Bilateral sequential cataract surgery is very common in clinical,but the ophthalmologists often ignore how to choose the timing of operation and whether the first eye can be used to improve the intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation for the second one.Despite the refinements in IOL selection with the use of third-generation IOL formulas,5％ of eyes still result in a postoperative refractive surprise of ± 1.00 D or more.This paper introduced the methods of using refraction error of the first eye to improve the IOL power calculation for the second eye,and the refractive error of the second eye can be improved by modifying the IOL power to correct up to 50％ of the error from the first eye in details.Because of the variation of the postoperative refractive surprise within a month,the interval of three to four weeks between two eyes cataract surgery is highly recommended.These conclusions may provide the advantageous guidance for us in the selection of IOL in bilateral cataract surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of 2.5 mg fondaparinux sodium in Chinese patients after thoracic surgery. METHODS: Thirteen patients were enrolled in the study and were given a single dose of 2.5 mg fondaparinux sodium via a subcutaneous injection. Plasma concentrations of fondaparinux sodium were measured throughout a 24 h period. The pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using WinNonlin software. RESULTS: The following pharmacokinetic parameters were derived; t1/2(7.92 ± 3.13) (4.21-15.89) h, tmax(2.52 ± 0.93) (1.38-4) h, p-1 (0.73 ± 0.18) (0.45-1.02) mg · L-1, AUClast(6. 56 ± 2.19) (3.07-9. 75)mg · h · L-1, Vz/F(3.54 ± 1.00) (2.24-5.73) L, CL/F(0.34 ± 0.14) (0.16-0.63) L · h-1, and MRTlast (6.98 ± 2.1) h. The pearson correlation coefficient, r was 0.7283(P = 0.005) between the serum creatinine(Scr) and mean residence time(MRTlast) of fondaparinux. CONCLUSION: The disposition of fondaparinux is highly variable in patients. A statistical significant correlation between Scr and MRTlast of fondaparinux was observed. Fondaparinux sodium administered by intravenous injection is well tolerated in patients.

MicroRNA is a type of endogenous noncoding small molecular RNA with a length of 19-25 nucleotides. MicroRNAs are involved in almost all key biological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and hematopoiesis, via repres-sion of target gene expression. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of pediatric cancer. It is a heterogeneous disease with different clinical signs, morphology, immunophenotype, and cytogenetics. Currently, several microRNAs have implicated aberrant expression in ALL and play an important role in cancer initiation and development. MicroRNA expression pattern is associated with clinical feature, prognosis, and treatment. Therefore, microRNAs could act as a novel marker to help scientists learn about the pathogenesis of ALL and to provide more effective treatment options.

Research on CellSearch system's detection rate of cells and linearity performance detection method, so as to analyze the accurate and reasonable detection method to meet the CellSearch characteristics of the system.
Biomarkers, Tumor ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Separation ; methods ; Humans ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating

The microarray technology used in biological and medical research provides a new idea for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. To find different types of cancer and to classify the cancer samples accurately, we propose a new cluster ensemble framework Dual Neural Gas Cluster Ensemble (DNGCE), which is based on neural gas algorithm, to discover the underlying structure of noisy cancer gene expression profiles. This framework DNGCE applies the neural gas algorithm to perform clustering not only on the sample dimension, but also on the attribute dimension. It also adopts the normalized cut algorithm to partition off the consensus matrix constructed from multiple clustering solutions. We obtained the final accurate results. Experiments on cancer gene expression profiles illustrated that the proposed approach could achieve good performance, as it outperforms the single clustering algorithms and most of the existing approaches in the process of clustering gene expression profiles.
Algorithms ; Cluster Analysis ; Gene Expression Profiling ; methods ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; genetics ; Transcriptome

China faces opportunities and challenges as well when it participates in global environment and health governance. Major opportunities are as follows:(1) The convergence between global environment and health governance’s future trend and China’s environment and health strategies is a strongest incentive to push China to par-ticipate in global environment and health governance;(2) China can benefit from this participation in term of more access to international resources; ( 3 ) Global environmental and health issues are the areas that can best illustrate China’s international image as a responsible member; ( 4 ) Since global environmental and health governance is still young, early participation will give China a louder voice in its decision-making. The challenges that China faces are as follows:(1) Huge pressure from domestic environment and health challenges forces China to be primarily inward-looking and makes it very hard for the country to keep a high profile in global environment and health governance. China also faces the increasing international pressure. ( 2 ) The lack of global environment and health governance strategy prevents China from effectively participating in global environment and health governance. (3)“The Grand Health Outlook”hasn’t been fully established yet in China, leaving much room for improvement. (4) Intellectual sup-port is inadequate. (5) Some countries have too high expectations of China in terms of its contribution to global envi-ronmental and health governance. In order to effectively participate in this field, China should undertake coordinated planning on both the international and domestic scenes, and take some specific policies both at national and interna-tional level.

Objective To investigate the quality of marriage and sexual function of cervical cancer patients following radical hysterectomy and vaginal extension.Methods Case-control and questionnairebased methods were used in this study.Forty patients of early-stage (Ⅰ b 1 ～ Ⅰ b2) cervical cancer who had undergone vaginal extension following classic radical hysterectomy were included in the observation group,while 40 patients with matching factors and radical hysterectomy only during the same period were included in the control group.The quality of marriage and sexual function were compared with OLSON marriage prolapse and incontinence sexual function questionnaire Shon Fonn (PISQ-12).Results The operation time and postoperative vaginal length in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).The emotional,physical,and total scores during postoperation were lower than those during preoperation (P ＜ 0.01).The emotional,physical,and total scores in the control group were lower than those in the observation group (P ＜ 0.01).The marital satisfaction,husband and wife communication,conflict resolution methods,extracurricular activities and sex scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Patients with peritoneovaginoplasty following radical hysterectomy had much longer vagina and less self-perceived short vagina.Vaginal extension following radical hysterectomy does not worsen the pelvic floor symptoms.

Inflammatory bowel disease( IBD)is a chronic and nonspecific intestinal inflammatory disease caused by multiple factors such as environment,genetic susceptibility and immune disturbance. Autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and immune. Autophagy abnormalities may be involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. Genome-wide association studies(GWAS)have provided compelling evidence that autophagy related genes,including ATG16L1,IRGM and NOD2,are significantly associated with IBD. This article reviewed the abnormal autophagy in pathogenesis of IBD.

The aim of the study was to optimize the coating formulation of sustained release pellets of loxoprofen sodium by the central composite design-response surface methodology(RSM plus CCD).In the formulation design using RSM plus CCD,independent variables were the ratio of HPMC to EC(X_1) in the sustained coating formulation and polymer load(weight gain,X_2) were selected as in dependent variables,and in vitro accumulated releases from the pellets at 1,4,and 8 h were dependent variables.Multilinear,two and three order quadratic models were used to estimate the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables,and to delineate RSM and overlay contour plots in order to select the optimal formulations in compliance to the hypothesized in vitro releases (%) at 1,4,and 8 h.The results showed that the relationship between dependent and independent variables was best fitted to three-order quadratic equation.The regression equation generated for the hypothesized in vitro cumulative releases(%) at 1,4,and 8 h were Q_(1h) =227.699 2-30.785 9X_1-43.395 4X_2 + 0.917 4X_1~2 +1.820 3X_2~2 +6.803 9X_1X_2-0.131 5X_1~2X_2-0.268 2X_1X_2~2,Q_(4h) =408.254 0-47.427 8X_1-75.229 2X_2 +3.304 0X_2~2 +12.357 3X_1X_2-0.111 8X_1~2X_2-0.5425X_1X_2~2,Q_(8h) =303.539 0-30.417 6X_1-45.114 0X_2 +2.064 4X_2~2 +6.865 0X_1X_2-0.3341X_1X_2~2,respectively.In the optimized coating formulation,the ratio of HPMC to EC was 4.0% and the polymer load 9.0%.Bias between observed and predicted values in vitro accumulated releases were negligible,indicating the high predictability of the selected models.Therefore,RSM plus CCD is applicable in the optimization of the coating formulation of loxoprofen sodium sustained-release pellets.

Objective To study the effect of different draining way in the surgical treatment of chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH). Methods 126 patients with CSDH diagnosed by CT scanning or MRI were enrolled. The burr-hole was made at the site of the maximal hematoma thickness. A drainage tube was placed towards either the occipital (group A) or frontal ( group B) region as far as possible respectively, and for the latter, a lateral aperture was made about 2 cm far from the burr-hole on the side of the tube. The surgical complication (such as pneumocephalus, brain injury and recurrent hematoma et al.) and therapeutic efficacy of the two treatments were compared and analyzed to evaluate an optimal surgical technique. Results After treatment, complication rate in group A is 30%, the occurrence of complications in group B rate is 2% (P <0.05); operation time and hospitalization time in group B was significantly shorter than that in group A (P <0.05). Conclusion In the surgical treatment of CSDH, improved drainage pathway is safe and effective, which could improve the treatment efficacy and is worthy of clinical promotion.