Nanometer materials have attracted much attention in the nanomedical field due to their unique physicochemical properties. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles have many advantages, such as non-toxicity, unique biomolecular protection, good biodegradability, and good biocompatibility. It has been widely studied as an ideal delivery system for biomacromolecules. In this review paper, the synthesis methods of calcium phosphate nanoparticles were summarized, including the conventional hydrothermal/solvothermal method and the aqueous wet chemical precipitation method. Moreover, the ways of binding calcium phosphate nanoparticles to biomacromolecule antigens were discussed from the perspectives of covalent and non-covalent binding, and their application in biomacromolecule delivery systems was described. The above review comments have important reference value for understanding the potential and application prospects of calcium phosphate nanoparticles in nanomedicine.