Objective To investigate the effects of midazolam on extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1),ERK2 and cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in hippocampal in rats.Methods Eighty male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 40) : group control (group C) and group midazolam (group M).The animals underwent a continuous multi-trial inhibitory avoidance training .The times of trial needed for each animal to attain the learning criterion ( 100 s) were recorded.Each animal was given intraperitoneal midazolam 3 mg/kg or normal saline 2 ml/kg at 15 min before training.The memory retention was tested at 0.5,1,2 and 24 h (n = 8,at each time point)after the training session and the memory latency was recorded.The animals were sacrificed 15 min after administration (T0) and after the memory testing (T1-4) and hippocampns was obtained for determination of phosphorylated ERK1 (p-ERK1),p-ERK2 and p-CREB expression.Results Compared with group C,the times of trial to attain the learning criterion were significantly increased,memory latency shortened at T2-4,ERK1 phosphorylation decreased at T0,3.4 while ERK2 and CREB phosphorylation decreased at T0-4.Conclusion Midazolam can inhibit ERK1,ERK2 and CREB phosphorylation in hippocampal in rats.

Delayed wound healing of diabetic cornea may be associated with the activation of MAPK signal pathway,impaired signal transduction of TGF-? signal pathway,abnormal expression of genes related to insulin signal pathway and reduced expression of insulin receptor.In addition,the activation of NF-?b and cytochrome C signal pathway also has harmful influence on delayed wound healing.This paper reviews research progress about signal pathway of delayed wound healing in diabetic cornea.

Wilson’s disease is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism. The resultant accumulation of copper primarily damages the liver and brain, resulting in hepatic, neurological and psychiatric symptoms. There have been many recent studies advancing the understanding of Wilson’s disease in Asia. There are indications that the incidence of Wilson’s disease in parts of Asia may be relatively high. Many genetic studies have identifi ed various hot spots in theATP7B gene in a variety of the Asian populations. Screening of these hotspot mutations may thus be useful in confi rming the diagnosis. Despite the advances in treatment, lack of familiarity by the health care profession resulting in late diagnosis, and poor access to treatment particularly among those from the developing economies remain areas of major concern.

Objective:To optimize the extraction parameters for the water extract of Tangganjian concentrated pills .Methods:U-sing the content of paeoniflorin and extraction yield as the evaluation indices .An HPLC was used to determine the content of peoniflorin in the extract, and the chromatographic conditions were as follows: a WondaSil C18 chromatographic column (250 mm ×4.6 mm, 5μm), the mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1%phosphoric acid solution (16∶84) with a flow rate of 1 ml· min-1, the column tem-perature was 30℃and the detection wavelength was 230 nm.The amount of water , extraction time and extraction times were regarded as the influencing factors ,an orthogonal design was adopted to develop the analysis of variance for extraction parameters for water ex -tract.Results:The optimal extraction process was as follows:adding 12-fold amount of water and extracting 3 times with 1 h for each time.Conclusion:The optimum extraction process is reasonable , stable and feasible, which provides experimental basis for the extrac-tion process of Tangganjian concentrated pills .

Objective:To study attachment and proliferation of human periodontal ligment cells(HPDLCs) on demineralized root surface of teeth with periodontitis following EDTA gel application. Methods:44 single-rooted teeth extracted because of severe periodontitis were treated by scaling and root planing(SRP). Then the fragments(5 mm?4 mm) of experimental surfaces were prepared. The fragments were randomly divided into four groups.The root surfaces in group 1,2,3 and 4 were treated by 240 g/L of EDTA gel for 2,3 and 4 min respectively or without treatment(control). Then 1?104 cells were seeded on the surface of each fragment and routinely cultured for 1,3 and 5 days respectively after seeding, the specimens were prepared for microscopic observasion, the cells on the root surfaces were counted. Moreover the other eight fragments were prepared for SEM observasion. Results:HPDLCs attached to and proliferated on all treated surfaces.Group 1, 2 and 3 presented significantly more cells on the root surfaces than the control group did at day 1,3 and 5. The cells on the root surfaces in group 2 and 3 were more than those in group 1 at day 1, 3 and 5. There was no evident difference between group 2 and 3 at any time. The root surfaces in group 2 and 3 had a fibrillar texture associated with an increased diameter of the exposed dentinal tubule openings.Smear layer were observed on root surfaces in group 1. Conclusion:EDTA gel(at 240 g/L) application may enhance attachment and proliferation on root surface of HPDLCs.

Objective To establish a polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method to amplify DNA of M.leprae from fixed and paraffin－ embedded tissue(FPET). Methods The DNA of M.leprae was released from FPET by using Texpat Kit and purified with 100％ alcohol. The primers RPOT(1) and RPUT(2) were used to conduct the PCR. Results A total of 32 samples were examined. Out of 32 samples with BI of more than 1＋ , 28 were positive for PCR. The PCR was negative in a sample with BI=0. The sensitivity of PCR reached a level of 0.04 pg DNA. Conclusion This PCR method is very useful for amplifying the DNA of M.leprae from FPET.

Objective To investigate the effects of antisense phosphothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODNs) W086 on drug-resistant gene CTX-M expression in Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases(ESBLs).Methods AS-ODNs liposome was introduced into the purpose bacteria B052.The total colony forming unit(CFU) was counted.The bacteria growth curve was drawn by microplate reader.The inhibition effects of AS-ODNs on the expressions of drug-resistant gene CTX-M were observed by RT-PCR in B052.The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)was determined by fluid dilution method.Results significant growth inhibition of cells treated with W086 was observed as compared with those in cells in control treated bacteria.The number of B052 colonies significantly decreased in all W086 treated groups in a concentration dependent manner (P ＜ 0.05),while CFU of B052 was not influenced in simple liposome group,simple W086 group and controlled chain group.The expression of CTX-M was selectively inhibited.Conclusion Efficiently and specificly blocking expression of CTX-M mRNA,AS-ODNs reverses the multiple drug resistance of B052.It indicates that AS-ODNs provides a new viable strategy to reverse antibiotic resistance problem.

Objective To describe the mastery of knowledge about antihypertensive drugs of clinical nurses in one tertiary comprehensive hospital of Beijing.Methods Purposive sampling was used to recruit 195 clinical nurses who were working in one tertiary comprehensive hospital in Beijing.The demographic questionnaire,knowledge of antihypertensive drugs questionnaire were filled.Results The score of knowledge of antihypertensive drugs Questionnaire was (45.63 ± 3.79) points;different education,wishes to take part in hypertension related knowledge training had significant differences (t =2.007,2.049,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Knowledge of antihypertensive drugs of clinical nurses in Beijing was at medium level.Those who indicated that it was not matter whether to attend hypertension related knowledge training and had low level of education had more problems in knowledge of antihypertensive drugs.

The incidence, mortality and survivorship of female breast cancer in China, and the distribution of its several key characteristics were described brielfy in this article. The breast cancer incidence and mortality rates among Chinese women were increasing rapidly, especially in rural area during the recent 10 years, though they were still in low level worldwidely. The distribution of breast cancer incidence and mortality among Chinese women by age and district were showing signiifcant characters. The total survival rate was estimated to be closed to the average level of developing countries, while disparity between urban and rural area was recognized. Because of lacking population data, it is dififcult to describe the characteristics on histological subtypes, stages on diagnosis and molecular subtypes nationwide. The national strategies on breast cancer prevention and control should be focused on disease surveillance, etiological research and survival study. Moreover, measurement should be taken to improve the capacity on breast cancer prevention, screening and clinical services in rural area, in order to narrow the gap of survivorship between urban and rural area and control the rapid increase of mortality in rural area.