Cathepsin S is one of the cathepsins that distributes generally at lysosomes of histiocyte in humans body.It has variety of actions when it is unbalancing,including promote inflammation,atherosclerosis,diabetes and obesity,etc.Studies in recent years have demonstrated that there are certain correlations of adiponectin with vascular risk factor and cerebrovascular disease.

Objective To explore the expressions and significances of apoptotic modulating genes Fas and Bcl-2 mRNA in peripheral blood monocytes(PBMC)of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods The levels of Fas and Bcl-2 mRNA in PBMC were detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 44 patients with MG as well as 30 healthy donors served as a normal control (NC).Results (1) The level of Fas mRNA in MG group was no significantly difference compared with NC group. The level of Bcl-2 mRNA in MG group was higher than that in NC group(P

Objective To determine whether rapid and delayed tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia can be induced by pretreatment with single electroacupuncture (EA) at the Baihui acupoint in rats. Methods Forty-eight healthy male SD rats weighing 280-320 g were randomly divided into 6 equal groups with 8 animals in each group: (1) control group received no pretreatment before focal cerebral ischemia; (2) electroacupuncture group was further divided into 5 groups in which EA was performed at Baihui acupoint and electric stimulation was maintained for30min0.5 h(EAl),1 h(EA2),2 h(EA3),3 h(EA4) or 24 h(EA5) before focal cerebral ischemia. The animals were anesthetized with isoflurane and spontaneous respiration was maintained. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed using a nylon thread with a rounded tip inserted into internal carotid artery and thread cranially until resistance was felt. MCAO was maintained for 2 h, then the nylon thread was withdrawn to allow reperfusion . After MCAO the animals were observed for 24 h for neurological deficits which were assessed by a 0-5 grade scoring system (0 = no deficit, 5 = death) . The animals were then sacrificed and brain was immediately removed for estimation for the size of cerebral infarction. Results There were significantly less neurological deficits and the size of infarction was smaller in group EA3 and EA5 than those in control group. There were no significant differences in neurological deficits and size of infarction between group EA1,EA2,EA4 and control group. Conclusion Pretreatment with single electroacupuncture stimulation for 30 min at Baihui acupoint can induce rapid and delayed tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia. Rapid tolerance develops 2 h after pretreatment while delayed tolerance develops 24 h after pretreatment.

Objective To evaluate the effective treatment for and prevention of complications. Methods The diagnosis and treatment of 32 patients with acute arterial ischemia of the lower extremity were analyzed (retrospectively). 4 cases were treated with thrombolytic therapy, 28 cases underwent emergency operation, of which 3 cases underwent amputation after embolectomy, and 25 cases were treated by arteriotomy of femoral artery and embolectomy with Fogarty catheter(7 cases underwent concomitant arterioplasty).Results One (patient) in the nonoperative group died; but there was no mortality in the operated group. Limb amputation was done in 3 cases, and limbs were saved in 28 cases. Conclusions For acute arterial ischemia of the lower (extremity), emergency arteriotomy of femoral artery plus embolectomy is the treatment of choice. This (therapeutic) approach can lower mortality and limb amputation rate.

Objective To summarize the nursing methods and effect of artificial femoral head replacement in treatment of osteoporotic interttochanteric fracture in elderly patients. Methods 55 patients with esteoporotic intertrochanteric fracture were selected in our hospital from February 2007 to February 2011.All patients were cared by targeted preoperative and postoperative nursing,helping them conducting functional training in time,giving discharge counseling and follow-up.The hip functional recovery of patients was evaluated by using the Harris evaluation standard,and the excellent rate of surgery was also evaluated. Results After the targeted care,55 patients went through the perioperative period safely,the average length of stay was ( 14.0 ± 3.1 )days,a total of 5 cases (9.09％)patiants suffered varying degrees of complications which were improved after symptomatic treatment.Patients were followed up for 3 to 36 months,only 2 patients died of cerebral vascular accident,all patients gained good recovery of hip function.Harris score was (84.45 ± 9.38),the excellent rate of surgery reached 78.18％. Conclusions Atificial femoral head replacement proves significant effect in treatment of osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients,but with the accompanying surgical compliuations,special care and timely functional exercise methods should be paid attention to.

Objective:To study the movement regularity of Ca~(2+) in tooth hard tissue.Methods:14 extracted intact caries-free teeth were cleaned and then immersed into artificial saliva in a divice with 3 chambers for enamel part,dentin part and cement part respectively.The concentration of Ca~(2+) in the chambers was measured with an ion meter,TECHNICON(AXON,USA),24 h after immersion of each tooth.Results:The Ca~(2+) concentration in tooth immersed fluid of enamel part was higher than that of dentin part(P

Objective To evaluate the imaging characteristics of the bone infarct . Methods 13 cases of the bone infarct proved by clinical manifestation and surgical pathology were collected,there were 5 males and 8 females. All patients had X-ray films, 4 were imagedwith CT scanning , 7 were imaged with MRI , and 2 underwent all three techniques . The bone infarct were classified into the early,themiddle and later stages.X-ray , CT and MRI findings of bone infarct ,were analysed characteristics . Results Partial osteoporosin and punctate calcifications could be seen on X-ray and CT , in the early and middle stages , which presented as iso-/low-signal on T_1WIand iso-/high-signal on T_2WI in the center of the bone infarct with a tortuous low-signal on T_1WI and high-signal on T_2WI zonearound.In the later stages,the bone infarct was characterize by irregular sclerosis and tortuous calcification on X-ray and CT,and by low-signal on both T_1WI and T_2WI . Conclusion MRI is the most effective way to find the bone infarct in the early stages , X-ray is helpful in diagnosing the bone infarct in the middle and later stages , CT is more sensitive than X-ray . X-ray ,CT and MRI should be combined in diagnosing the bone infarct .

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of angiotensin Ⅱ and Losartan pretreatment on regulating insulin secretion in human islet ? cells.Methods We measured changes in intracellular calcium by confocal laser scanning microscopy using Flou3-AM-loaded human islet cells.RT-PCR was used to measure changes in intracellular CaM.Dynamic insulin secretory responses were determined by chemiluminescence following perfusion of human islets.Results Exposure of the isolated islets to angiotensin Ⅱ induced glucose-stimulated insulin release coupled with intracellular calcium ascending in first phase and descending in second phase.Intracellular CaM concentration could not be affected by angiotensin Ⅱ.Conclusion The change of free Ca2+is induced by the combination of AngⅡ with ATI receptors of islet B cells,which results in the damage to islet B cells.Losartan pretreatment protects the islet B-cell function by inhibiting calcium overload.

Objective To investigate the significance of non - concentrated proteinuria electrophroresis in early diagnosis of type 1 diabetic nephropathy(DN). Methods A total of 47 selected patients with type 1 diabetes and 30 healthy controls were recruited in the study. Fourty seven patients were divided into diabetes mellitus(DM) group and DN group based on the rate of urinary excretion of albumin. Sodium dodcyl sulfate - agarose gel electrophoresis(SDS - AGE) was used to analyze the proteinuria in patients and controls group. Results The positive ratio of urinary albumin SDS - AGE was significantly higher in DN group than in DM group and normal control(group P