OBJECTIVE:To provide behavioral intervention strategies for the reduction of health risks involved in Chinese inhabitants' self-medication.METHODS:The health risks and the behavioral patterns involved in Chinese inhabitants' self-medication were analyzed.RESULTS &CONCLUSION:The self-medication behaviors of Chinese inhabitants can only be intervened through strengthening the health education,improving Chinese inhabitants' self-medication ability,standardizing the management of packaging and descriptions of OTC,promoting and enforcing GPP,launching consumer medication counseling services extensively,enhancing pharmacists' quality,reinforcing supervision and reporting of adverse drug reactions,etc.

Objective To analyze the effect of intrathecal injection of dexmedetomidine on the behavioral activity, pain degree and expression of protein kinase C in spinal dorsal horn of rat models of chronic neuropathic pain, and to investigate the analgesic mechanism of dexmedetomidine.Methods 75 healthy male rats were randomly divided into observation group, model group and control group, 25 rats in each group.Chronic sciatic nerve injury model was established in the observation group and model group.After modeling, intrathecal dexmedetomidine intervention was used in the observation group.The model group was treated with saline injection and there was no intervention in the control group.Before the modeling (BM)and at 3(D3), 5(D5), 7(D7), and 14 (D14)days after medicine administration, the behavioral capacity was evaluated by cumulative evaluation method and movement function evaluation, and the assessment of pain degree (mechanical withdrawal method and thermal withdrawal latency pain threshold detection method), PKC staining score (immunohistochemical SABC method), PKC mRNA assay (RT-PCR method) and PKC protein expression (Western blot) were conducted and the data were statistically analyzed.Results ① Before modeling, the behavior, the cumulative scores of motor function, MWT, and TWL showed no significant differences between the different groups (P>0.05).After modeling, the model group and observation group showed that the cumulative scores and motor function scores were increased significantly, MWT and TWL decreased significantly, and the changes in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.05).After modeling, the cumulative scores, motor function scores, MWT, and TWL were significantly different between the groups (P<0.05).② The expression of PKC was negative in the control group and positive in the model group.In the observation group, after the initial establishment of model, the PKC was strongly positive, and along with the prolonged treatment, the PKC expression intensity was decreased, and only weakly positively expressed at 14 d.③ After modeling, the observation group and model group showed that the PKC mRNA and PKC protein expression levels were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).With the continuous drug administration, the PKC mRNA and PKC in the observation group were decreasing, and reached a level close to that of the control group at 14 d of drug administration.From the third day after modeling, at the same time points, the amount of PKC expression in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the model group (P<0.05).Conclusions Intrathecal injection of dexmedetomidine can improve the behavior of rat models with chronic neuropathic pain, and reduce the degree of pain.It may be related to the inhibition of protein kinase C expression in the spinal dorsal horn.

Retroviral vector pLXSN was employed to introduce human r-Interferon (IFN-?) gene into four human hepa-tocellular carcinoma cell lines (HCC). The G418-resistant colonies were isolated and cloned. PCR and RT-PCR analysis indicated that the integration and expression of IFN-? gene was shown only in the transduced cells. Using a bioassay method, we found that all genetically modified HCC cells can secrete varied amount of IFN-?. The results of flow cytome-try showed that the cell surface expression of HLA class I molecules significandy increased following transduction. Moreover , we firsdy indicated that the increase in the expression of one specific HLA class I antigen, HLA-A2, was almost in the same magnitude as that of the total HLA class I molecules after transduction with IFN-r gene.

Objective To investigate surgical techniques and results of arthroscopic reduction and fixation for the treatment of avulsion fracture of the posterior cruciate ligament from the tibia through an additional posterolateral portal. Methods An additional posterolateral portal was established by using the inside-out technique under arthroscopic view.After a protective sleeve was placed through the portal and the displaced fracture was reduced,the fragment was fixed by the guide wire drilled through the sleeve temporarily.If the fluoroscopic control showed an anatomic reduction of the fragment and good placement of the wire,the self-attacked cannulated screw and washer was placed intra-articularly over the guide wire through the sleeve for the directive internal fixation of the avulsion fracture.Aggressive rehabilitation programs were recommended postoperatively.Results Except 1 case with 11 mm displacement and rotation of the fragment treated by the arthrotomy after the failure of arthroscopic reduction,the arthroscopic operation was accomplished in all the remaining 10 cases.The operative time was 63～98 min(mean,87.3 min).No injuries of popliteal vessels or nerves occurred.The postoperative X-ray firms showed an anatomic reduction of the fragment and good placement of the screw and washer.With the negative posterior drawer test confirmed by the physical examination,normal range of motion of the injured knee joint and gait were achieved in the 10 patients at 4～7 weeks after surgery.The bone union was confirmed by X-ray films at the 3 months postoperatively.The computer KT-2000 arthrometer measurements of posterior tibial displacement of both knee joints showed side-to-side difference not more than 1.2 mm in 6 patients at 5 months after surgery.Conclusions The additional posterolateral portal can be established by the arthroscopic inside-out technique safely.The displaced fragment of the avulsion fracture of the posterior cruciate ligament from the tibia can be reduced and fixed with the self-attacked cannulated screw and washer arthroscopicly.

? AlM: To observe the clinical curative effect of intravitreal Bevacizumab injection combined duplex technique in treatment of neovascular glaucoma ( NVG) .
?METHODS:Totally 25 eyes of 25 patients with NVG who underwent intravitreal Bevacizumab injection of 1. 0mg (0. 05mL), after the regression of iris neovascularization, 5 eyes with anterior chamber paracentesis fluid auxiliary controlled intraocular pressure. After 2wk, patients were treated by trabeculectomy and phacomulsification (9 eyes were implanted intraocular lens ) . The changes and complications of intraocular pressure, visual acuity, corneas and neovessels were observed after surgery, and followed up 12mo.
?RESULTS:After injection Bevacizumab in 25 eyes, iris neovascularization of 20 eyes subsided in 3 ~ 5d, and 5 eyes subsided in 7d. After controlling intraocular pressure, count of the corneal endothelial cell were 1 629±226mm2 , and none suffered decompensation of corneal endothelium after two- surgery of trabeculectomy and phacomulsification. After followed up 12mo, intraocular pressure of 20 eyes were controlled in normal range; 2 eyes could control in normal range after treated by a kind of anti-glaucoma medicine and 3 eyes was 34 ~38mmHg after treated by anti- glaucoma medicine. 9 eyes had improved vision after implanted intraocular lens.
?CONCLUSlON:lntravitreal Bevacizumab injection can subside iris and anterior chamber angle neovascularization effectively in a short time and reduce intraocular pressure. lt can also reduce the risk of bleeding during operation or after operation. lntravitreal Bevacizumab injection combined with two- surgery of trabeculectomy and phacomulsification can treat neovascular glaucoma effectively.

OBJECTIVE:To study the rationality of multiple-unit containers of oral drugs.METHODS:The condition of whether the oral western medicines currently used in our hospital were packaged in single-dose container or not were inves?tigated;the information on packaging and distribution of multiple-unit containers was analyzed as well.RESULT:Of the460kinds of oral western medicines investigated,220were in single-dose containers,and138were in multiple-unit containers,of the multiple-unit containers87involved problems in packaging.CONCLUSION:It is suggested that single-dose container should be used and the multiple-unit containers should be improved reasonably.

Objective To investigate the biological effects of low intensity of pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on human periosteal cells and marrow stromal cells in vitro. Methods LIPUS of 30 mW/cm2 was used to stimulate the cultured human periosteal cells and marrow stromal cells for 5 min, 10 and 20 min per day, respectively, followed by the examination of cell proliferation and differentiation potential. Results Thymidine incorporation and total protein assay indicated that LIPUS had no significant effect on DNA and protein synthesis of the periosteal and marrow stromal cells, suggesting that LIPUS did not promote proliferation of these cells. However, ALP activity and osteocalcin secretion of the human periosteal cells were dramatically increased. Conclusion The results suggested that low intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulated periosteal cell proliferation and differentiation toward osteogenic lineage, this might contribute to the curing effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound for fracture.

In the present study, a new compound named 17-(6-cinnamamido-hexylamino-)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (CDG) was obtained by introducing the cinnamic acid (CA) group into the 17-site of geldanamycin (GDM). The anti-cancer effects of CDG in vitro and in vivo were evaluated. MTT assay was used to examine the inhibitory effect of CDG on the proliferation of MCF-7, HepG2, H460 and SW1990 cells. Immunofluorescent staining flow cytometry combined with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining were used to detect apoptotic cells. Transwell assay was used to analyze the effect of CDG on cell invasion and migration ability. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of RAF-1, EGFR, AKT, CDK4 and HER-2 of MCF-7, HepG2 and H460 cells. The toxicities of CDG and GDM were evaluated in mice. Using the subcutaneously transplanted MCF-7 xenograft in nude mice, inhibitory effect was evaluated in vivo. The results showed that CDG inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells (IC50: 13.6-67.4 microg.mL-1). After exposure to CDG for 48 h, most cells presented typical morphologic changes of apoptosis such as chromatin condensation or shrunken nucleus. The rates of apoptosis of MCF-7, HepG2, H460 and SW1990 cells incubated with 10 microg.mL-1 CDG were 23.16%, 27.55%, 22.21%, 20.47%, respectively. A dose-dependent reduction of migration of four cell lines was found after exposure to CDG. The decreased levels of RAF-1, EGFR, AKT, CDK4 and HER-2 showed that CDG possessed HSP90 inhibitory effect. The result of animal toxicity test on the mice suggested that CDG had lower toxicity than GDM. Meanwhile, CDG inhibited the growth of MCF-7 xenografts of athymic mice.

Objective To summarize the experience chest small incision closure of atrial septal defects treatment,evaluation of the efficacy and safety of operation.Methods Eight patients with secondary pore pathogenesy,atrial septum defect size 16-45 mm,take right next to the sternum surgery incision between 3 or 4 ribs 3-4 cm,in the cardiac ultrasound guided into occluder.Results All successful surgery,no postoperative shunt and abnormal,1 huge successful closure of atrial septal defect in 45mm.Conclusion After transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect with small incision in the chest,easy,small trauma,recover fast,safe and reliable.

Objective To establish a simple ,stable acute liver injury model induced by CCl4 to observe effects of hepatocyte transplantation .Methods CCl4 plant oil with different concentration of 20% and 50% was used in mice by intraperitoneal injection , of which the dose was 2 mL/kg ,and then materials were taken at different time points respectively .Mice survival rate ,alanine amin-otransferase (ALT) ,aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and the pathological changes of the liver were detected .Results Mice sur-vival rate in 20% CCl4 intraperitoneal injection was significantly higher than that of 50% .ALT and AST in experiment group were significantly higher than that of control group ,but there was no significant difference between two experimental groups .Pathologi-cal examination showed that mice liver cells showed typical cytoplasmic ,ballooning ,scattered punctate ,piecemeal necrosis and in-flammatory cell infiltration in 20% CCl4 intraperitoneal injection ;while in 50% CCl4 ,there was obvious fibrosis ,in addition to the mentioned heavier lesions .Conclusion 20% -50% CCl4 intraperitoneal injection in 2 mL/kg dose can induce different degrees of relatively stable liver injury ,and its concentration determines the degree of liver injury .Acute liver injury induced by 20% -50%CCl4 was an ideal model for hepatocyte transplantation experiment .