Objecive To discuss a denoise method of gastric impedance signal based on wavelet transform and Stein Unbiased Risk Estimation rule.Methods Firstly,the signal was decomposed by Multi-resolution Analysis(MRA).Secondly,the signal was denoised by Stein Unbiased Risk Estimation rule,whose threshold was adaptive.Results The experimentation results demonstrated that breathing and blood flowing impedance interference could be cancelled effectively by using this method.Conclusion Wavelet analysis provides a new method for further study of gastric motility signal parameter extraction.

Functional dyspepsia is a common disease in clinical service.Its etiology and pathogenesis are related to a variety of factors,and among them,gastric motility and gastrointestinal motility dysfunction are major causes.At present,diagnosis of functional dyspepsia depends maindy on the complaint of patients and no gastric motility detection method or means are effective enough to complete the diagnosis objectively.The electrical bioimpedance technique extracts information of gastric electrical activity and mechanical movement base on the recngnition of electricity-mechanism compound system and studies complicated procedure of gastric electrical activity,mechanical contraction and gastric peristalsis.The electrical bio-impedance technique has shown a promising clinical application and development prospects.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of mild renal impairment in cerebral infarction patients.Methods One hundred and fifty patients with cerebral infarction were enrolled from June 2012 to June 2013,and all patients received cranial magnetic resonance imaging at the first week.The clinical data of patients were recorded in detail,24 h microalbuminuria (mALB) was detected,renal function was assessed.According to mALB,the patients were divided into normal renal function group (105 cases) and mild renal dysfunction group (45 cases).Clinical risk factors between 2 groups were compared,and multivariate regression analysis was done.Results Age in mild renal dysfunction group was greater than that in normal renal function group [(67.04 ±9.37) years vs.(63.01 ± 11.18) years],the incidence of hypertension and multiple lacunar infarction were higher than those in normal renal function group[57.8％ (26/45) vs.33.3％ (35/105),57.8％ (26/45) vs.22.9％ (24/105)],leukoaraiosis grade was higher than that in normal renal function group,there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01).Logistic regression analysis found that hypertension (OR =1.04 1,P =0.045) and leukoaraiosis (OR =2.048,P =0.000) were independent risk factors for cerebral infarction patients with mild renal impairment.Conclusions The incidence of mild renal impairment is higher in cerebral infarction patients,and is closely related to hypertension and leukoariosis.Early detection of 24 h mALB in cerebral infarction patients has important clinical significance.

Objective To detect the gastric motility in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to explore the relationship between disorder of gastric motility in diabetes and the influential factors. Methods Sixty-five patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 30 health control subjects were collected. The gastric motility was tested with the signal processing device designed by Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications. The impedance and electrical signals were collected at the same time. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was detected by oxidation enzyme method, while microcolumn method was adopted to test HbA1c. Results In the 65 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,the occurrence of abnormal gastric motility was 53.85% , they had several symptoms, such as abdominal distension, early satiety, and belching. The percentage of dominant frequency of impedance gastrogram in diabetes group was lower than that in the normal controls (P<0. 05 ). The percentage of dominant frequency of EGG in the abnormal HbA1c group( ≥6. 5% ) was significantly lower than that in the normal HbA1c group ( P<0. 01). The percentage of bradygastria in the elderly was higher than that in young and middle-aged subjects (P<0. 05), respectively. Disorder of gastric motility was not correlated with FBG and course of disease. Conclusions The incidence of disordered gastric motility is very high in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Elderly patients and those with higher HbA1c are prone to suffer from disordered gastric motility. However, disorder in gastric motility is not correlated with FBG and duration of the illness.

Objectives To analyze and compare the clinical features of autonomic nervous mediated syncope (NMS) and pseudo psychogenic syncope (PPS) in children.Methods Clinical features were retrospectively analyzed in children with syncope complaint not caused by cardiac syncope, situation of syncope, drug-induced syncope, and neurogenic and metabolic diseases that caused brief loss of consciousness, and the clinical features of similarities and differences between NMS and PPS were compared. Results In 106 children with syncope were included, there were 85 cases (80.2%) of NMS, 13 cases (12.3%) of PPS, and 8 cases (7.5%) of unexplained syncope. PPS was induced by recent mental stimulation; the syncope was more frequent; the score of orthostatic intolerance was higher; the omen was rare; the duration of attack was longer. NMS was induced by long time standing, movement and body position change; the omen was mainly dizziness, blurred vision and gastrointestinal symptoms; the duration of attack was short (<5 min).Conclusions NMS is the most common cause of syncope in children, while PPS is an important cause of transient consciousness of non-syncope. There are similarities in clinical features between NMA and PPA and differential diagnosis is needed.

Objective In order to investigate the comlex course of electricity and mechanism of erosive gastritis(EG) and its relative factors,and to extract gastric motility feature indexes.Methods 30 volunteers of erosive gastritis were selected.The signal processing device was designed by Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications.By the means of spectrum analysis technic,the signals could be classified according to the dominant power and dominant frequency.Some indexes such as frequency of EGG and IGM,signal power spectrum and dynamic spectrum,the rates of rhythm and power for the normal EGG and IGM and so on could also be calculated.Results The power ratio in 2~4 cpm was 59.2?4.4,the frequency ratio was 70.4?25.5,the frequency instability coefficient was 0.182?0.059,and the power instability coefficient was 1.576?0.481.The parameters changed signifcantly between health adult and patient(P0.05).Conclusion The results of the experiments show that the method based on the synchronous measurement of EGG and IGM can provide a non-invasive way to investigate and evaluate erosive gastritis corresponding to gastrointestinal physiology and pathology conditions.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of atropine on cardiac autonomic nervous system.METHODS:Using the computerized analysis system developed by our laboratory,the characteristic parameters of heart period signal(HPS)in volunteers were examined before and 1 hour after administrating atropine(0.04mg iv).RESULTS:Atropine could decrease the mean heart period,standard deviation of heart period,high frequency components and total power of HPS spectra,and increase heart rate,relative power of ultra-low frequency components significantly.CONCLUSION:(1)Atropine can decrease standard deviation of heart period or heart rate,which means decreasing irregularity of heart rate.It is the basic reasons why high frequency components of HPS spectra increases,and parasympathetic nervous activity decreases,(2)Atropine can decrease the tonus of parasympathetic nerves,increase the tonus of sympathetic nerves relatively,and decrease the tonus of autonomic nervous system that reveals the decrease of the total power of HPS significantly.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of Betoloc(metoprolol)on autonomic nervous system in the heart METHODS:Using the computerized analysis system developed by our laboratory,the characteristic parameters of heart period signal(HPS)from volunteers were examined before and 3 hours after administrating Betoloc(50mg,po ) RESULTS:Betoloc could increase the mean heart period,standard deviation of heart period,high frequency components and total power of HPS'spectra,and decrease heart rate,low frequency components significantly CONCLUSION:(1)Betoloc can increase standard deviation of heart period or heart rate,which means increasing irregularity of heart rate It is the basic reason of increasing high frequency components of HPS'spectra and is also the basic reason of increasing cholinergic nervous activity;(2)Betoloc can decrease tension of sympathetic nerves,increase tension of parasympathetic nerves,and increase tension of autonomic nervous system in the heart

BACKGROUND:Bioimpedance method can be used to extract physiology and pathology information relative to the gastricmotility states,to investigate the courses of contraction,peristalsis,transmission and emptying of the stomach,to measure andevaluate gastric motility function.However,early studies mainly focused on the emptying of the stomach,and few studies onevaluation of gastric motility by extracting gastric motility information.OBJECTIVE:To understand the gastric motility from electricity-mechanism composite concept and to establish a noninvasive,convenience measurement method of gastric motility impedance.METHODS:Based on the characters of gastric motility impedance signal,a measurement method of impedance gastric motility isintroduced.Some foundation experiments about the gastric emptying measurement,the gastric motility compare between fastingand repast,the gastric motility comparison of healthy volunteers during different periods and some medicine effects on gastricmotility have carried out.The gastric motility measurement of the patients with functional dyspepsia and gastric motility evaluationfor the patients with erosive gastritis had been reported.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Using electrical bioimpedance method,according to the electrical property of the stomach tissueor the food in stomach and the change rules of the property,the physiology and pathology information relative to the gastricmotility states can be extracted,the courses of contraction,peristalsis,transmission and emptying of the stomach can beinvestigated and noninvasive measure and evaluation of gastric motility function can be realized.

Objective To explore the changes and the clinical relevance of plasma p-selectin (PS) and vascular endothelial cell function in patients with carotid stenosis (CS) before and after carotid artery stenting (CAS). Methods The plasma levels of PS, yon willebrand (vWF) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) before CAS and 1hour,6 hours,24 hours,2 months after CAS in 67 patients with carotid stenosis and 54 cases of TIA with negative result from cerebral angiography were measured. The patients of the therapy group were further divided into group A and group B according to complexity of CAS. The plasma levels of PS and vWF were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,and the level of ET-1 was measured by radioimmunoassay. Results The plasma levels of PS,vWF and ET-1 all increased in the patients group after CAS. In the therapy group,the level of PS reached peak value (29.23 ± 6.98) ng/ml 1 hour after CAS, and the levels of vWF and ET-1 reached peak value (119.63 ±16.75) %, (79.71 ± 9.78) ng/L 6 hour after CAS. In therapy group, there was significant difference in the levels of PS and ET-1 between each time points after CAS and before CAS (P＜0.05,P ＜0.01 respectively). There was significant difference in the level of vWF between 1 hour, 6 hours, 24 hours after CAS and before CAS (P ＜ 0.05 orP ＜ 0.01). There was significant difference in tihe levels of PS 1 hour after CAS and ET-1 at 6 hours after CAS (P ＜0.05) ,and in the level of vWF at 1 hour,6 hours after CAS between control group and therapy group (P ＜0.01).There was significant difference in the level of vWF at every time point after CAS (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01), and in the level of ET-1 at 1 hour,6 hours,24 hours between A group and B group(P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01). Conclusions PS, vWF and ET-1 were activated to some extent and related to pathological changes degree and complexity of CAS. Monitoring these biological indexes after CAS maybe of great value in predicting risk, evaluating clinical therapy and judging prognosis.