OBJECTIVE:To offer suggestions for domestic hospitals in the introduction of automated unit-dose dispensing equipment.METHODS:The application value and problems arose from the introduction of automated unit-dose dispensing machine were analyzed by summarizing our experience and reviewing literature.RESULTS:The use of automatic machines could avoid drug pollution and cross infection and reduce the incidence of medication errors during drug dispensing and administration.However,its application has also resulted in problems such as additional machine errors more costs and management difficulties.The introduction of the machine should be based on rational demands and proof analysis.Moreover,it is more suitable for the unit-dose dispensing in inpatient dispensary.CONCLUSIONS:Automatic drug dispensing is the trend of development.The application of new equipment can bring new problems as well as challenges,thus it is urgent to explore new management model.

OBJECTIVE:To design and apply drug purchase and distribution information system.METHODS:Using JA?VA,SOAP and MIDAS technology based on internet and intranet network,we developed drug supply chain management system by Oracle9i database and delphi7kit.RESULTS:The system including medical electronic commerce platform,digital drug stock and standard data interface software were developed.Proposals for information system of drug distribution was also introduced.CONCLUSION:Extensive application of the system will bring about notable economic as well as social profits.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a network management system needed by infusion drugs’ disposition center in hospital. METHODS: Based on “Army No. 1” hospital Information, the infusion drugs’ disposition management system was studied and developed by applying PowerBuilder 6.5 and barcode management. RESULTS: The infusion drugs’ disposition management system consisted of 2 subsystems, which have the function of printing and identifying bar code labels, automatic checking infusion drug prescriptions, conducting information exchange within the local area network and improving management efficiency of infusion drugs’ disposition and meanwhile improving drug quality. CONCLUSION: Fully understanding and optimization of the business flow-sheet are keys in the successful development and application of infusion drugs’ management system. To improve the management level, the application of new technology is essential.

OBJECTIVE: To promote automated dispensing and rational drug use in the inpatient dispensary by applying information technology.METHODS: Powerbuilder9.0 development software and bar code technology were used to build a new drug unit dose automated dispensing system based on hospital information system.RESULTS: Two sub-system programs including clinical prescription screening and transmitting function were developed,and the rational drug use examination and reporting system was build up,which enhanced the efficiency of clinical dispensing,facilitated the accurate management of the drug stock amount in the medicine box of the machine.CONCLUSIONS: To develop software by taking consideration of the developmental trend of pharmacy can better meet the demand and adapt to the changing work flow in drug dispensing.

The effect of high fat diet on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline from controlled release aminophylline tablets has been observed in six healthy volunteers. The drug was administrated in single oral doses (400mg)after an overnight fast or immediately after the consumption of a high fat breakfast in an autocontrol study. Serum theophylline levels were measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. The absorption of theophylline was markedly delayed by high fat diet with significant difference in I_(max) (3.53?0.44h vs 6.54?2.08h, p

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the differences of antibacterial agent products directory between China and America, and to provide reference for the relevant departments. METHODS:Using domestic and imported drug data released by China Food and Drug Administration(CFDA)and national drug code(NDC)issued by America Food and Drug Administration(FDA),anti-bacterial drugs of China and America were analyzed comparatively in respects of types,specification,the number of products, child-size dosage form,concentration ratio of manufacturers. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:In CFDA’s and FDA’s directory of antibacterial drugs,the number of type,specification and product were 191 and 84,460 and 1 392,23 824 and 3 139,respective-ly. The number of child-size dosage form were 51 and 26. The number of products in enterprises with the top 10 product number ac-counted for 6.29% and 33.67%. In China,the type and specification of antibacterial drugs are abundant but low. It is recommend that antibacterial drugs’approval should be examined and supervised strictly. At the same time,products already marketed should be reselected and revaluated,and price or market mechanism should be adopted to promote the survival of the fittest of antibacterial drugs.

Objective To investigate the effects ofamiodarone (AMD) on simvastatin (SV) in human liver microsomes and the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods Time-, NADPH- and concentration-dependent inhibitions were tested in HLM. The logarithm of relative inhibition values was plotted versus preincubation time (0, 5, 10, 15, 20min) for a series concentration of AMD used (0, 2, 5,25, 50 μ mol/L), and the slopes determined by linear regression. These slope values represente the observed inactivation rate constants (kobs). A double-reciprocal plot was then constructed using the reciprocal of the ko～ (y-axis) and the reciprocal of the associated inhibitor concentration (x-axis) to estimate the values ofkinact and K, which were two principal kinetic constants that were specific for mechanism-based inhibition (MBI).drug-drug interactions (DDI) potential was predicted based on in vitro data and by using the in vitro-in vivo extrapolation. Results The time-, concentration- and NADPH-dependent charactga'istics confirmed that when SV was the substrate of CYP3A4, the inhibition of AMD to CYP3A4 is MBI. Kj and kinact value were calculated to be 5.1 μ mol/L and 0.018min-1 The Clint of SV was reduced 2.96-5.63 fold when it was administrated with AMD. Conclusion Based on the results, AMD would inhibit SV metabolism via the mechanism-based manner, which would lead to DDI when they are taken together. Careful clinical observation is recommended when AMD and SV have to be simultaneously prescribed.

Objective To observe the effects of ilexonin A (IA) on IL-6 and M-CSF following ballon angioplasty in rabbit common carotide artery to provide experimental basis for percutaneous coronary interventions. Methods 30 Japanese rabbits were fed with high cholesterol food for 4 weeks. Then they were divided into three groups randomly. Each group had ten rabbits. ①Control group: the incision was sew directly after right carotide artery of the rabbit was seeked. ②Balloon dilation group:the proximal of the carotide artery was cuted,the ballon was delivered and distended,after it was drawn repeatly,the incision was closed. ③IA therapy group: operation was the same to the balloon dilation group,then IA was administered in vein.All of them were fed with high cholesterol diet for 4 weeks and the blood samples were collected 1 d before the operation and 1 d,1,2,4 weeks after the operation. The serum IL-6 and M-CSF levels were determined with radioimmunoassay.The pathological changes of injuried artery were observed. Results ①The IL-6 level in balloon dilation group was higher than that in IA therapy group after the operation (P

OBJECTIVE:To provide evidence for rational use and clinical monitoring of Alprostadil lipid-micro injection (Li-po-PGE1). METHODS:Adult inpatients receiving Lipo-PGE1 from hospital information system(HIS)of 159 hospitals were select-ed as research subject. Based on frequency statistics,population,clinical diagnosis,and average daily dose of Lipo-PGE1 were all studied. RESULTS:A total of 71687 adult inpatients were included,and the male was more than female,mostly aged 61-75. The hospitalization duration was 8-14 d(45.01%),most of patients were recovered(68.20%). Lipo-PGE1 was wildly used in the clin-ic,and was used for 871 kinds of clinical diseases in total;top 3 diseases were cerebral infarction(9.06%),non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (8.65%) and chronic ischemic heart disease (8.08%). The average daily dose of different diseases and different hospitals were significantly different,mostly≤12.5μg. CONCLUSIONS:As adjuvant drug,medical institutions and related super-vision departments should formulate reasonable monitoring index and strengthen medication guidance and evaluation of Lipo-PGE1.

Objective: To evaluate dissolution properties of 2 kinds of ambroxol hydrochloride tablets.Methods: A HPLC method was used.The column was Hypersil C 18 (10 ?m,150 mm?4.6 mm).The mobile phase was methnol water tetrahydrofuran triethylamine (71∶29∶2.5∶0.25).The wavelength of detector was 242 nm.Data were analyzed by Weibull's distribution model.Results: Both tablets dissolved rapidly and their dissolution rate reached 85% in the first 8 min.But there was significant statistic differences between the 2 tablets as for Weibull's parameters.Conclusion: Although the dissolution rate of 2 tablets is similar,there are still some differences between their dissolution parameters.The dissolution of the imported tablets is more rapid than the home made ones.