Delayed wound healing of diabetic cornea may be associated with the activation of MAPK signal pathway,impaired signal transduction of TGF-? signal pathway,abnormal expression of genes related to insulin signal pathway and reduced expression of insulin receptor.In addition,the activation of NF-?b and cytochrome C signal pathway also has harmful influence on delayed wound healing.This paper reviews research progress about signal pathway of delayed wound healing in diabetic cornea.

Objective To investigate the effects of midazolam on extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1),ERK2 and cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in hippocampal in rats.Methods Eighty male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 40) : group control (group C) and group midazolam (group M).The animals underwent a continuous multi-trial inhibitory avoidance training .The times of trial needed for each animal to attain the learning criterion ( 100 s) were recorded.Each animal was given intraperitoneal midazolam 3 mg/kg or normal saline 2 ml/kg at 15 min before training.The memory retention was tested at 0.5,1,2 and 24 h (n = 8,at each time point)after the training session and the memory latency was recorded.The animals were sacrificed 15 min after administration (T0) and after the memory testing (T1-4) and hippocampns was obtained for determination of phosphorylated ERK1 (p-ERK1),p-ERK2 and p-CREB expression.Results Compared with group C,the times of trial to attain the learning criterion were significantly increased,memory latency shortened at T2-4,ERK1 phosphorylation decreased at T0,3.4 while ERK2 and CREB phosphorylation decreased at T0-4.Conclusion Midazolam can inhibit ERK1,ERK2 and CREB phosphorylation in hippocampal in rats.

Wilson’s disease is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism. The resultant accumulation of copper primarily damages the liver and brain, resulting in hepatic, neurological and psychiatric symptoms. There have been many recent studies advancing the understanding of Wilson’s disease in Asia. There are indications that the incidence of Wilson’s disease in parts of Asia may be relatively high. Many genetic studies have identifi ed various hot spots in theATP7B gene in a variety of the Asian populations. Screening of these hotspot mutations may thus be useful in confi rming the diagnosis. Despite the advances in treatment, lack of familiarity by the health care profession resulting in late diagnosis, and poor access to treatment particularly among those from the developing economies remain areas of major concern.

The incidence, mortality and survivorship of female breast cancer in China, and the distribution of its several key characteristics were described brielfy in this article. The breast cancer incidence and mortality rates among Chinese women were increasing rapidly, especially in rural area during the recent 10 years, though they were still in low level worldwidely. The distribution of breast cancer incidence and mortality among Chinese women by age and district were showing signiifcant characters. The total survival rate was estimated to be closed to the average level of developing countries, while disparity between urban and rural area was recognized. Because of lacking population data, it is dififcult to describe the characteristics on histological subtypes, stages on diagnosis and molecular subtypes nationwide. The national strategies on breast cancer prevention and control should be focused on disease surveillance, etiological research and survival study. Moreover, measurement should be taken to improve the capacity on breast cancer prevention, screening and clinical services in rural area, in order to narrow the gap of survivorship between urban and rural area and control the rapid increase of mortality in rural area.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the knowledge about hand hygiene among the outpatients and then take some valid methods to enhance their understanding about hand hygiene.METHODS By randomly asking patients from two departments in a level A of the tertiary hospital,one was a digestion and the other was a non-digestion department question designed by ourselves.The data were generally described by percentage and ?2 test with SPSS 6.0.RESULTS All the patients had not enough and correct hand hygiene knowledge from both two groups.The patients from digestion department paid more attention on their hand hygiene than from non-digestion one.The most patients from both two groups thought they needed to know more about hand hygiene and hospital should equipped with some fast hands cleaning instruments.CONCLUSIONS It is a very important duty for nurses to explain and publicize more about general hygiene and show patients how to clean their hands in order to decrease hospital infection.

Objective To investigate the effect of HO-1 on acute rejection after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in rats. Methods Taking dark agouti (DA) rats as donors and Lewis rats as recipients, OLT was performed. Before OLT, the DA rats and Lewis rats were matched in pairs, and divided into control group, ZnPP group and CoPP group, the paired rats of which intraperitoneally received normal saline, 20 mg/kg ZnPP and 5 mg/kg CoPP respectively 24 h before OLT. Ten pairs of rats were in each group. On day 3 or 7 after OLT, recipient rats were killed, then blood sample and liver specimen were collected. Plasm levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBIL), albumin (ALB) were measured; HE staining and MPO staining were performed; The expression of HO-1 was detected by the fluorence real time RT-PCR. Results On day 3 and 7 after OLT, AST, ALT and TBIL showed significant statistical significance among the three groups; ALB was highest in CoPP group, then in control group, lowest in ZnPP group. On day 3 after OLT, control group had acute rejection of degree one to degree two, ZnPP group had acute rejection of degree two; CoPP group mainly had acute rejection of degree one; On day 7 after OLT, control group mainly had acute rejection of degree two; ZnPP group had acute rejection of degree two to degree three; CoPP group had acute rejection of degree one to two. The expression of HO-1 was highest in CoPP group, then control group, and lowest in ZnPP group. Conclusion The expression of HO-1 in OLT with acute rejection in rats can palliate the acute rejection.

Objective To investigate diagnostic value of ectopic pregnancy by transvaginal sonography (TVCDS) combining with detection of blood β-human chorionie gonadotropin(β-HCG) and progesterone(P) level. Methods 96 ectopic pregnancy patients were exahined by TVCDS,and detected β-HCG and P in the same day or next day,every two days or several days reexamination of β-HCG and P were given to the hospitalization patients. Re-suits 96 ectopic pregnancy patients including massive type 76(79.1%) ,diameter (47.6±18.4) mm;embryo sac type 20(20.9%) ,showed embryo sac structure in ectopic pregnancy area,saw pulsation in saccus vitellinus and fetus vascular color,diameter (12.86±6.85)mm. 94(97.9%) displayed Doppler signals in ectopic pregnancy area, and 89(92.7%)cases were detected low resistivity nutrient artery flow spectrum by PW, the PI average value was (0.46±0.03).96 ectopic pregnancy patients' blood β-HCG and P level were significant low(P<0.01). Conclusion TVCDS combining with detection of β-HCG and P can raise early diagnosis level of ectopie pregnancy.

Objective To observe the effects of intensive insulin therapy on C-reactive protein (CRP) ,interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α ) in the patients of critical illness complicated with hyperglycemia and its incidence of side effect. Methods Two hundred and nine patients of critical illness complicated with hyperglycemia were randomly divided into intensive insulin therapy group (106 patients,blood glucose maintained at a level of 4.4-6.1 mmol/L) and conventional insulin therapy group ( 103 patients, blood glucose maintained at a level of 9.0-11.1 mmol/L). Serum levels of CRP,TNF- α and IL-6 were determined on 0,24,48,72 h respectively after ICU admission. Results The levels of blood glucose of both groups reached the target level. The incidence rates of the hypoglycemia had no significant difference between two groups [6.60 % (7/106) vs. 4.76% ( 3/63 ),P > 0.05]. After 72 h treatment, serum level of CRP in intensive insulin therapy group was significantly lower than that in conventional insulin therapy group (P < 0.05 ). After 24,48 and 72 h treatment, serum level of IL-6 in intensive insulin therapy group was significantly lower than that in conventional insulin therapy group (P < 0.05 ). After 48 and 72 h treatment, serum level of TNF-αin intensive insulin therapy group was significantly lower than that in conventional insulin therapy group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Intensive insulin therapy can significantly decrease the levels of non-specific inflammatory factors in patients of critical illness complicated with hyperglycemia, which brings beneficial effect to the patients.

Objective:To study attachment and proliferation of human periodontal ligment cells(HPDLCs) on demineralized root surface of teeth with periodontitis following EDTA gel application. Methods:44 single-rooted teeth extracted because of severe periodontitis were treated by scaling and root planing(SRP). Then the fragments(5 mm?4 mm) of experimental surfaces were prepared. The fragments were randomly divided into four groups.The root surfaces in group 1,2,3 and 4 were treated by 240 g/L of EDTA gel for 2,3 and 4 min respectively or without treatment(control). Then 1?104 cells were seeded on the surface of each fragment and routinely cultured for 1,3 and 5 days respectively after seeding, the specimens were prepared for microscopic observasion, the cells on the root surfaces were counted. Moreover the other eight fragments were prepared for SEM observasion. Results:HPDLCs attached to and proliferated on all treated surfaces.Group 1, 2 and 3 presented significantly more cells on the root surfaces than the control group did at day 1,3 and 5. The cells on the root surfaces in group 2 and 3 were more than those in group 1 at day 1, 3 and 5. There was no evident difference between group 2 and 3 at any time. The root surfaces in group 2 and 3 had a fibrillar texture associated with an increased diameter of the exposed dentinal tubule openings.Smear layer were observed on root surfaces in group 1. Conclusion:EDTA gel(at 240 g/L) application may enhance attachment and proliferation on root surface of HPDLCs.