BACKGROUND: To eliminate effectively and promptly sports fatigue and prevent excessive fatigue that are associate with the effects of training, improvement of sports results and health of athletes directly.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of acupoint iontophoresis on eliminating sports fatigue.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment was designed, in which, the athletes were taken as the objects.SETTING: Research and Teaching Room of Sport Medicine of Wuhan In stitute of Physical Education and College of Acupuncture and Massage of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.PARTICIPANTS:The experiment was performed in Wuhan Institute of Physical Education from June 2002 to June 2003. Totally 32 male athletes were selected as the objects,with similar level in training of kayak in Wuhan Institute of Physical Education. They were randomized into 5groups, named training group, training+ acupoint-dermal electric stimulation (dermal electric group), training + oral herbal administration (Chinese herb group), training + acupoint iontophoresis group (iontophoresis group)and training + Chinese herb + iontophoresis group(Chinese herb + iontophoresis group).There were 4 persons in the training control and 7 persons in the rest groups.METHODS:The experiment was performed in the training stage of large sports load in summer. The training methods were same in each group, totally for 8 weeks. ① Training group was taken as the control. ② In dermal electric group,after training,dermal electric stimulation was applied on shanzhong (CV 17), xinshu (BL 15), baihui (GV 20) and mingmen (GV 4).③ In Chinese herb group, after training, self-prepared shenwensan was applied for oral administration as decoction. ④ In iontophoresis group, after training, iontophoresis was used. ⑤ In Chinese herb + iontophoresis group,both self-prepared shenwensan and iontophoresis were applied.Trace observation of heart and lung functions were performed with subjective physical sensation scoring (before, after and on the 4th week of experiment), test of sports results,test of heart and lung functions and radioimmunoassay(RIA) (before and after experiment) in athletes.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Subjective physical sensation scoring,test of sports results,test of heart and lung functions and determination of levels of endothelin (ET) and calcitoningene-related peptide (CGRP).RESULTS:The athletes in all of groups accomplished the training and tests of every index and the results had all entered final analysis.① Subjective sensation of athletes was all improved obviously and the effect of iontophoresis was improved significantly compared with dermal electric group and Chinese herb group (P ＜ 0.05). ② The results of rowing projects were improved to different extents in each group.The improved amplitude of 12 km training in every treating group was different significantly compared with training group (P ＜ 0.05). The result of 2 km training was improved most significantly in Chinese herb + iontophoresis group (P ＜ 0.05).③ VO2max was increased in Chinese herb group,iontophoresis group and Chinese herb + iontophoresis group to different extents. Maximal respiratory quotient (Rqmax)was in tendency of increasing in every group after experiment, HR-AT was all in tendency of decreasing and it was decreased in large amplitude in Chinese herb + iontophoresis group (P ＜ 0.05). The time of exhaustive sports was prolonged in all of groups,but the effect was the most obvious in iontophoresis group. ④ Endothelin (ET) was in tendency of increasing after experiment in each group, but the increasing amplitude was the largest in training group.The calcitoningene-relatedpeptide (CGRP) was in tendency of increasing in every group, but CGRP was increased with the best result in Chinese herb + iontophoresis group and that was with the least result in training group. The difference was no significant in comparisons among groups and before and after experiment(P ＞ 0.05).It was indicated that the training load of athletes had not reach the fatigue limitation.CONCLUSION:Cardiac sports fatigue is relevant to multiple factors.Acupoint iontophoresis can protect myocardium in multiple links and layers, improve cardiac function, reduce HR-AT, increase oxygenic endurance and promote the secretion of nervous peptide ET and CGRP; retard fatigue and promote fatigue elimination so as to delay cardiac sports fatigue.

We reconstructed the erythromycin macrocyclic lactone (6-deoxyerythronolide B, 6dEB) synthesis pathway in Escherichia coli. We first cloned all the genes needed to synthesize the 6dEB into multi-gene co-expressed vectors. Then using the recognition sequences of isoschizomers Xba I/Spe I of vectors, we assembled the related genes into a series multiple-genes recombinant plasmids pBJ144, pBJ130. The recombinant plasmids pBJ144, pBJ130 were cotransformed into BAP1 to get the recombinant BAP1(pBJ144/pBJ130). SDS-PAGE analysis showed that individual genes were expressed correctly. After inducing at low temperature, adding propionate as substrate, we validated the crude product by mass spectrometry and the 6dEB yield was about 10 mg/L. These results indicated that the synthetic pathway of 6dEB was successfully assembled and reconstructed in Escherichia coli, which will greatly facilitate the reconstruction of whole erythromycin synthesis pathway and finally help to establish a stable research platform for developing of new derivatives of erythromycin and combinatorial biosynthesis of polyketide-type antibiotics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; biosynthesis ; Cloning, Molecular ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Erythromycin ; analogs & derivatives ; biosynthesis ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of a novel liver fiducial marker implantation method for internal fixation and removal of rabbit livers, in order to use in Cyberknife tracking therapy.Methods:Experiments were conducted in vivo and in vitro. In the in vivo experiment, three fiducial markers were implanted percutaneously in each liver of ten rabbits under anesthesia, and the fourth fiducial marker with an external catheter and fixed thin wire was implanted ten days later. After the reference group (the first and the second maker), and the casing group (the first and the fourth marker) were respectively registered and tracked with the Cyberknife, the implantation success rate, registration accuracy, and removal safety of fiducial markers were assessed. The tensile test was performed using liver in vitro by measuring the resistance required to dislodge the spring coil fiducial markers and the fiducial markers without spring coil from liver. Results:The intrahepatic catheter implantation and removal of fiducial marker in rabbit liver had a success rate of 100% and no distant migration. The operation-related and postoperative complications were not occurred. All fiducial markers were successfully traced. Compared to the reference group, the casing group had slightly higher translational errors in supero-inferior and antero-posterior directions ( Z=-11.77, -4.57, P<0.05), and lower translational errors in left-right direction ( Z=-2.52, P<0.05). The dislodgement forces for spring coil fiducial markers was (2.23±0.85) N, significantly different with (0.81±0.13) N for fiducial markers without spring coil ( Z=- 2.31, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The spiral coil structure provides superior fixation in the punctured needle channel, the thin line limits the distant displacement of the fiducial marker outside the liver, and the catheter establishes a channel for the removal. The general operation is simple and easy.