Objective To investigate the effect of sleeve gastrectomy on the intestinal barrier of obesity rats fed with high-fat diet.Methods Thirty obesity rats fed with high-fat diet were randomly divided into three groups including common diet group (CD,n=10),sham operation group (SO,n=10) and sleeve gastrectomy group (SG,n=10).The lactulose/mannitol ratios (L/M) in 24-hour urine and endotoxin in portal vein were evaluated four weeks after surgery.The levels of tight junction proteins including claudin-1 and occludin in intestinal mucosa were analyzed by western blot.Results The body weight of SG group was significantly decreased than those of CD group (P<0.001) and SO group (P<0.001) four weeks after surgery.The L/M ratio in 24-hour urine of SG group was significantly lower than those of CD group (P<0.001) and SO group (P<0.01).The endotoxin level in portal vein of SG group was significantly lower than those of CD group (P<0.01) and SO group (P<0.05).The claudin-1 level in intestinal mucosa of SG group was significantly higher than those of CD group (P<0.001) and SO group (P<0.01) four weeks after surgery.The occludin level in intestinal mucosa of SG group was significantly higherthan those of CD group (P<0.001) and SO group (P<0.001).Conclusions Sleeve gastrectomy can reduce body weight,L/M ratio in 24-hour urine and endotoxin level in portal vein of obesity rat fed with high-fat diet and increase the levels of claudin-1 and occludin in intestinal mucosa.

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect and immune mechanism of Baitouweng Tang on ulcerative colitis(UC) rats. Method: The mode of UC rats was made of 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)/ethanol enema. Rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, mesalazine group, and high-dose, middle-dose and low-dose Baitouweng Tang groups. The mesalazine group were administered with mesalazine (0.5 g·kg^-1). Baitouweng Tang groups were given Baitouweng Tang (10, 5, 2.5 g·kg^-1), while the other groups were given double steaming water. After 7 days of continuous administration, the general condition and disease activity index of rats in each group were observed. After anesthesia in rats, blood was taken from the abdominal aorta. Then the rats were put to death, and the length and morphological observation of the colon were measured. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry detection was used to detect the activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in blood and colon tissue. The levels of P-selectin, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and thromboxane B₂ (TXB₂) in blood and colon tissues were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Immunohistochemistry and Western blot methods were undertaken to determine the expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) proteins in colon tissue. Result: Compared with the model group, the rats in model group showed severe symptoms, such as loose stools, diarrhea and bloody stools, while Baitouweng Tang obviously ameliorated them. Moreover, Baitouweng Tang significantly reduced DAI, colon general and pathological scores, which were high in model group(P<0.01). The levels of MPO, P-selectin, MIF and TXB₂ in the serum and colon tissues of the model group were obviously increased(P<0.01), and Baitouweng Tang could reverse them. Similarly, the expressions of TLR4 and NF-κB in colons of model group were markedly higher than those in control group(P<0.01). However, Baitouweng Tang group showed lower expressions than the model group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Baitouweng Tang could inhibit TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in treatment of ulcerative colitis, and reduce the expressions of P-selectin, MPO, MIF and TXB₂, and thus promoting intestinal mucosal repair and improving intestinal function.

The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of Shaoyao Tang on ulcerative colitis(UC) in rats via regulation of TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway. A total of 56 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal control group(double distilled water), model group(double distilled water), mesalazine group(10 mL·kg~(-1)), high dose, middle dose and low dose Shaoyao Tang groups(2.4, 1.2, and 0.6 g·mL~(-1)). After UC rat models were established by 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB)/ethanol enema, the rats received double distilled water or corresponding drugs twice a day for 7 days. After the treatment cycle, the general performance and disease activity index(DAI) of rats were observed on the next day. Then the rats were sacrificed. The length of colon was measured. Macroscopic and histological score of colon were evaluated. Histopathological changes of colon were observed by HE staining. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry detection was used to detect the content of myeloperoxidase(MPO) in blood and colon tissues. The levels of P-selectin, macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF) and thromboxane B_2(TXB_2) in blood and colon tissues were determined by ELISA. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the protein expressions of TLR4 and NF-κB in colon tissues. The results showed that as compared with the model group, Shaoyao Tang of different doses improved the general performance of UC rats. Moreover, high-dose Shaoyao Tang group showed the most obvious effect in scoring of disease activity index(P<0.001); both medium and high doses of Shaoyao Tang significantly inhibited the colon shortening and pathological injury, with significantly decreased expression levels of MPO, P-selectin, MIF and TXB_(2 )in serum and colon tissues of UC rats(P<0.001). Immunohistochemistry and Western blot assay showed that the levels of TLR4 and NF-κB protein expression in the colon tissues of Shaoyao Tang high-dose group were remarkably lower than that in the model group(P<0.001). This study shows that Shaoyao Tang has protective and repairing effects on UC, and its possible mechanism is achieved probably by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and inhibiting the expressions of MPO, P-selectin, MIF and TXB_2.
Animals ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; drug therapy ; Colon ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; metabolism

【Objective】 To optimize the purification conditions of heparin affinity chromatography in the purification of human coagulation factor Ⅸ by response surface method and establish the optimal chromatography process parameters. 【Methods】 The effect of sample loading temperature on purification efficiency was analyzed through single factor test. Three-factor three-level response surface method was used to optimize the chromatographic elution conditions. The Folin phenol method and the automatic hemagglutination analyzer were used to determine the total protein content and human coagulation factor Ⅸ titer, respectively. The purification effect was evaluated by activity index and process recovery rate. 【Results】 The optimized optimal chromatographic conditions were loading at 5 ℃, washing 4 CV, eluent formulation of sodium citrate 20 mmol/L, arginine hydrochloride 18.7 mmol/L, NaCl 611.6 mmol/L and pH 7.5; under this optimal setting, the recovery rate of the chromatographic process was (46.6±2.9) %, titer of factor Ⅸ rated to (68.4±4.7) IU/mL and specific activity was (62.8±3.3) IU/mg. 【Conclusion】 The optimized parameters of heparin affinity chromatography process by response surface method can produce better purification effect on human coagulation factor Ⅸ.

A mutant strain ΔVcrV was constructed by using homologous recombination method for investigating the function of the VcrV gene in Vibrio alginolyticus type Ⅲ secretion system. The genetic stability of ΔVcrV was detected by PCR, and the biological characteristics between the mutant and the wild type strains were compared. ΔVcrV muntat had no significant changes in growth rate and autoagglutination compared with the wild type strain, but the ability to form biofilms was reduced, and the LD₅₀ was increased by 16.5 times. The swimming and swarming motility of the mutant strain ΔVcrV were significantly enhanced, while cell adhesion was significantly reduced than the wild strain (P < 0.01). The tolerance of ΔVcrV mutant to H₂O₂ and NaCl was decreased. Compared with that of the wild type strain, the sensitivity of ΔVcrV mutant to cefuroxime, medimycin and clindamycin was increased, but to amikacin and polymxin B was decreased. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) content of ΔVcrV mutant was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and the indexes of proline, peptidoglycan, β-lactamase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase of ΔVcrV mutant were significantly increased than that of the wild type strain (P < 0.01). The biological characteristics of ΔVcrV mutant indicated that VcrV gene was involved in pathogenicity and various biological functions of V. alginolyticus type Ⅲ secretion system.
Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism* ; Fish Diseases ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism* ; Type III Secretion Systems ; Vibrio Infections ; Vibrio alginolyticus/genetics*

Adult ; Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; surgery ; Femur Head Necrosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing ; surgery

AIMTo explore the effect of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) on the skeleton in rat.

METHODSNewborn SD rats were injected by 10% MSG 4 g/kg hypodermically once every other day until the 10th day postnatally, meanwhile, the newborn rats in control group were given by equal volume of normal saline. After surviving for 200 days, 6 female rats in each group were killed and their hypothalami were made into sections (4 microm) and stained with HE. The length, diameter, weight and volume of the femora, the tibia, the humeri, the radii and the ulnae were measured.

RESULTSThe number of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus nervous cell were obviously less than those in control group as well as the length, diameter, weight, volume but the weight/volume (g/cm3) of the femora, the tibia, the humeri, the radii and the ulnae decreased significantly as compared with the control group. Levels of serum GH E2 in rats of MSG group were obviously lower than that in control group.

CONCLUSIONThe hypothalamic arcuate nucleus participated in the regulation of the growth and development of skeleton in rats.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus ; drug effects ; Bone Development ; drug effects ; Female ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium Glutamate ; adverse effects

AIMTo investigate the influence of CCE3 on bone mineral element metabolism and relative hormone in ovariectomized rats.

METHODS24 female SD rats were divided randomly into 4 groups (n = 6): (1) Normal control; (2) sham ovariectomy; (3) ovariectomy(OVX); (4) OVX + CCE3.

RESULTS(1) Ca, Mg, S, Co, Mn, Zn reduced obviously and P increased in the bone of the OVX rats. (2) E2, P, TSH, T4, CT, cortisol, GH reduced obviously and IL-6, FSH, LH increased obviously in serum of the OVX rats. (3) CCE3 corrected the changes of Ca, Mg, S, Co, Mn, Zn and P in bone as well as the changes of E2, P, TSH, T4, CT, cortisol, GH and IL-6, FSH, LH in serum of the OVX rats.

CONCLUSIONChanges of relative hormone and IL-6 induced by CCE3 are the important mechanism of the influence of CCE3 on bone mineral element metabolism in ovariectomized rats.

Animals ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Estriol ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; Osteoporosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Ovariectomy ; Quinestrol ; analogs & derivatives ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate the correlation between the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and clinicopathological features and long-term prognosis of gastric cancer patients after radical gastrectomy.Methods The clinical data of 135 gastric cancer patients who underwent radical gastrectomy in this hospital from 2002 to 2006 was analyzed retrospectively.The PNI value was calculated by serum albumin (g/L) + 5 x lymphocyte count (× 109/L).The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Youden index was used to determine the cutoff value of the PNI.Survival curves were described by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the Log-rank test.The univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with the Cox proportional hazard model to identify the prognostic factors.Result The mean PNI value was 47.3 ± 5.9.The mean values of the PNI in age (t =2.909,P =0.004),tumor size (t =2.227,P =0.028),tumor depth (t =3.314,P =0.001),negative lymph node (t =2.381,P =0.019),negative lymphovascular invasion (t =2.781,P =0.006) were significantly higher than those in patients without such factors.When the PNI was 47,the Youden index was maximal,with a sensitivity of 70％ and specificity of 63％.The mean age in high PNI group was significantly lower than that in low PNI group (x2 =6.443,P =0.011).Tumor infiltration depth in high PNI group was less than in low PNI group (x2 =7.394,P =0.007).The proportion of lymphovascular invasion in high PNI group was significantly lower than in low PNI group (x2 =4.540,P =0.033).The overall survival rate in high PNI group was higher than in low PNI group (P =0.002).The univariate and multivariate analyses showed that tumor location (OR,2.144 ; 95 ％ CI 1.239-3.712 ; P =0.006),lymph node metastasis (OR,4.887 ; 95 ％ CI 1.856-12.866 ; P =0.001),lymphovascular invasion (OR,1.842 ; 95％ CI 1.078-3.145 ; P =0.025) and the PNI value (OR,2.282 ; 95 ％ CI 1.344-3.874 ; P =0.002) were independent factors for predicting overall survival rate.Conclusions The PNI value is a simple and useful tool to predict the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.

This study investigated the interrelation between the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) and the bone variation of osteoporosis in rats. Four animal models of ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis (OVX), glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP), retinoic acid-induced osteoporosis (RAOP) and senile osteoporosis (SOP) were used to study the influence of osteoporosis on ARC. Ovariectomized rats were further treated with thymopeptide, ciclosporin and exercise respectively to detect the changes of ARC nerve cells number. The results showed that: (1) The OVX, GIOP, RAOP and SOP models were successfully established, showing osteoporosis as well as decrease of the number of ARC nerve cells; (2) Thymopeptide and exercise respectively alleviated the bone loss induced by ovariectomy, accompanied by increase of the number of ARC nerve cells, while ciclosporin further increased the bone loss of ovariectomized rats, accompanied by further decrease of the number of ARC nerve cells. These results suggest that there is a close interrelationship between ARC and osteoporosis in rat. There is a hypothalamus-pituitary-bone (HPB) axis, and HPB axis regulates the mechanism of osteoporosis in rats.
Animals ; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus ; physiopathology ; Bone and Bones ; physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Osteoporosis ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Ovariectomy ; Rats