OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic ventriculoperitoneal shunt with temporary external drainage in the treatment of hydrocephalus.

METHODSFifty-two cases of hydrocephalus randomized into two groups to receive laparoscopic assisted ventriculoperitoneal shunt with temporary external drainage (19 male and 7 female patients) and conventional ventriculoperitoneal shunt (20 male and 6 female patients). The catheterization time in the abdominal cavity, release time of intracranial hypertension, average hospital stay, postoperative pains, and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSLaparoscopic ventriculoperitoneal shunt with temporary external drainage was performed successfully in all the cases without intraoperative conversion to open surgery. Compared with the conventional ventriculoperitoneal shunt, laparoscopic ventriculoperitoneal shunt with temporary external drainage was associated with significantly shortened catheterization time in the abdominal cavity, release time of intracranial hypertension, and average hospital stay (P<0.01) as well as lowered postoperative pain score at 4, 8, 16, and 24 h after the operation. The pain scores at 48 and 72 h postoperatively were comparable between the two groups. During the follow-up 3 months, the patients receiving laparoscopic ventriculoperitoneal shunt were found to have significantly lower rates of peritoneal end obstruction and abdominal cavity infection than those having conventional shunt (3.8% vs 19.2%, P<0.01; 1.0% vs 23.1%, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONLaparoscopic ventriculoperitoneal shunt with temporary external drainage is feasible and produces better clinical therapeutic effect for management of hydrocephalus.

Abdominal Cavity ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; surgery ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Treatment Outcome ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ; methods

OBJECTIVETo determine the initial stability of a novel construct in cadaveric cervical spine in comparison with a conventional method.

METHODSTwelve specimens of fresh human cadaveric cervical spines (C(3)-C(7)) were randomly divided into the test group and control group. In the former group, one-level corpectomy of C(5) and three cortical iliac step-cut grafting with absorbable screw fixation was performed, and one-level corpectomy of C(5) and three cortical iliac strut grafting with anterior plate fixation in the control group. Flexibility test and graft push of strength test were carried out before and after grafting and fixation to determine the range of motion (ROM), neutral zone (NZ) and graft push out strength (POS).

RESULTSThe cervical spines of the two groups all had increased initial stability in all 6 rotational degrees of freedom with also enhanced graft POS after fixation. Compared with the control group, the test group had higher stability in extension and comparable stability in flexion and axial rotation, but lower stability in lateral bending. The graft POS after fixation in the test group, however, was lowered in comparison with the control group.

CONCLUSIONStep-cut grafting and absorbable screw fixation provides sufficient stability potential for the cervical spine in vitro and allows optimum biomechanical and biological environments to enhance graft fusion and reduce complications.

Absorbable Implants ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Screws ; Bone Transplantation ; methods ; Cadaver ; Cervical Vertebrae ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Joint Instability ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Orthopedic Procedures ; instrumentation ; methods ; Spinal Fusion ; instrumentation ; methods

Objective: To investigate the effects on human peripheral blood erythrocytes of long-term occupational contact with chromate. Methods: A dynamic cohort study was conducted of chromate-exposed workers (343 cases) and non-chromate-exposed workers (73 cases) at a chromate production enterprise who were selected according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria from 2010 to 2015. Personal information and chromate exposure information were obtained by questionnaire. A generalized estimating equation was employed to analyze the effects on human peripheral blood erythrocytes of long-term occupational contact with chromate, controlling for age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption and body mass index. Results: The mean ages and working ages of those entering the cohort study were 36.67 ±6.78 and 38.47 ± 7.18, respectively, for the exposure group and 8.39 ± 6.02 and 12.86 ± 8.34, respectively, for the control group. The erythrocyte content [(4.73±0.46), (4.81±0.53), (4.41±0.45)]×10¹²/L in the peripheral blood in the chromate exposure group was lower than that [(4.76±0.42), (4.95±0.45), (4.47±0.39)]×10¹²/L in the control group for the years 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2014 (t values were 0.38, 1.96, 0.92 and 1.21; P values were 0.703, 0.051, 0.358 and 0.227, respectively). The correlations between the years 2010 and 2011, 2011 and 2012, 2012 and 2014, and 2014 and 2015 were 0.667, 0.464,-0.070 and 0.020, respectively (P<0.001). The RR for males and those that consumed alcohol were 0.661 (95% CI: 0.616-0.709) and 0.910 (95% CI: 0.811- 1.201), respectively. Compared with the control group, the risk of reduced erythrocyte levels in the peripheral blood was increased by 0.915 (95% CI: 0.852- 0.982) in the chromate-exposed group. Conclusions The erythrocyte content of peripheral blood was reduced after long-term exposure to chromate. Maleness and alcohol consumption were factors that increased the risk of reduced peripheral blood erythrocytes in the chromate-exposed population.

The ultrasound endoscopic probes with very small size transducers are normally imaging by focused ultrasound beamforming technology. So the imaging frame rate is not very high, which cannot meet the needs of some clinical applications based on high imaging rate. In recent years, plane-wave ultrafast imaging technology can obtain high image frame rate and guarantee the image quality. In this paper, a plane wave ultra-fast imaging technique based on a home-made small line array ultrasound transducer is presented. Feasibility of the method is verified by simulation estimations and phantom experiments. The results show that for the small size transducer design of plane wave ultrafast imaging, it is necessary to fully consider the combination of the array element width and the number of array elements. So that a good plane wave imaging quality can be obtained. It lays a foundation for the ultra-fast imaging of plane wave in the interventional ultrasound imaging and ultrasound endoscopy.
Phantoms, Imaging ; Transducers ; Ultrasonography ; instrumentation

OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential molecular mechanism of tetrahydropalmatine (THP) on acute myocardial ischemia (AMI). METHODS: First, the target genes of THP and AMI were collected from SymMap Database, Traditional Chinese Medicine Database and Analysis Platform, and Swiss Target Prediction, respectively. Then, the overlapping target genes between THP and AMI were evaluated for Grene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network analysis. The binding affinity between the protein and THP was assessed by molecular docking. Finally, the protective effects of THP on AMI model and oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) model of H9C2 cardiomyocyte were explored and the expression levels of target genes were detected by RT-qPCR in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS: MMP9, PPARG, PTGS2, SLC6A4, ESR1, JAK2, GSK3B, NOS2 and AR were recognized as hub genes. The KEGG enrichment analysis results revealed that the potential target genes of THP were involved in the regulation of PPAR and hormone pathways. THP improved the cardiac function, as well as alleviated myocardial cell damage. Furthermore, THP significantly decreased the RNA expression levels of MMP9, PTGS2, SLC6A4, GSK3B and ESR1 (P<0.05, P<0.01) after AMI. In vitro, THP significantly increased H9C2 cardiomyocyte viability (P<0.05, P<0.01) and inhibited the RNA expression levels of PPARG, ESR1 and AR (P<0.05, P<0.01) in OGD model. CONCLUSIONS THP could improve cardiac function and alleviate myocardial injury in AMI. The underlying mechanism may be inhibition of inflammation, the improvement of energy metabolism and the regulation of hormones.
Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; Network Pharmacology ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; PPAR gamma ; Myocardial Ischemia/genetics* ; Glucose ; RNA ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins

OBJECTIVE: To select potential molecules that can target viral spike proteins, which may potentially interrupt the interaction between the human angiotension-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and viral spike protein by virtual screening. METHODS: The three-dimensional (3D)-coordinate file of the receptor-binding domain (RBD)-ACE2 complex for searching a suitable docking pocket was firstly downloaded and prepared. Secondly, approximately 15,000 molecular candidates were prepared, including US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs from DrugBank and natural compounds from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP), for the docking process. Then, virtual screening was performed and the binding energy in Autodock Vina was calculated. Finally, the top 20 molecules with high binding energy and their Chinese medicine (CM) herb sources were listed in this paper. RESULTS: It was found that digitoxin, a cardiac glycoside in DrugBank and bisindigotin in TCMSP had the highest docking scores. Interestingly, two of the CM herbs containing the natural compounds that had relatively high binding scores, Forsythiae fructus and Isatidis radix, are components of Lianhua Qingwen (), a CM formula reportedly exerting activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-Cov-2. Moreover, raltegravir, an HIV integrase inhibitor, was found to have a relatively high binding score. CONCLUSIONS A class of compounds, which are from FDA-approved drugs and CM natural compounds, that had high binding energy with RBD of the viral spike protein. Our work provides potential candidates for other researchers to identify inhibitors to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, and highlights the importance of CM and integrative application of CM and Western medicine on treating COVID-19.
China ; Computer Simulation ; Coronavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Drug Repositioning ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Glycoproteins ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Mass Screening ; methods ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; methods ; Pandemics ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; drug effects ; Pneumonia, Viral ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Protein Binding ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration