Objective To investigate the surgical operation incision infection risk factors and nursing countermeasure. Methods From 2010 January to 2014 January in our hospital, selected 120 cases hospitalized in department of general surgery, clinical data of patients were completed, the incision infection rate used χ2test for univariate analysis, and used nonconditional Logistic for multivariate regression analysis, and the corresponding nursing measures for the relevant factors. Results A total of 120 cases were selected, a total of 11 cases of incision occurred hospital infection, infection rate was 9.17%. Age, basic disease, operation time, incision type, length of hospital stay, length of incision, incision drainage and surgical incision infection closely related (P<0.05). Above the age of 60 years (OR=6.384), had basic dis-eases (OR=5.237), operation time ≥3 h (OR=4.726), incision type Ⅲ (OR=7.153) were the risk factors for surgical op-eration incision infection. Conclusion Age, basic disease, operation time, incision type, length of hospital stay, length of incision, incision and drainage is closely related with infection in surgical operation, including older than 60 years old, have basic diseases, operation time, incision type class Ⅲ≥3 h are the risk factors for surgical operation incision infection. Surgical operation incision infection directly affects the operation quality and patient's living standards, the nursing staff should clear the risk factors causing infection of incision, at the same time take care by effective inter-vention measures on the risk factors of infection of incision surgical operation, to reduce the incidence of operation in-cision infection, so as to promote the recovery of disease.