Objective: To investigate the potential relationship between sensory characteristics and gray matter volumes in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), to provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of children with ASD. Methods: A total of 40 ASD children who were treated or recovered in Xi an medical institutions and 16 typically developing (TD) children who were from several kindergatens in Xi an were invited for participation. Sensory characteristics were evaluated by the sensory processing and self regulation checklist, 3D structural brain images were obtained with TIWI, and gray matter volumes were analyzed by voxel based morphometry. Sensory characteristics and gray matter volumes were compared between groups and the relationship between sensory characteristics and different gray matter volumes were analyzed. Results: The scores of auditory, visual, tactile, sensory processing ability and sensory under responsivity in the ASD group were lower than those in the TD group ( Z/t =-2.63, -2.57 , -3.11, -2.19, -3.83, P <0.05). Gray matter volumes in nine brain regions increased in the ASD group compared to the TD group, including the left and right posterior inferior lobe, right parahippocamal gyrus, left insula, left media frontal gyrus, left superion occipital gyrus, right superion occipital gyrus, right superion parietal lobe, and right posterion central gyrus ( t =3.53, 3.69 , 3.37, 3.86, 3.61, 3.37, 4.04, 3.38, 3.16, P <0.01). In the ASD group, the scores of visual, vestibular, proprioceptive, sensory processing ability, sensory seeking behavior and sensory over responsivity were negatively correlated with gray matter volumes of left superior occipital gyrus ( r =-0.36, -0.40, -0.39, -0.36, -0.40, -0.36), and the scores of visual, vestibular, and sensory over responsivity were negatively correlated with gray matter volumes of the right superior parietal lobule ( r =-0.36, -0.50, -0.42)( P <0.05). Conclusion The presence of paresthesia in children with ASD is associated with gray matter volumes of the left superior occipital gyrus and right superior parietal lobule.

Objective:To deeply explore the supportive care needs of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, in order to provide reference for the development of supportive care strategies.Methods:A qualitative description was conducted based on the supportive care needs framework. Objective sampling method was used to select 17 patients with inflammatory bowel disease from the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University from August to November 2021 for semi-structured in-depth interview and directed content analysis was used to analyze the interview data.Results:The final analysis yielded a total of 5 categories. These were physiological need, information need, practical (daily life) need, emotional and social support need, psychological and spiritual needs. They were all within the framework of supporting care needs.Conclusions:In the future, targeted education and diversified social support should be implemented based on the needs of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and from the perspectives of hospital, family members and peers.

Patients' subjective feelings, that is, patient-reported outcomes, has attracted increasing attention in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) , which plays an important role in monitoring the progress of patients' disease and guiding clinical decision-making. This article reviews the current status of assessment tools and clinical applications of patient-reported outcomes in IBD patients. This article aims to help medical and nursing staff choose assessment tools suitable for IBD patients in China, standardize the development and localization process of assessment tools, promote the application and development of patient-reported outcomes of IBD patients in China, and optimize disease management of IBD patients.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic non-specific intestinal inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, which is characterized by recurrent episodes and prolonged refractory recovery. Financial toxicity refers to the objective economic burden and subjective economic distress caused by medical expenses caused by the disease to patients. IBD patients show a certain level of financial toxicity due to frequent visits to doctors for a long time. This article reviews the concept of financial toxicity, evaluation tools and the current status of financial toxicity in IBD patients, analyzes the influencing factors of financial toxicity in IBD patients from the aspects of general demography factors, disease and treatment and psychosocial aspects, summarizes and puts forward the countermeasures of toxicity of IBD patients to reduce the economic and the direction of the future study, so as to provide reference for related research.

Objective To study the clinical effects of Yinlian Qufeng decoction in the treatment of chronic urticaria (CU) and the effects on the changes of serum IgE and T cell subsets (CD4⁺, CD8⁺). Methods 96 patients were randomly divided into two groups, treatment group and control group, with 48 cases in each group. The treatment group was treated with Yinlian Qufeng decoction, while the control group was treated with desloratadine dispersible tablets for 8 weeks. The clinical symptom score, TCM syndrome score and quality of life [skin disease quality of life index (DLQI)] of the two groups were evaluated before and after treatment. The serum levels of IgE and CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ were measured by ELISA and flow cytometry. Clinical effect was observed and the rate of adverse reactions was counted. Results There was no statistically difference between two groups in clinical symptom scores, TCM syndrome scores, DLQI, the levels of IgE, CD4⁺, CD8⁺, and the ratio of CD4⁺/CD8⁺ before treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, the clinical symptoms, TCM syndromes and DLQI were reduced in both groups. The treatment group had lower scores than that in control group with statistical significance（P < 0.05). CD4⁺ level and ratio of CD4⁺/CD8⁺ were increased, while IgE and CD8⁺ levels were decreased in both groups after treatment with statistical significance (P < 0.01). The changes of above indexes in the treatment group were better than those in the control group with statistical significance (P < 0.01). The effective rates of the two groups were 91.67% and 77.08% and rates of adverse reactions were 6.25% and 20.83% separately with statistical difference (P < 0.05). Conclusion Yinlian Qufeng decoction can effectively regulate the cellular immune function, alleviate the disease symptoms and improve life quality with few adverse reactions. This decoction deserves the promotion for clinical application.

After undergoing the long-term lived experience of symptoms and suffering, chronic patients change the understanding of self and try to create or regain a coherent sense of self, resulting in different degrees of illness identity. This research reviewed the origin, connotation, assessment tools, and summarized the performance level, influencing factors and intervention studies of illness identity in patients with chronic disease. It would provide references for research of illness identity, and to provide new ideas for promoting patients with chronic diseases to cope with and manage diseases.

Objective To explore the potential categories and influencing factors of the fear of progression in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD).Methods IBD patients who received inpatient treatment in a tertiary hospital in Nanjing from July 2022 to July 2023 were selected as the study subjects by convenience sampling method.The General Demographic Information Questionnaire,the Chinese version of the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form(FoP-Q-SF),the Chinese version of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Self-efficacy Scale(IBD-SES),and Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS)were administered to the participants.We applied one-way ANOVA and Logistic regression analysis to identify the factors associated with the potential categories of the fear of progression.Results A total of 303 retumed questionnaires(out of the 310)were valid,resulting an effective response rate of 97.74％.According to the results of latent profile analysis,we classified the respondents into 3 categories by the fear of progression,namely"low risk fear of disease adaptation group"(n=127,41.91％),"medium risk fear of illness distress group"(n=139,45.88％),"high risk fear of dysfunction group"(n=37,12.21％).3 groups showed statistically significant differences in permanent address,self-rated financial pressure,current disease status and self-efficacy(P＜0.05).Conclusion Patients with IBD had obvious differences in characteristics on the fear of progression.Nursing personnel should formulate personalized intervention strategies based on the classification characteristics of the fear of progression of IBD patients.Moreover,nurses should focus on improving patients'self-efficacy and promoting patients to treat medical care,stress and emotion management correctly.

Objective:To translate the Illness Identity Questionnaire (IIQ) into Chinese and test its reliability and validity.Methods:The English version of IIQ was translated into Chinese and back-translated according to the Brislin model. The item of the Chinese version was determined after cross-cultural adaptation and pre-experiment. A total of 368 patients with IBD treated in the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University from September 2022 to March 2023 were selected for a questionnaire survey to evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.Results:The Chinese version of IIQ contained 24 items in four dimensions. Four common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 64.025%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that each fitting index of the modified model was within the acceptable range. The Cronbach's α coefficients of rejection, acceptance, engulfing, and enrichment in Chinese IIQ were respectively 0.780, 0.800, 0.921, and 0.917. The split-half reliability coefficients were 0.824, 0.818, 0.943, and 0.929; the retest reliability coefficients were 0.695, 0.667, 0.725, and 0.572, respectively.Conclusions:The Chinese version of IIQ is reliable and valid and can be used to assess illness identity in patients with chronic diseases.

Background Climbing pylons during high-voltage cable maintenance is not only a labor-intensive task, but also a challenge bringing about heat stress and mental pressure from working at height, which may lead to accumulation of muscle fatigue and work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Objective To record the local muscle fatigue during a simulated climbing task by high-voltage cable electricians based on surface electromyography (sEMG) signals, explore the characteristic changes in sEMG signals and their relationship with subjective fatigue evaluation of the task, and provide data support for developing task specific objective assessment tools for local muscle fatigue and prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Methods Ten male college students were recruited to conduct a test of a simulated pylon climbing task. The climbing distance was 60 m, and a task segment was set for every 20 m (about 100 s), recorded as T1, T2, and T3, respectively. After completing each task segment, the subjects were required to rate their subjective fatigue using the Borg's RPE Scale. Fatigue was defined by rating of perceived exertion (RPE) score ≥ 14 in this study. The sEMG signals of trapezius, erector spinae, rectus femoris, and gastrocnemius muscles were recorded wirelessly. The standardized maximal voluntary electrical activation (MVE) obtained by standardizing the root mean square (RMS) of the time domain index and the median frequency (MF) of the frequency domain index were estimated for the recorded sEMG signals, and joint amplitude and spectrum analysis (JASA) was used to evaluate local muscle fatigue of target muscles involving in the climbing task. Results The RPE scores of T1, T2, and T3 were 11.9, 15.3, and 17.4, respectively. Subjective fatigue was found in T2 and T3 but not in T1. With the extension of climbing time, the MVE values of left and right erector spinae muscles, left and right rectus femoris, and right gastrocnemius muscle increased gradually, while the MVE values of left and right trapezius muscles and left gastrocnemius muscle increased first and then decreased. The MF values of left and right rectus femoris increased at first, then remained unchanged, while the MF values of the other muscles remained basically unchanged. In T1, three muscles, including left trapezius muscle and both side of erector spinae muscles, showed fatigue; in T2, five muscles, including both sides of erector spina muscles, right trapezius muscle, and both sides of gastrocnemius muscle appeared fatigue; in T3 , except for left rectus femoris, the other seven muscles were fatigue. Conclusion The characteristic changes of electromyography signals in the simulated climbing task are not completely consistent with the typical amplitude increase and left shift of the frequency spectrum of sEMG signals in static tasks, indicating that the application of time-domain and frequency-domain analysis methods in the evaluation of muscle fatigue in climbing tasks needs further discussion. Trapezius muscles and erector spinae muscles are the first to show fatigue in the simulation, and may be the sensitive muscle groups of muscle fatigue associated with climbing movement. Compared with subjective evaluation, surface electromyography is more sensitive in the assessment of body fatigue. Fatigue is reported about 100 s of climbing (the climbing length is about 20 m).

Background Operation and maintenance work in the power grid industry often involving climbing, manual handling, and poor postures causing serious problems like work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). The influencing factors of WMSDs are not very clear, but the problem has been widely concerned in this industry. Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of WMSDs among climbing task-involved workers in power supply enterprises. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, a total of 702 workers involving climbing task from 10 power supply enterprises in Jilin Province, Tianjin Municipality, and Shandong province were selected as study subjects using cluster sampling. The Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire which was revised by Lei Yang was used to estimate the prevalence and identify related factors of WMSDs. \begin{document}$ {\chi ^2} $\end{document} test and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results A total of 702 subjects were approached, 649 valid questionnaires were recovered, and the effective recovery rate was 92.45%. The prevalence of WMSDs was 81.2%, and neck (65.0%), low back (59.0%), and shoulders (54.4%) were areas of high prevalence of WMSDs. The multiple logistic regression analysis results showed that sometimes and often/very often holding awkward postures were the risk factors of neck, shoulders, low back, knees, upper back, hands/wrists, ankles/feet, elbows, and hips/thighs WMSDs; the OR (95%CI) values were 1.931 (1.260-2.959) and 3.145 (1.810-15.465), 2.700 (1.694-4.305) and 3.888 (2.224-6.798), 1.860 (1.213-2.852) and 3.150 (1.833-5.414), 2.348 (1.456-3.785) and 3.689 (2.130-6.388), 1.782 (1.128-2.815) and 3.274 (1.935-5.538), 1.710 (1.014-2.884) and 2.595 (1.455-4.630), 1.836 (1.019-3.305) and 2.860 (1.526-5.358), 2.250 (1.185-4.275) and 3.032 (1.505-6.108), 2.080 (1.048-4.128) and 3.127 (1.501-6.516), respectively. Department staff shortage was the risk factor of neck, shoulders, low back, upper back, hands/wrists, and ankles/feet WMSDs; the OR (95%CI) values were 1.791 (1.038-3.093), 2.000 (1.119-3.573), 2.506 (1.429-4.394), 2.063 (1.113-3.822), 2.256 (1.069-4.762), and 2.699 (1.103-6.601), respectively. Frequent knee bending was the risk factor of knees, upper back, and hands/wrists WMSDs; the OR (95%CI) values were 1.895 (1.327-2.704), 1.586 (1.131-2.224), and 2.026 (1.390-2.951), respectively. Often pushing/pulling heavy objects was the risk factor of shoulders, low back, and hips/thighs WMSDs; the OR (95%CI) values were 1.485 (1.066-2.192), 1.547 (1.064-2.749), and 1.822 (1.160-2.862), respectively. Long-time heavily neck tilting forward was the risk factor of elbows and hips/thighs WMSDs; the OR (95%CI) values were 1.649 (1.068-2.546) and 2.005 (1.285-3.129) respectively. Long-time ankle or foot bending was the risk factor of ankles/feet and elbows WMSDs; the OR (95%CI) values were 2.481 (1.685-3.655) and 1.655 (1.065-2.571) respectively. Cold or changes in temperature was the risk factor of neck and shoulders WMSDs; the OR (95%CI) values were 2.182 (1.072-4.443) and 2.116 (1.010-4.431) respectively. Exercise was the protective factor of neck, shoulders, low back, upper back, and ankles/feet WMSDs; the OR (95%CI) values were 0.493 (0.363-0.666), 0.625 (0.438-0.888), 0.404 (0.283-0.576), 0.570 (0.408-0.797), and 0.639 (0.436-0.937), respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of WMSDs is high among workers involving climbing task in power supply enterprises, and neck, low back, and shoulders are the most commonly affected body parts. The influencing factors involve awkward postures, repetitive movements, repetitive tasks, pushing/pulling heavy objects, staff shortage, poor working environment, and exercise.