Cathepsin S is one of the cathepsins that distributes generally at lysosomes of histiocyte in humans body.It has variety of actions when it is unbalancing,including promote inflammation,atherosclerosis,diabetes and obesity,etc.Studies in recent years have demonstrated that there are certain correlations of adiponectin with vascular risk factor and cerebrovascular disease.

Objective To explore the expressions and significances of apoptotic modulating genes Fas and Bcl-2 mRNA in peripheral blood monocytes(PBMC)of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods The levels of Fas and Bcl-2 mRNA in PBMC were detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 44 patients with MG as well as 30 healthy donors served as a normal control (NC).Results (1) The level of Fas mRNA in MG group was no significantly difference compared with NC group. The level of Bcl-2 mRNA in MG group was higher than that in NC group(P

Objective To determine whether rapid and delayed tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia can be induced by pretreatment with single electroacupuncture (EA) at the Baihui acupoint in rats. Methods Forty-eight healthy male SD rats weighing 280-320 g were randomly divided into 6 equal groups with 8 animals in each group: (1) control group received no pretreatment before focal cerebral ischemia; (2) electroacupuncture group was further divided into 5 groups in which EA was performed at Baihui acupoint and electric stimulation was maintained for30min0.5 h(EAl),1 h(EA2),2 h(EA3),3 h(EA4) or 24 h(EA5) before focal cerebral ischemia. The animals were anesthetized with isoflurane and spontaneous respiration was maintained. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed using a nylon thread with a rounded tip inserted into internal carotid artery and thread cranially until resistance was felt. MCAO was maintained for 2 h, then the nylon thread was withdrawn to allow reperfusion . After MCAO the animals were observed for 24 h for neurological deficits which were assessed by a 0-5 grade scoring system (0 = no deficit, 5 = death) . The animals were then sacrificed and brain was immediately removed for estimation for the size of cerebral infarction. Results There were significantly less neurological deficits and the size of infarction was smaller in group EA3 and EA5 than those in control group. There were no significant differences in neurological deficits and size of infarction between group EA1,EA2,EA4 and control group. Conclusion Pretreatment with single electroacupuncture stimulation for 30 min at Baihui acupoint can induce rapid and delayed tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia. Rapid tolerance develops 2 h after pretreatment while delayed tolerance develops 24 h after pretreatment.

Objective To evaluate the effective treatment for and prevention of complications. Methods The diagnosis and treatment of 32 patients with acute arterial ischemia of the lower extremity were analyzed (retrospectively). 4 cases were treated with thrombolytic therapy, 28 cases underwent emergency operation, of which 3 cases underwent amputation after embolectomy, and 25 cases were treated by arteriotomy of femoral artery and embolectomy with Fogarty catheter(7 cases underwent concomitant arterioplasty).Results One (patient) in the nonoperative group died; but there was no mortality in the operated group. Limb amputation was done in 3 cases, and limbs were saved in 28 cases. Conclusions For acute arterial ischemia of the lower (extremity), emergency arteriotomy of femoral artery plus embolectomy is the treatment of choice. This (therapeutic) approach can lower mortality and limb amputation rate.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the influences of the concentrations of sodium cholate, cholesterol and drug, preparation temperature, ultrasonic time and power on the particle size and encapsulation efficiency of Flos Magnoliae volatile oil nano-liposome through film-ultrasonic wave technique together with membrane filter method. METHODS: The nano-liposomes were prepared by film-ultrasonic wave technique together with membrane filter method. The drug content in liposomes was determined by gas chromatography and the particle size was determined by laser light scattering granularity equipment. RESULTS: By film-ultrasonic wave technique together with membrane filter method, the liposomes in the range of 30-40 nm were prepared. The prepared nano-liposomes demonstrated good decentralization and homogeneity, and the encapsulation efficiency was (91.7+/-3)%. CONCLUSION: Film-ultrasonic wave together with membrane filter method is a simple method to fabricate nano-magnoliae liposome.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes in brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the outcome of patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) after the treatment with metoprolol. Methods Sixty-five patients with CHF were admitted to the Forth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University during April 2004 to April 2007, and they fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of chronic CHF issued by New York Heart Association (NYHA). Of all the patients the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) ≥65mm. All the patients were randomly assigned into metoprolol group (34 cases) and control group (31 cases), and received conventional therapies [rest, reduced sodium intake, administration of digitalis, diuretic, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and aldosterone antagonists, etc.]. The patients in metoprolol group were given metoprolol (6.25mg as initiative dose and dose was increased according to illness). NYHA functional classitication, cardiothoracic ratio on chest X-ray film, cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and LVEDD in echocardiogram were observed, and the plasma BNP level was determined with an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). Results After 5 months of treatment, the clinical symptoms of patients were improved obviously and p1asma BNP level was significantly lowered in both groups, while p1asma BNP level was significantly lower in metoprolol group compared with control group (200.6?12.1 vs 120.7?14.1, P

Objective To investigate the change of endocrine, cAMP and potential mechanism in asthenia cold syndrome rats. Method The rats were randomly divided into normal group and asthenia cold model group. The model group were treated with intramuscular injection of hydrocortisone for 14 days, and the normal group with NS. The content of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and adenylate cyclase (AC), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), dopamine (rT3), cortisol (COR), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) was detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was detected by chemiluminescence. Result The content of T3, T4, rT3, COR, cAMP were decreased, the activity of AC was decreased, the conent of ATP was increased. Conclution The function of the endocrine system was suppressed in asthenia cold rats, which can down-regulate cAMP and lead to asthenia cold syndrome.

Objective: To study the masticatory muscles activity in the cases with severe tooth wear(TW) and the damaged display of masticatory muscles in different types of occlusal wear. Methods: The electromyography(EMG) of bilateral anterior temporalis(TA), masseter muscle(MM) and anterior digastric(DA) was taken in 15 elder patients aged 49～69 years old with TW, the EMG of the patients was compared with that of 8 healthy subjects aged 49～55 years old. Results: TW patients showed higher activity of TA,MM and DA in mandibular postural position than the controls (P

Objective:To study the movement regularity of Ca~(2+) in tooth hard tissue.Methods:14 extracted intact caries-free teeth were cleaned and then immersed into artificial saliva in a divice with 3 chambers for enamel part,dentin part and cement part respectively.The concentration of Ca~(2+) in the chambers was measured with an ion meter,TECHNICON(AXON,USA),24 h after immersion of each tooth.Results:The Ca~(2+) concentration in tooth immersed fluid of enamel part was higher than that of dentin part(P