Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most common human hereditary disorder characteristic of development of bilateral multiple fluid-filled kidney cysts. Accumulated evidence has suggested that primary cilium of renal epithelial cell plays a key role in cystogenesis. In this article we will give an overview on the basic information about polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and summarize the recent progresses in studies of regulation of polycystin-1 and -2 trafficking to cilia. We will also discuss the possible role of trafficking defects of polycystins on the pathogenesis of ADPKD.

Objective: To investigate the expression of P16 protein in oral verrucous carcinoma (VC) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and to reveal its role in the occurrence and development of VC . Methods: Using streptavidin/peroxidase(SP) immunohistochemical technique(IHC) the expression of P16 protein in 41 samples, including 8 of normal mucosa (NM),13 VC,10 well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (wdSCC),10 poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (pdSCC) was studied.The average intensity score (IS) of immunohistochemical staining of the samples was calculated. Results: Weakly positive of P16 protein was obsereved in the 8 cases of NM. Positive expression was found in 10 of the 13 VC cases,8 of the 10 wdSCC and 6 of the 10 pdSCC.The IS in NM,VC, wd SCC and pdSCC was 0.4375?0.0498,1.5846?0.2681,0.9900?0.1894 and 0.8800?0.2590 respectively.The mean intensity of P16 protein in VC was higher than in wdSCC and pdSCC(P

Objective:To investigate the diagnosis and therapy approaches of carotid body tumor (CBT).Method:Retrospective study of diagnosis and treatment of 10 patients with CBT was conducted.Results:Five patients were examined by B ultrasonic technique and all were not diagnosed;eight were examined by color Doppler flow imaging, six of whom were diagnosed as with CBT;six were examined by CT, three of whom were diagnosed;three was examined by digital subtraction angiography(DSA) and all were diagnosed;two were examined by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and one was diagnosed.There was no patient died during operation.One patient died 4 days after operation because of anoxemia in brain. Pathological examination after operation confirmed the diagnosis.Conclusion:Synthetical examinations should be taken to confirm the diagnosis of CBT. Color Doppler flow imaging and DSA are significant. Selection of operation methods should be based on the practice.

Objective To investigate treatment and related prognostic factors of tongue carcinoma .Methods Clinical and patho-logical parameters of 1 171 cases of tongue carcinoma treated in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery ,School of Stomatolo-gy ,Harbin Medical University and Central South University from 2001 to 2007 were retrospective analyzed ,which included age , gender ,location ,pathological grade ,clinical TNM stages ,and treatment modality .Results After 3 to 5 year of follow-up ,survival rate of patients with tongue body carcinoma was obviously higher than that on the base of tongue .High clinical stage ,low cell dif-ferentiation degree of the postoperative patients had lower survival rate .The prognosis of patients with positive surgical margins and positive lymph node metastasis was poorer .The survival rate had no correlation with excision of mandible .When the tongue was re-stored with flaps ,the safety margins were increased to reduce recurrence .Conclusion Clinical TNM stages and surgical margin are independent prognostic factors for tongue cancer .Early diagnosis and treatment are vital to increase the survival rate of patients .

Objective:To explore leuncine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains protein 1 (LRIG1) expression in oral verrucous carcinoma(OVC) and its possible mechanism of tumor suppression.Methods:Paraffin specimens of OVC (n =15) and oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC,n =30) and corresponding adjacent normal tissues,and 15 normal mucosa tissues(NM) as control from injured patients were collected.The expression levels of LRIG1 and Bcl-2 were examined using immunohistochemical SP method.The correlation between the expression levels of LRIG1 and Bcl-2 was determined using two tailed Pearson's correlation.Results:LRIG1 was significantly lower in OVC tissue than that in NM tissue,but higher than in OSCC tissue.The expression levels of Bcl-2 in OVC were significantly higher than that in NM,but lower than in OSCC.The expression level of LRIG1 was negatively correlated with expression level of Bcl-2 in NM,OVC and OSCC tissue.Conclusion:LRIG1 may inhibit the expression of Bcl-2 and the development of OVC.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of fragile histidine triad (FHIT) and MDM2 in carcinogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). METHODS: The expression of FHIT and MDM2 was examined by immunohistochemical S-P method in 44 OSF cases, 15 canceration tissues of OSF, and 10 normal oral mucosa tissues. RESULTS: The expression of FHIT was positive in the normal oral mucosa epithelium. The positive expression of FHIT decreased in the OSF and canceration tissues of the OSF.The rate of FHIT positive expression was significantly lower in canceration tissues of OSF than that of the OSF (P < 0.05). The expression of MDM2 was negative in normal oral mucosa epithelium. The positive expression of MDM2 increased in the OSF and canceration tissues of the OSF, and the rate of MDM2 positive expression was significantly higher in the canceration tissues of OSF than that of the OSF (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The loss of FHIT and over-expression of MDM2 may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of OSF.
Acid Anhydride Hydrolases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Mouth Mucosa ; metabolism ; Mouth Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Oral Submucous Fibrosis ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective : To provide an experimental basis for predicting the sample size needed for animal experiments by studying the survival of SD rats after buccal mucosal biopsy with arecoline administered at different concentrations with different methods. Methods : In all, 48 rats were divided into 8 groups, with 6 in each group, as follows: rats in groups A-D were treated with arecoline at different concentrations (0, 0.5, 2, 8 mg/mL); rats in groups E-H were treated with arecoline at different concentrations (0, 0.5, 2, 8 mg/mL), followed by stimulation of the buccal mucosa by mechanical rubbing. After 16 weeks, a 6-mm-diameter sample of the buccal mucosa was collected, and the wound was closed with interrupted sutures. The survival time of the rats was recorded, and the relationship between the survival time and the concentration of arecoline and mechanical stimulation was analyzed. Results: No rats died during the first 16 weeks after treatment or after biopsy. The success rate of the arecoline stimulation model was 66.7%. The average observation time of all SD rats after biopsy was 42.5 days. Up to 120 days after biopsy, the cumulative survival rate in the eight groups was 50%, 33%, 17%, 0%, 33%, 17%, 0% and 0%, respectively (in alphabetical order). The cumulative survival rate in the groups administered 0 mg/mL (groups A and E), 0.5 mg/mL (groups B and F), 2 mg/mL (groups C and G), and 8 mg/mL (groups D and H) was 42%, 25%, 8% and 0%, respectively. Cox survival analysis showed that moderate and high concentrations of arecoline (2, 8 mg/mL) significantly affected the survival duration (P < 0.05), while mechanical stimulation had no significant effect on the survival duration (P > 0.05). The chi-squared test showed that the survival rate of rats showing wound healing (33.3%) was significantly higher than that of rats showing incomplete wound healing (0.0%) (P=0.003). Conclusion The success rate of the rat buccal submucosal fibrosis model was higher than moderate and high concentrations of arecoline, but the survival duration was significantly reduced after biopsy. Mechanical stimulation did not lead to a significant decrease in the survival duration, and impaired wound healing may be a cause of death in this model.

CD4 +T cells play an important role in regulating adaptive immune responses to various inflammatory responses. Parental T cell populations can differentiate in response to different cytokines into at least four subpopulations: Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells. These differentiated T cells participate in various immune responses and have different roles and functions in oral cancer and precancerous diseases. The Th1/Th2 balance, the Th17/Treg balance and the occurrence and development of oral cancer and precancerous diseases are related to immune imbalances. Reversing these T cell imbalances and strengthening the patient’s autoimmune function may prevent or even reverse the progression of oral and precancerous diseases. This paper reviews the research advances on the CD4 +T cell balance in oral cancer and precancerous lesions.

Objective : To investigate the etiology, clinical manifestations, treatment and prevention of jaw necrosis caused by arsenic trioxide to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: To analyze the clinical data and related literature of patients with jaw necrosis caused by acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with arsenic trioxide Results: We report a case of jaw necrosis caused by the use of arsenic trioxide (10 mg once a day for one month) during the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. About 20 days after treatment, the patient developed right maxillary pain accompanied by gingival redness and swelling and mucosal ulcer, 14-17 teeth had buccal and palatal alveolar bone exposed, gingival mucosa was missing, gingival tissue was damaged to the bottom of vestibular groove, and palatal soft tissue was damaged to 5-8 mm of palatal suture. Due to the unstable condition of acute promyelocytic leukemia, the patient was given conservative treatment such as oral vitamin and Kangfuxin liquid gargle to keep his mouth clean. Drug induced jaw necrosis reported in the literature can be caused by bisphosphonates. Arsenic trioxide can also cause local jaw necrosis. Clinically, it is often manifested as long-term wound nonunion, pus, alveolar bone or jaw bone exposure, dead bone formation, accompanied by pain, loose teeth, facial swelling and other symptoms. Anti inflammation, debridement and surgical removal of dead bone are commonly used treatment methods. Conclusion In clinical practice, we should be alert to drug-induced jaw necrosis and strengthen prevention.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate surgical treatment outcomes in 6 cases with tremendous neurogenic tumors in the root of neck.

METHODSNeck-chest-axil-arm "T" incision was used to remove huge tumor in the root of neck.

RESULTSThe tumors in the root of neck in 6 patients were removed successfully and no serious complication occurred. With postoperative follows-up for 2-6 years(median 4.5 years), only 1 case died due to the recurrence of lesion in vertebral canal in 11 months after surgery and the other cases survived with satisfying therapeutic outcomes.

CONCLUSIONSurgery is an effective method to remove advanced tumor in the root of neck and to improve the quality of life for the patients.