2014 were collected for a statistical analysis with software SPSS 19.0.Results A total of 715 421 patients were screened,and 1 012 (0.14％) patients were HIV positive,and HIV infection were confirmed in 776 (0.11％) patients by Western Blot testing.The detection rate of HIV infection increased from 0.05％ in 2003 to 0.17％ in 2014 (trend x2=66.83,P=0.000),and the increase during 2012-2014 was obvious.Of the 776 newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals,631 (81.31％) were men and 145 (18.69％) were women.The percentage of the males infected with HIV increased from 50.00％ to 90.26％ (trend x2=58.41,P=0.000).The median age was 36 years (interquartile range:27-43),and the age group 18-50 years were mostly affected.In the 776 patients infected with HIV,634 (81.70％) were infected through sexual contacts,and the proportion of sexual transmissions increased with year (trend x2=126.38,P=0.000).The proportion of infected men who have sex with men (MSM) increased from 0％ in 2003 to 53.90％ in 2014 (trend X2=11.96,P=0.001),similar to the trend in western countries.The proportion of infected patients who were not married increased from 18.75％ to 42.21％ (trend x2=43.74,P=0.000).The top three source departments of HIV/AIDS cases were internal medicine (51.03％),emergency room (18.30％) and dermatology (13.53％).The proportion of the HIV/AIDS patients from department of gynecology and obstetrics declined from 18.75％ in 2003 to 2.60％ in 2014.No HIV/AIDS patients were detected in department of surgery,department of otorhinolaryngology,department of ophthalmology,department of stomatology and health examination center in 2003,but 14 cases (9.10％),11 cases (7.14％) and 4 cases (2.60％) were detected in these departments respectively in 2014.Conclusion The HIV detection rate increased with year in Peking Union Medical College Hospital,suggesting the necessity of strengthened HIV test in general hospitals.MSM are the population at high risk,to whom more attention should be paid.

The medical management department of individual hospitals varies with their organizational structure and operational mechanism, instead of following a general pattern. Inspired by the"super-ministry" system of government,the hospital has integrated successively the Medical Affairs Office, Patient Safety Office,Medical Quality Control Office,Hospital-acquired Infection Control Office and Medical insurance office. Through integration and innovation of duties, regulations, culture, decision-making progress,coordination and talent training mechanism, the " Five-in-One" super-ministry model of medical management came into being,achieving collaborative and efficient medical management as a result.

Peking Union Medical College Hospital, as one of the most stressful medical institutions in China, is facing the problem of emergency department overcrowding. In order to effectively alleviate the emergency overcrowding, improve the medical quality and patients′ medical experience, the hospital firmly grasped the two incremental links of " throughput" and " output" factors, established a multidisciplinary and multi-department cooperation team, constructed a close medical alliance cooperation mode, and innovated and explored a harmonious emergency overcrowding relief mode with the goal of unblocking the " exit" of patients. The practice showed that the comprehensive measures could effectively alleviate the problem of emergency overcrowding, and improve the medical environment and medical quality.