Diabetic foot ulcers are primarily due to neuropathy and/or ischemia, and frequently complicated by infection. Feet can be stratified for risk of ulceration according to the presence of neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease and deformity. Ulcer can be classified according to the Wagner Classification System to predict prognosis and the risk of amputation. The management of the foot problems differs with neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, and infections. Prevention is more emphasized than the treatment in decreasing diabetic amputation, particularly in the patients with high risk factors of foot problems.

Objective The clinical effect of Allitride as disinfectant in infective root canal of deciduous teeth was studied. Methods 40 teeth were put into the cotton thist with Allitride juice in root canals,sealed by zno for a week. FC CP were used in the contrast groups with consist of 38 teeth. Results The effect of 24 teeth in the Allitride group were excellent, 13 teeth were benign, The efficiency was 92 percent. In CP group, 8 teeth were excellent, 5 teeth were benign, The efficiency was 72 percent. 11 excellent effect and 7 benign effect were in FC group. The efficiency was 90 percent. There are significant difference between Allitrade group and GP group(P0.05). The Allitride effect have not significant relation with age, tooth position.Conclusions Allitride is a good disinfectant adapt to infective root canal of deciduous teeth.

A total of 2794 diabetic patients admitted in the PLA Hospital N. 306 from 2000 to 2004 were analyzed for their in-patients cost, based on database according to the ICD-9 code and the standard forms for the investigation of medical expenditure. The average total medical cost of these in-patients Was 6557,6887,8235,9633 and ll785 RMB Yuan (1 US Dollar=8.1 RMB Yuan) from 2000 to 2004, respectively. Comparing with that in 2000, the average medical cost for these in. patients increased 5%,26%,47% and 80% from 2001 to 2004, respectively; of which 17%,19%,47% and 96% for drugs; 5%,29%,56% and 92% for the examinations. The total medical cost, drug and examination cost increased 1.01,1.14 and 1.10 times for the diabetic patients with cerebral infarction, 1.16,1.37 and 1.12 times with hypertension, and 1.124,1.11 and 1.18 times with cholecystitis and/or gallstones, as compared with their counterparts without diabetes mellitus.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of lipids disorder in patients with diabetes and the relationship of lipids disorder with sex and hypertension.Methods Totally 2 545 diabetic patients were analyzed for their different lipids disorder based on the clinical data.Results In the group of diabetic patients,1 663 cases were found with lipids disorder (65.3%),and females and males with lipids disorder were 69.6% and 61.9% respectively (P

Objective To explore the morbidity rate and risk factors of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in type 2 diabetes. Methods The clinical data of patients, with PDR in 2739 consecutive cases of type 2 diabetes diagnosed in this hospital from 1994 to 2001 were analyed retospectively. The diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) was confirmed by ophthalmoscopy and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). Blood pressure, fasting and postprandial blood sugar, glycosylated haemoglobin(HbA1c), total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, and albumin excretion rate were measured. Results The morbidity rate of type 2 DR was 27.8%(761/2739), and the morbidity rate of PDR was 4. 2%(114/2 739) occupying 15% of the patients with DR. The duration, fasting blood sugar, glycosylated haemoglobin, blood pressure and albumin excretion rate were much higher than those in the control ( P

1.4,n=39),Group B(0.90≤ABI≤1.40,n=353)and Group C(ABI1.4 and had higher waist circumference(91.03?7.82)cm vs (87.33?8.93)cmand higher waist/hip ratio(0.95?0.06 vs 0.92?0.06),higher uric acid(273.26?108.10)?mol/L vs (225.06?75.49)?mol/Land CRP(2.60?2.69)mg/L vs(1.76?2.00)mg/Llevel,more smokers(41.0% vs 29.5%)and more hypertension(51.3% vs 35.4%),comparative with those with normal ABI,but no difference except CRP with those ABI 1.40 have more macrovascular risk factors,which is similar with those ABI

Objective To compare and analyze the metabolic control with the islet B cell function and the diabetic complications after a 3-year treatment in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods The T2DM patients were investigated who finished 3 years of treatment.The following measurements or determination was done:height,weight,waist,hips,blood pressure at standing and lying position,fasting glucose and insulin,glucose and insulin 2 h after taking food,HbA_1c,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,Cr,albuminuria and retinopathy.Results Totally 233 male and 178 female(56.53?10.33)yrs patients were analysized.The hypotensive,hypoglycemic and lipids agents were increased obviously and the number of the patients with insulin treatment increased too.HbA_1c was decreased,but no significant differences for the blood pressure and blood cholesterol,triglycerides after 3-year treatment.The fasting and post-meal insulin level,insulin resistance and the B-cell function index decreased significantly.Meanwhile,the patients with albuminuria and retinopathy increased from 15% and 26% to 23% and 33%.Conclusion Type 2 diabetic patients have not controlled the blood glucose,lipids and the blood pressure satisfactorily even if the agents for the blood sugar,lipids and blood pressure lowing are increased.Insulin resistance decreases but B cell function failure aggravates.The intensified therapy on the target should be paid more attention to.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical manifestati on and pathogen of hospital acquired low respiratory tract infection in elderly patients with diabetes.MethodsTo analyze retrospectively th e clinical data, the pathogens isolated from cultured sputum and the antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria in 85 elderly patients with diabetes.Results Bacilli in sputum were common in these patients(73 9%), including Pse udomonas aeruginosa (18 2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae(15 9%), Escherichia co li(14.8%), 14% complicated with 2 different bacilli, 6.8% with fungus. The bac illi sensitive rate to antibiotics was as high as 72.3% to Ceftazidime, 70.8% to Ofloxacin, 63 1% to Ceftriaxone, 61 5% to Cefoperazone or Cefoperazone, 60 .0% to Cefazolin, 53.8% to Piperacillin respectively. Cocci sensitive rate wa s 100% to Vancomycin. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia, severe basic diseases and dia betic complications were involved in the pathogenesis of hospital acquired low respiratory tract infection and the poor prognosis.Conclusion Hospital acquired low respiratory tract infection is common in elderly patient s with diabetes, and should be treated based on the antibiotic sensitivity of ba cteria and on metabolic control.

Objective To investigate the correlation of the prevalence of periodontitis with age and course of disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods A total of 884 patients with diabetes (both sexes,aged 35-79 yr) were involved in present study.Diagnosis of periodontitis was made according to the 1999 WHO standard,and of type 2 diabetes to the 1997 WHO standard.Age,gender,course of diabetes and periodontal state of those patients were recorded.The patients were grouped according to their age (10 yr interval) and course of disease (5 years interval).Based on the grouping,the collected data were input into ACCESS data bank and statistically analyzed with SAS software,and the prevalence of periodontitis were then compared.Results The prevalence of periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes increased with the increasing of age and with the prolonging of disease course (P

Objective To investigate the factors affecting the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese patients with diabetes. Methods Six hundred and fifty four patients with diabetes were examined comprehensively for diabetes complications and cardiovascular risk factors in a metropolitan hospital in Beijing, China. Insulin resistance and secretion were also evaluated by measurement of glucose and insulin levels before and 2h after a meal. Results were analyzed according to patient groups stratified by the number of cardiovascular risk factors coexisting with diabetes. Results Cardiovascular risk factors were common in Chinese diabetic patients. Clustering of three or more of these factors with diabetes occurred greater than that by random one factor alone and was associated with postprandial hyperinsulinemia. Patients with more risk factors were more prone to macrovascular events. Using the commonly adopted lower threshold for diagnosing obesity and central obesity in women, there were more females with multiple risk factors. But the difference disappeared if the same criteria were used for males and females. Even in the presence of diabetes, cardiovascular risk factors were inadequately controlled in most patients. Conclusion The concurrence of diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors which constitute the metabolic syndrome is a common phenomenon in urban Chinese diabetic patients. It is possibly associated with hyperinsulinemia and gender.