Objective To investigate the effect of sleeve gastrectomy on the intestinal barrier of obesity rats fed with high-fat diet.Methods Thirty obesity rats fed with high-fat diet were randomly divided into three groups including common diet group (CD,n=10),sham operation group (SO,n=10) and sleeve gastrectomy group (SG,n=10).The lactulose/mannitol ratios (L/M) in 24-hour urine and endotoxin in portal vein were evaluated four weeks after surgery.The levels of tight junction proteins including claudin-1 and occludin in intestinal mucosa were analyzed by western blot.Results The body weight of SG group was significantly decreased than those of CD group (P<0.001) and SO group (P<0.001) four weeks after surgery.The L/M ratio in 24-hour urine of SG group was significantly lower than those of CD group (P<0.001) and SO group (P<0.01).The endotoxin level in portal vein of SG group was significantly lower than those of CD group (P<0.01) and SO group (P<0.05).The claudin-1 level in intestinal mucosa of SG group was significantly higher than those of CD group (P<0.001) and SO group (P<0.01) four weeks after surgery.The occludin level in intestinal mucosa of SG group was significantly higherthan those of CD group (P<0.001) and SO group (P<0.001).Conclusions Sleeve gastrectomy can reduce body weight,L/M ratio in 24-hour urine and endotoxin level in portal vein of obesity rat fed with high-fat diet and increase the levels of claudin-1 and occludin in intestinal mucosa.

The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of Shaoyao Tang on ulcerative colitis(UC) in rats via regulation of TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway. A total of 56 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal control group(double distilled water), model group(double distilled water), mesalazine group(10 mL·kg~(-1)), high dose, middle dose and low dose Shaoyao Tang groups(2.4, 1.2, and 0.6 g·mL~(-1)). After UC rat models were established by 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB)/ethanol enema, the rats received double distilled water or corresponding drugs twice a day for 7 days. After the treatment cycle, the general performance and disease activity index(DAI) of rats were observed on the next day. Then the rats were sacrificed. The length of colon was measured. Macroscopic and histological score of colon were evaluated. Histopathological changes of colon were observed by HE staining. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry detection was used to detect the content of myeloperoxidase(MPO) in blood and colon tissues. The levels of P-selectin, macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF) and thromboxane B_2(TXB_2) in blood and colon tissues were determined by ELISA. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the protein expressions of TLR4 and NF-κB in colon tissues. The results showed that as compared with the model group, Shaoyao Tang of different doses improved the general performance of UC rats. Moreover, high-dose Shaoyao Tang group showed the most obvious effect in scoring of disease activity index(P<0.001); both medium and high doses of Shaoyao Tang significantly inhibited the colon shortening and pathological injury, with significantly decreased expression levels of MPO, P-selectin, MIF and TXB_(2 )in serum and colon tissues of UC rats(P<0.001). Immunohistochemistry and Western blot assay showed that the levels of TLR4 and NF-κB protein expression in the colon tissues of Shaoyao Tang high-dose group were remarkably lower than that in the model group(P<0.001). This study shows that Shaoyao Tang has protective and repairing effects on UC, and its possible mechanism is achieved probably by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and inhibiting the expressions of MPO, P-selectin, MIF and TXB_2.
Animals ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; drug therapy ; Colon ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; metabolism

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect and immune mechanism of Baitouweng Tang on ulcerative colitis(UC) rats. Method: The mode of UC rats was made of 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)/ethanol enema. Rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, mesalazine group, and high-dose, middle-dose and low-dose Baitouweng Tang groups. The mesalazine group were administered with mesalazine (0.5 g·kg^-1). Baitouweng Tang groups were given Baitouweng Tang (10, 5, 2.5 g·kg^-1), while the other groups were given double steaming water. After 7 days of continuous administration, the general condition and disease activity index of rats in each group were observed. After anesthesia in rats, blood was taken from the abdominal aorta. Then the rats were put to death, and the length and morphological observation of the colon were measured. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry detection was used to detect the activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in blood and colon tissue. The levels of P-selectin, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and thromboxane B₂ (TXB₂) in blood and colon tissues were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Immunohistochemistry and Western blot methods were undertaken to determine the expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) proteins in colon tissue. Result: Compared with the model group, the rats in model group showed severe symptoms, such as loose stools, diarrhea and bloody stools, while Baitouweng Tang obviously ameliorated them. Moreover, Baitouweng Tang significantly reduced DAI, colon general and pathological scores, which were high in model group(P<0.01). The levels of MPO, P-selectin, MIF and TXB₂ in the serum and colon tissues of the model group were obviously increased(P<0.01), and Baitouweng Tang could reverse them. Similarly, the expressions of TLR4 and NF-κB in colons of model group were markedly higher than those in control group(P<0.01). However, Baitouweng Tang group showed lower expressions than the model group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Baitouweng Tang could inhibit TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in treatment of ulcerative colitis, and reduce the expressions of P-selectin, MPO, MIF and TXB₂, and thus promoting intestinal mucosal repair and improving intestinal function.

【Objective】 To optimize the purification conditions of heparin affinity chromatography in the purification of human coagulation factor Ⅸ by response surface method and establish the optimal chromatography process parameters. 【Methods】 The effect of sample loading temperature on purification efficiency was analyzed through single factor test. Three-factor three-level response surface method was used to optimize the chromatographic elution conditions. The Folin phenol method and the automatic hemagglutination analyzer were used to determine the total protein content and human coagulation factor Ⅸ titer, respectively. The purification effect was evaluated by activity index and process recovery rate. 【Results】 The optimized optimal chromatographic conditions were loading at 5 ℃, washing 4 CV, eluent formulation of sodium citrate 20 mmol/L, arginine hydrochloride 18.7 mmol/L, NaCl 611.6 mmol/L and pH 7.5; under this optimal setting, the recovery rate of the chromatographic process was (46.6±2.9) %, titer of factor Ⅸ rated to (68.4±4.7) IU/mL and specific activity was (62.8±3.3) IU/mg. 【Conclusion】 The optimized parameters of heparin affinity chromatography process by response surface method can produce better purification effect on human coagulation factor Ⅸ.

A mutant strain ΔVcrV was constructed by using homologous recombination method for investigating the function of the VcrV gene in Vibrio alginolyticus type Ⅲ secretion system. The genetic stability of ΔVcrV was detected by PCR, and the biological characteristics between the mutant and the wild type strains were compared. ΔVcrV muntat had no significant changes in growth rate and autoagglutination compared with the wild type strain, but the ability to form biofilms was reduced, and the LD₅₀ was increased by 16.5 times. The swimming and swarming motility of the mutant strain ΔVcrV were significantly enhanced, while cell adhesion was significantly reduced than the wild strain (P < 0.01). The tolerance of ΔVcrV mutant to H₂O₂ and NaCl was decreased. Compared with that of the wild type strain, the sensitivity of ΔVcrV mutant to cefuroxime, medimycin and clindamycin was increased, but to amikacin and polymxin B was decreased. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) content of ΔVcrV mutant was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and the indexes of proline, peptidoglycan, β-lactamase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase of ΔVcrV mutant were significantly increased than that of the wild type strain (P < 0.01). The biological characteristics of ΔVcrV mutant indicated that VcrV gene was involved in pathogenicity and various biological functions of V. alginolyticus type Ⅲ secretion system.
Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism* ; Fish Diseases ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism* ; Type III Secretion Systems ; Vibrio Infections ; Vibrio alginolyticus/genetics*

Adult ; Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; surgery ; Femur Head Necrosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing ; surgery

AIMTo investigate the influence of CCE3 on bone mineral element metabolism and relative hormone in ovariectomized rats.

METHODS24 female SD rats were divided randomly into 4 groups (n = 6): (1) Normal control; (2) sham ovariectomy; (3) ovariectomy(OVX); (4) OVX + CCE3.

RESULTS(1) Ca, Mg, S, Co, Mn, Zn reduced obviously and P increased in the bone of the OVX rats. (2) E2, P, TSH, T4, CT, cortisol, GH reduced obviously and IL-6, FSH, LH increased obviously in serum of the OVX rats. (3) CCE3 corrected the changes of Ca, Mg, S, Co, Mn, Zn and P in bone as well as the changes of E2, P, TSH, T4, CT, cortisol, GH and IL-6, FSH, LH in serum of the OVX rats.

CONCLUSIONChanges of relative hormone and IL-6 induced by CCE3 are the important mechanism of the influence of CCE3 on bone mineral element metabolism in ovariectomized rats.

Animals ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Estriol ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; Osteoporosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Ovariectomy ; Quinestrol ; analogs & derivatives ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

AIMTo explore the effect of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) on the skeleton in rat.

METHODSNewborn SD rats were injected by 10% MSG 4 g/kg hypodermically once every other day until the 10th day postnatally, meanwhile, the newborn rats in control group were given by equal volume of normal saline. After surviving for 200 days, 6 female rats in each group were killed and their hypothalami were made into sections (4 microm) and stained with HE. The length, diameter, weight and volume of the femora, the tibia, the humeri, the radii and the ulnae were measured.

RESULTSThe number of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus nervous cell were obviously less than those in control group as well as the length, diameter, weight, volume but the weight/volume (g/cm3) of the femora, the tibia, the humeri, the radii and the ulnae decreased significantly as compared with the control group. Levels of serum GH E2 in rats of MSG group were obviously lower than that in control group.

CONCLUSIONThe hypothalamic arcuate nucleus participated in the regulation of the growth and development of skeleton in rats.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus ; drug effects ; Bone Development ; drug effects ; Female ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium Glutamate ; adverse effects

Objective To explore the status,developing demands and directions of the education and training of military medical equipment.Methods The main problems of the PLA's medical equipment education and training were analyzed via being compared with those of foreign armies.According to the requirements on the campaign mode changing in the future war,the innovating mode under information-based military training,and the research and exploration of novel equipment and new technology,the developing directions in the future were ascertained.Results The interface was enhanced between new medical equipment development and educational training,and specifications were prepared for medical equipment application and maintenance.Conclutsion Exploring the pivot choke points and the developing directions will provide strategy guidance on the rapid and highly efficient elevation of military medical equipment supporting capacity.

Objective To observe the effect of preoperative oral administration of carbohydrate on blood glucose,insulin resistance(IR) and inflammatory reaction after gastrointestinal operation.Methods 48 patients receiving gastrointestinal operation were randomly divided into the study group(n =23)and the control group(n =25).Patients in the study group were orally given 25％ glucose solution 300 ml 3 hours before operation.Before anesthesia induction,gastric contents were aspirated through nasogastric tube to examine its volume and pH.Serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hsCRP),fasting blood glucose,insulin level and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) were detected before operation and on the first morning after operation between the two groups.Results No anesthesia or operation related complications occurred in either groups.Patients had similar gastric contents volume and the PH value of gastric contents.There was no significant difference in serum hsCRP,fasting blood glucose and HOMA-IR between the two groups before operation.But on the first day,fasting blood glucose,HOMA-IR and hsCRP were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group(6.51 ±1.15 vs 7.49 ±0.57 mmol/L,P =0.038;4.34 ± 1.60 vs 6.09 ±2.81,P =0.043;40.45 ± 27.02 vs 80.02 ± 38.98 mg/L,P =0.03).Conclusion Preoperative oral administration of carbohydrate can obviously lower the postoperative blood glucose level and insulin resistance and alleviate postoperative inflammatory reaction.