50 tracheotomy patients with mechanical breathing were performed respiratory tract control for suitable breathing. Result 5 patients recovered and had spontaneously breathing without respirator in 3~5days, then the trachea cannulas were pulled out in 1~2 weeks. Conclusion effective respiratory tract control may enhance the curative rate and improve patients' life quality.

BACKGROUND: Naomaitong injection is a Chinese herbal compound preparation for treatment of ischemic cerebral vascular disease, acting on resisting calcium overload, regulating the imbalance between thromboxane (TXA) and prostaglandin (PG) and blocking lipid peroxidation mediated by free radical so as to protect cerebrum.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of naomaitong injection on water and Ca2+ contents, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), levels of lipid peroxide (LPO), 6-keto-PG lα and TXA, and compare it with danshen injection.DESIGN: Randomized control experiment was designed.SETTING: Experimental Center of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Experimental Center of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from October 1997 to February 1998, in which, 72 healthy male Wistar rats were employed, rangroup: Abdominal injection was done with physiological saline 1.67 mL/kg,group): Abdominal injection was done with compound danshen injection groups (naomaitong No.1, No.2 and No.3 groups): abdominal injection was done with naomaitong injection 3.33, 1.67, 0.84 mL/kg successively,twice/day.METHODS: Totally 48 hours after medication, under anesthetized state,the rats in every group were sacrificed to collect brain tissue. The two hemispheres were cut into two pieces from the middle. One of them was prepared into brain tissue homogenate at low temperature. Radioimmunologic analysis method was used to measure 6-keto-PG 1o and TXA B2 levels so as to evaluate the balance between PG and TXA systems. The modified pyorgallol autoxidation and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) colorimetric method were applied to determine SOD activity and LPO level respectively so as to evaluate lipid peroxidation mediated by free radical. The dry and wet weights of other piece were weighed immediately on electronic scale and the water content of brain tissue was calculated to evaluate brain edema. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) was used to determine Ca2+content in brain tissue so as to evaluate calcium overload.tissue of rats in every group.content in brain tissue of rats in every group: That in model group was higher remarkably than normal group [(82.27±1.32)%, (77.24±1.36)%;(267.47±15.69), (37.55±13.23) μg/g, P ＜ 0.01]. The water contents in 4 treatment groups were decreased of various degrees. The effect in No.1 group was the strongest [(78.74±1.41)%] and that in danshen group was the weakest [(81.45±1.52)%]. Ca2+ content in danshen group was decreased of various degrees, indicating dose-effect dependence, but, which was near to ty and LPO level in brain tissue of rats in every group: SOD activity in model group was lower remarkably than normal group [(86.18 ±3.17),(131.86±4.67) μkat/g, P ＜ 0.01]. After treated with naomaitong of 3 dosages, that was all improved, indicating dose-effect dependence (P ＜ 0.01). The effect of No.1 group was the strongest [(119.02±4.00) μkat/g],SOD activity in danshen group was near to model group (P ＞ 0.05). LPO level in model group was higher than normal group [(52.46 ±3.25),(32.29±2.23) μmol/L, P ＜ 0.01]. LPO level of every treatment group was lower significantly than model group and the therapeutic effects of No. 1, 2,3 groups were superior to danshen group [(35.68±2.86), (41.54±2.47),1α and TXA B2 in brain tissue of rats in every group: Content of 6-ketoPG 1α in brain tissue of model group was lower remarkably than normal group (P ＜ 0.01). That was improved in all of 4 treatment groups, in which,the therapeutic effects of No.1, 2, 3 groups were superior to danshen group [(43.84±2.98), (35.01±4.32), (29.97±3.81), (22.89±3.64) ng/g, P ＜ 0.01].TXA B2 content in brain tissue of model group was higher remarkably than normal group (P ＜ 0.01). After treatment, the 4 treatment groups lowed significantly TXA B2 content in brain tissue compared with model group,indicating dose difference. That in danshen group was lower than No. 1, 2,3 groups [(40.58±1.34), (32.85±1.43), (34.31±1.39), (37.27±1.52) ng/g, P ＜0.01].CONCLUSION: Naomaitong injection alleviates brain edema, resists calcium ion, regulates imbalance between TXA and PG systems, improves activity of anti-oxidase and is against injury of free radical so as to protect the structure of brain tissue and achieve therapeutic effects, indicating a certain dose-effect relationship. The effect of naomaitong injection is superior to that of compound danshen injection.

Objective Multicystic renal cell carcinoma(MCRCC)appears to be a distinct subtype of renal cell carcinoma with characteristic gross and microscopic features.To explore the clinical and pathological features of MCRCC in order to find out its difference from renal clear cell carcinoma undergoing cystic change(RCCCC),and to propose prognosis criteria for therapeutic modalities.Methods From 1999 to 2003 32 patients were identified to have renal carcinoma,and they received radical or partial nephrectomy in the authors' institution.The pathological diagnosis was either MCRCC(n=21)or renal cell carcinoma associated with features of cystic changes(n=11).All specimens were reviewed histologically by two independent pathologists.The clinicopathologic and follow-up prognosis data on MCRCC and RCCCC were collected for study.Results 21 patients with MCRCC were 17 men and 4 women.The mean age at the time of surgery was 49 years(range 37 to 67 years).15 MCRCC patients with follow-up data were still alive with a mean follow-up time of 61 months(ranged 31 to 73)and no evidence of recurrence and metastasis was discovered.The mean survival time for 7 of the 11 patients with RCC was 32 months(ranged 18 to 63).There was significant difference in survival time between the two groups(P

Objective To understand the application status of physical assessment in clinical nurses. Methods Using self-designed physical assessment skills questionnaire to investigate nurses in six provinces of China, 1115 questionnaires were valid. Results There were 171 items in this questionnaire,4.0% of them were used regularly, 19.3% used frequently, 76.7% used occasionally. The result of Spearman correlation showed that there was positive correlation between the frequency of physical assessment skills and the subjective needs of nurses, regional, educational background, hospital level. There was also negative correlation with title, age and seniority. Conclusions The main factors lead to imbalance development of physical assessment skills are regional, hospital-level and education background; the assessment skills of specialist hospitals and wards need to be standardized immediately.

Objective To understand the subjective perception and influential factors of physical assessment technique in clinical nurses. Methods Using self-designed physical assessment skills questionnaire to investigate nurses in the six provinces of China, 1115 questionnaires were valid. Results There were 11 items in this questionnaire. The first four were: physical assessment is an essential skill of nurses (88.1%),the importance of continuous learning (84.8%), lack of maturity assessment tools (79.8%), heavy workload,lack of time (60.8%). The result of multiple regression analysis (stepwise) showed that hospital-level and regional were the main factors affecting the subjective perception. Conclusions The development of physical assessment reies mainly on rational allocation of human resources structure, establishing the physical assessment framework, and make sure different departments have their own characteristics and the importance of continuing education.

Objective To study the changes in number and function of peripheral blood T helper cell 17(Th17) in acute urticaria patients .Methods The percentages of Th17 in peripheral blood from 50 acute urticaria patients and 50 healthy persons were ana‐lyzed by immunofluorescence staining and bicolor flow cytometry (FCM ) in vitro .Retinoic acid‐related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt) mRNA from the same research objects were detected by quantitative realtime PCR (qPCR) method .Peripheral blood transforming growth factor‐β(TGF‐β) ,interleukin(IL)‐6 ,IL‐17A and IL‐17F were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from the same research objects .Results The quantity of percentages of Th17(t= 36 .634 1 ,P< 0 .05) and levels of RORγt mRNA(t=23 .840 1 ,P<0 .05) in urticaria patients were higher than those in healthy persons obviously .Meanwhile ,the levels of TGF‐β(t=15 .521 1 ,P<0 .05) ,IL‐6(t=7 .247 3 ,P<0 .05) ,IL‐17A(t=15 .415 3 ,P<0 .05) and IL‐17F(t=13 .032 1 , P<0 .05) in urticaria patients were higher than those in healthy persons significantly .Conclusion Dysfunction of Th17 in periph‐eral blood may involve in the immunopathogenesis of acute urticaria .

Kallikrein-kinin system consists of kininogen , kallikrein, bradykinin and kinin .Kinins, derived from kininogen by tissue kallikrein , play their biological effects via bradykinin 1/2 receptors or protease activated receptors .Existing researches suggest that kinins exert various effects through different intracellular and mitochondrial signal pathways such as MAPK , PI3K/Akt/GSK3 be-ta, NO, JAKs/STATs.This review aims to elucidate the roles and the intracellular signal pathways of KKS in different diseases .

In this paper, the authors analyzed the current problems in domestic hospital nursing human re-source such as widespread erosion, nursing staff slack and others. From the characteristics of nursing ethics and be-havior dynamic analysis, suggest to establish a focus on the humanities concern nursing ethics culture of the people-oriented, fundamentally effectively motivate nurses, specific include: respecting nurses and ethical personality differences;to establish a trust mechanism for nursing staff;meet the needs of nursing staff learning;to establish a nursing staff self management team, thus improve hospital nursing ethics management work, for the nursing staff to provide a stable and efficient working and living environment.

Objective To study safety and values of laparoscopic surgery in the management of gynecological diseases in senile women.Methods Clinical data between 27 cases of laparoscope surgery(Laparoscopic Group) and 25 cases of open surgery(Open Group) from January 2001 to December 2006 were retrospectively compared.Results The operation time in the Laparoscopic Group(20.0?7.9) min was significantly shorter than that in the Open Group(44.0?7.2) min(t=-11.419,P=0.000);the blood loss in the Laparoscopic Group(21.9?20.0)ml was distinctively less than that in the Open Group(62.6?29.4)ml(t=-5.875,P=0.000);the postoperative pyrexia in the Laparoscopic Group(3 cases) was significantly less than that in the Open Group(12 cases)(?2=8.606,P=0.001);the time to first flatus in the Laparoscope Group(13.9?2.9)h was significantly shorter than that in the Open Group(23.4?4.3)h(t=-9.404,P=0.000);hospital stay in the Laparoscope Group(7.6?0.9) d was significantly shorter than that in the Open Group(10.2?1.2) d(t=-8.882,P=0.000).Conclusions On the basis of intensive treatment of preoperative complications and perioperative monitoring,laparoscopic surgery is an ideal procedure for benign gynecological diseases in senile women.

Malnutrition is a common problem in cancer and cancer cachexia is always present in advanced stage,which is responsible for poor prognosis.The mechanism of malnutrition and cancer cachexia has not been well understood.The major metabolism is change of glucose composing rate,glocongenesis and glycolysis to lactate increased,fat mobilization and oxidation accelerated and protein synthesis decreased.