50 tracheotomy patients with mechanical breathing were performed respiratory tract control for suitable breathing. Result 5 patients recovered and had spontaneously breathing without respirator in 3~5days, then the trachea cannulas were pulled out in 1~2 weeks. Conclusion effective respiratory tract control may enhance the curative rate and improve patients' life quality.

BACKGROUND: Naomaitong injection is a Chinese herbal compound preparation for treatment of ischemic cerebral vascular disease, acting on resisting calcium overload, regulating the imbalance between thromboxane (TXA) and prostaglandin (PG) and blocking lipid peroxidation mediated by free radical so as to protect cerebrum.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of naomaitong injection on water and Ca2+ contents, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), levels of lipid peroxide (LPO), 6-keto-PG lα and TXA, and compare it with danshen injection.DESIGN: Randomized control experiment was designed.SETTING: Experimental Center of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Experimental Center of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from October 1997 to February 1998, in which, 72 healthy male Wistar rats were employed, rangroup: Abdominal injection was done with physiological saline 1.67 mL/kg,group): Abdominal injection was done with compound danshen injection groups (naomaitong No.1, No.2 and No.3 groups): abdominal injection was done with naomaitong injection 3.33, 1.67, 0.84 mL/kg successively,twice/day.METHODS: Totally 48 hours after medication, under anesthetized state,the rats in every group were sacrificed to collect brain tissue. The two hemispheres were cut into two pieces from the middle. One of them was prepared into brain tissue homogenate at low temperature. Radioimmunologic analysis method was used to measure 6-keto-PG 1o and TXA B2 levels so as to evaluate the balance between PG and TXA systems. The modified pyorgallol autoxidation and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) colorimetric method were applied to determine SOD activity and LPO level respectively so as to evaluate lipid peroxidation mediated by free radical. The dry and wet weights of other piece were weighed immediately on electronic scale and the water content of brain tissue was calculated to evaluate brain edema. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) was used to determine Ca2+content in brain tissue so as to evaluate calcium overload.tissue of rats in every group.content in brain tissue of rats in every group: That in model group was higher remarkably than normal group [(82.27±1.32)%, (77.24±1.36)%;(267.47±15.69), (37.55±13.23) μg/g, P ＜ 0.01]. The water contents in 4 treatment groups were decreased of various degrees. The effect in No.1 group was the strongest [(78.74±1.41)%] and that in danshen group was the weakest [(81.45±1.52)%]. Ca2+ content in danshen group was decreased of various degrees, indicating dose-effect dependence, but, which was near to ty and LPO level in brain tissue of rats in every group: SOD activity in model group was lower remarkably than normal group [(86.18 ±3.17),(131.86±4.67) μkat/g, P ＜ 0.01]. After treated with naomaitong of 3 dosages, that was all improved, indicating dose-effect dependence (P ＜ 0.01). The effect of No.1 group was the strongest [(119.02±4.00) μkat/g],SOD activity in danshen group was near to model group (P ＞ 0.05). LPO level in model group was higher than normal group [(52.46 ±3.25),(32.29±2.23) μmol/L, P ＜ 0.01]. LPO level of every treatment group was lower significantly than model group and the therapeutic effects of No. 1, 2,3 groups were superior to danshen group [(35.68±2.86), (41.54±2.47),1α and TXA B2 in brain tissue of rats in every group: Content of 6-ketoPG 1α in brain tissue of model group was lower remarkably than normal group (P ＜ 0.01). That was improved in all of 4 treatment groups, in which,the therapeutic effects of No.1, 2, 3 groups were superior to danshen group [(43.84±2.98), (35.01±4.32), (29.97±3.81), (22.89±3.64) ng/g, P ＜ 0.01].TXA B2 content in brain tissue of model group was higher remarkably than normal group (P ＜ 0.01). After treatment, the 4 treatment groups lowed significantly TXA B2 content in brain tissue compared with model group,indicating dose difference. That in danshen group was lower than No. 1, 2,3 groups [(40.58±1.34), (32.85±1.43), (34.31±1.39), (37.27±1.52) ng/g, P ＜0.01].CONCLUSION: Naomaitong injection alleviates brain edema, resists calcium ion, regulates imbalance between TXA and PG systems, improves activity of anti-oxidase and is against injury of free radical so as to protect the structure of brain tissue and achieve therapeutic effects, indicating a certain dose-effect relationship. The effect of naomaitong injection is superior to that of compound danshen injection.

Objective Multicystic renal cell carcinoma(MCRCC)appears to be a distinct subtype of renal cell carcinoma with characteristic gross and microscopic features.To explore the clinical and pathological features of MCRCC in order to find out its difference from renal clear cell carcinoma undergoing cystic change(RCCCC),and to propose prognosis criteria for therapeutic modalities.Methods From 1999 to 2003 32 patients were identified to have renal carcinoma,and they received radical or partial nephrectomy in the authors' institution.The pathological diagnosis was either MCRCC(n=21)or renal cell carcinoma associated with features of cystic changes(n=11).All specimens were reviewed histologically by two independent pathologists.The clinicopathologic and follow-up prognosis data on MCRCC and RCCCC were collected for study.Results 21 patients with MCRCC were 17 men and 4 women.The mean age at the time of surgery was 49 years(range 37 to 67 years).15 MCRCC patients with follow-up data were still alive with a mean follow-up time of 61 months(ranged 31 to 73)and no evidence of recurrence and metastasis was discovered.The mean survival time for 7 of the 11 patients with RCC was 32 months(ranged 18 to 63).There was significant difference in survival time between the two groups(P

In this paper, the authors analyzed the current problems in domestic hospital nursing human re-source such as widespread erosion, nursing staff slack and others. From the characteristics of nursing ethics and be-havior dynamic analysis, suggest to establish a focus on the humanities concern nursing ethics culture of the people-oriented, fundamentally effectively motivate nurses, specific include: respecting nurses and ethical personality differences;to establish a trust mechanism for nursing staff;meet the needs of nursing staff learning;to establish a nursing staff self management team, thus improve hospital nursing ethics management work, for the nursing staff to provide a stable and efficient working and living environment.

Objective To observe the effect of penetrating needling with thick needle at Shenzhu (GB 12) on the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score in patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Methods Sixty-one PD patients were randomized into a treatment group of 31 cases and a control group of 30 cases. The treatment group was intervened by penetrating needling with thick needle at Shenzhu (GV 12) in addition to oral administration of Levodopa and Benserazide Hydrochloride;while the control group was by oral administration of Levodopa and Benserazide Hydrochloride alone. The UPDRS was evaluated before and after intervention in both groups. Results Respectively after 30-day treatment, 90-day treatment, and 90 d after the intervention, the UPDRS scores were significantly changed compared to that before intervention in both groups (P<0.01, P<0.05);there were also significant differences in comparing the UPDRS score between the two groups at each time point (P<0.01, P<0.05). Conclusions Penetrating needling with thick needle at Shenzhu (GV 12) can improve the UPDRS score in PD patients, and it’s an effective method in treating PD.

Kallikrein-kinin system consists of kininogen , kallikrein, bradykinin and kinin .Kinins, derived from kininogen by tissue kallikrein , play their biological effects via bradykinin 1/2 receptors or protease activated receptors .Existing researches suggest that kinins exert various effects through different intracellular and mitochondrial signal pathways such as MAPK , PI3K/Akt/GSK3 be-ta, NO, JAKs/STATs.This review aims to elucidate the roles and the intracellular signal pathways of KKS in different diseases .

Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease,and may be related to the mutation of CDH1 or CTNNA1 genes.Microscopically,signet-ring cell carcinoma is suggested frequently in endoscopic biopsy or gastrectomy specimens.Some patients may have concomitant extra-stomach tumor (frequently breast cancer in females).Detection of CDH1 gene mutation should be performed in high-risk individuals,and diagnosis and treatment should be carried out by a multidisciplinary team.Prophylactic gastrectomy is recommended for those with pathogenic CDH1 mutation.Endoscopic surveillance is an option for those with CDH1 mutation of undetermined significance and those without germline CDH1 mutation.This review discussed the concept,genetic characteristics,clinicopathological features and genetic screening of HDGC for providing a reference for clinicians.

Objective To study the effects of pronunciation after cochlear implantation in children,and find out the common rules of initials consonant pronunciation errors.Methods We used the cards as the pronunciation articulation test from hearing impairment children's hearing,language competency assessment standards and methods to evaluate auditory-verbal ability after cochlear implantation,then recorded and analyzed the errors of the initials consonant.Results After training for 10 months,we evaluated speech articulation of prelingually deaf children of 3 to 5 years old with cochlear implants 73.93%±12.76%.The most incorrect pronunciations were/s/,/z/,/sh/,/g/,/ch/,/j/,/k/,/l/,/c/,/zh/,/f/and/p/,which had resulted in substitution.According to the classification of pronunciation articulation,it focused on supradialectical and velar while the least in bilabial and blade-alveolar.Ac-cording to the classification of pronunciation method,nasal,lateral and unaspirated stop had low error rates.Conclu-sion Only do when we comprehend rules of cochlear implants in children pronunciation as well as study,can we solve problems and do well in language training.The most incorrect pronunciations in children with CI are supradia-lectical and velar,the language training should be performed aecordingly.

BACKGROUND:Treatment after intracerebral hemorrhage can effectively suppress immune function. The immune suppression after ischemic stroke has been studied in detail.
OBJECTIVE:To construct an immunosuppressed rat model after cerebral hemorrhage, and assess its stability.
METHODS:Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, sham group, and cerebral hemorrhage group, with 20 rats in each group. Rat models of acute cerebral hemorrhage were established by 50μL arterial blood injection in the rat basal ganglia. Rats in the sham group were injected with 50μL of saline, and the operation was identical to cerebral hemorrhage model. Rats in the control group received no treatment. At 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after model establishment, leukocytes, lymphocytes, and lymphocyte percentage were analyzed by blood analyzer. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of serum proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 and anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factorβin rats. Dissected rat spleen tissue was subjected to histological and histopathological detection. RT-PCR and western blotting were utilized to measure changes in transforming growth factorβ, interleukin-6 gene and protein expression in the spleen.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Compared with the sham group and control group, leukocyte number was significantly higher, but lymphocyte percentage gradual y reduced in the cerebral hemorrhage group at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours (P<0.05). (2) Compared with the sham group and control group, interleukin-6 levels in the blood and spleen were higher at 24 hours, peaked at 72 hours, and decreased at 96 hours in the cerebral hemorrhage group (P<0.05). (3) Compared with the sham group and control group, transforming growth factorβexpression was lower at 24 hours, gradual y increased at 72 hours, and higher at 96 hours in the rat blood and spleen of the cerebral hemorrhage group (P<0.05). (4) These findings indicate that immune function excitement first appeared after cerebral hemorrhage, and immune suppression appeared at 96 hours, indicating successful model establishment and good stability.

Objective To study the changes in number and function of peripheral blood T helper cell 17(Th17) in acute urticaria patients .Methods The percentages of Th17 in peripheral blood from 50 acute urticaria patients and 50 healthy persons were ana‐lyzed by immunofluorescence staining and bicolor flow cytometry (FCM ) in vitro .Retinoic acid‐related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt) mRNA from the same research objects were detected by quantitative realtime PCR (qPCR) method .Peripheral blood transforming growth factor‐β(TGF‐β) ,interleukin(IL)‐6 ,IL‐17A and IL‐17F were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from the same research objects .Results The quantity of percentages of Th17(t= 36 .634 1 ,P< 0 .05) and levels of RORγt mRNA(t=23 .840 1 ,P<0 .05) in urticaria patients were higher than those in healthy persons obviously .Meanwhile ,the levels of TGF‐β(t=15 .521 1 ,P<0 .05) ,IL‐6(t=7 .247 3 ,P<0 .05) ,IL‐17A(t=15 .415 3 ,P<0 .05) and IL‐17F(t=13 .032 1 , P<0 .05) in urticaria patients were higher than those in healthy persons significantly .Conclusion Dysfunction of Th17 in periph‐eral blood may involve in the immunopathogenesis of acute urticaria .