This paper reviews the development of physician professionalism and its research at home and abroad in recent decades.Content,evaluation,the problems and challenges,and the affecting factors of physician professionalism are analyzed.With regard to the status quo of physician professionalism in China,some ideas to improve and build physician professionalism in China are proposed.

In Western countries, the mutation status of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes is commonly determined for genetic counseling among members of families with a history of breast or ovarian cancer, especially for women of the Ashkenazi Jewish ethnicity. Recent studies in the Cancer Genome Atlas project have demonstrated that BRCA2 mutation carriers are more responsive to platinum-based chemotherapy among high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients. Thus, in Western countries, the mutation status of BRCA1 and BRCA2 is recognized to have an important value with which to assess cancer risk and therapeutic response. However, very limited studies of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and their implications for counseling and therapeutic prediction have been conducted in China. Therefore, a potentially important genetic test that is technically simple has not benefited Chinese women with an increased risk of breast or ovarian cancer. This article summarizes the current progress in the study of BRCA1/2 mutation in China and recommends an increased effort in applying advances in genetic testing to the clinical management of Chinese patients with ovarian cancer.
Age Factors ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Genes, BRCA2 ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; ethnology ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Mutation ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; ethnology ; genetics ; surgery ; Platinum ; therapeutic use ; Remission Induction ; Risk ; Survival Rate

Objective To investigate the influence of Xiyanping injections therapy on inflammation factors and lung function for old patients with acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).Methods Ninety-two patients with AECOPD were randomly divided into the control group (n =46) and observation group(n =46).Patients in control group were given conventional treatment,in observation group were given XiYanPing injections for 2 weeks treatment on the basis of treatment of control group.The C-reactive protein(CRP),blood sedimentation rate (ESR),interleukin 10 (IL-10),1 s forced expiratory volume (FEV1),forced vital capacity (FVC),FEV1/FVC change and clinical effect of the two groups were recorded.Results There was no statistically significant difference in terms of CRP,ESR and IL-10 between the two groups before treatment (P ＞ 0.05).After treatment,CRP and ESR in control group were reduced from (35.6 ±9.8) mg/L and (56.2 ± 16.4) mm/h to (14.2 ± 8.1) mg/L and (22.4 ± 11.6) mm/1 h and the difference was significant (t =-14.515,-12.008;P ＜ 0.05),while in observation group decreased from (36.4 ± 8.2) mg/L,(54.6 ± 15.4) to (8.2 ± 6.2) mg/L,(16.8 ± 9.6) mm/h and the difference was significant (t =-18.468,-15.249;P ＜ 0.05).Meanwhile,the level of IL-10 in the two groups significantly increased and the observation group showed more.IL-10 in control group increased from (168.8 ± 62.4) ng/L to (212.4 ± 85.6) ng/L and the difference was significant(t =5.468,P ＜ 0.05),and in observation group increased from (172.8 ± 65.1) ng/L to (266.4 ± 92.6) ng/L and the difference was significant (t =6.368,P ＜ 0.05).The FEV1 and FVC were markedly increased after treatment and the observation group showed increase more.FEV1and FVC in control group were increased from (1.41 ±0.15) L and (2.62 ±0.88) L to (1.62 ± 0.18) L and (2.89 ± 0.92) L,and the differences were significant (t =2.186,2.415 ; P ＜ 0.05).While in observation group,FEV1 and FVC were increased from (1.42 ± 0.16) L and (2.59 ± 0.84) L to (1.84 ±0.21) L and (3.12 ± 0.94) L,and the differences were significant (t =4.366,4.585 ; P ＜ 0.05).Total efficacy of observation group was 91.3％ (42/46),obviously higher than that of control group(78.3％ (36/46) ; x2 =4.658 ;P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Xiyanping injections can reduce the inflammatory response in patients with AECOPD,improve lung function and the effect of treatment.

Objective　To explore the prophylactic effect of T cell vaccination (TCV) on type 1 diabetes. Methods　6-week-old nondiabetic femele NOD mice were vaccinated intraperitoneally with the attenuated, activated T lymphocytes isolated from the spleen of 4-week-old nondiabetic NOD mice, 18-week-old newly diabetic NOD mice and 32-week-old long-term diabetic NOD mice. The incidence of cyclophosphamide-treated diabetes, inflammatory score of insulitis in NOD mice as well as T lymphocyte subset changes in spleen and thymus were determined after TCV. Results　TCV was able to reduce the incidence of cyclophosphamide-treated diabetes, to alleviate insulitis, to increase the percentage of CD8+ T lymphocyte subset in spleen and CD4- CD8+ simple-positive T lymphocyte in thymus, and to decrease the percentage of IL-2R+ T lymphocyte and CD4+/CD8+ rate in spleen. Conclusion　TCV may decrease host autoimmunity, which seems related to the changes of T lymphocyte subsets in spleen and thymus and prophylactic effect on diabetes.

Objective:To investigate the effects of TJU103 on T lymphocytes proliferation and cytokine production in vitro.Methods:MTT and ELISA assays were used respectively to detect the proliferation and the cytokine production of donor T lymphocytes blocked by TJU103.Results:There are significant difference in the inhibition of T-cell proliferation and the cytokine production between groups of with TJU103 or without.Conclusion:TJU103 could significantly inhibit the T-cell proliferation and the cytokine production.

Immune cells that undergo increased apoptosis include lymphocytes and macrophages,yet the apoptosis of neutrophils is decreased in sepsis.Increase in apoptosis has also been reported in non-immune cells such as gastrointestinal cells,epithelial cells of lung as well as endothelial cells.The altered apoptotic cell death may contribute to the initiation and aggravation of immune and organ dysfunction in sepsis.Elucidating the changes and mechanism of apoptosis and taking measures to control apoptosis may be an effective strategy for the treatment of sepsis.

Objective·To investigate the role of collagen triple helix repeat containing-1 (CTHRC1) in ovarian cancer cell metastasis and the related mechanism. Methods·The expression of CTHRC1 in ovarian cancer cells was detected by Western blotting. The cell line which had high expression of CTHRC1 was transfected with a CTHRC1 specific shRNA, and the lenti-CTHRC1 was used to overexpress CTHRC1 in the cell line whose expression of CTHRC1 was very low. Then the expression of Slug and MMP-2 was assessed. Transwell assay was used to determine the migration and invasion capability of ovarian cancer cells after transfection. Results·The expression of CTHRC1 in HO8910 cells was the lowest, while the CTHRC1 protein level was dramatically increased after transfection of lenti-CTHRC1. Meanwhile, there was a distinct rise of the migration and invasion ability, as well as the expression of Slug and MMP-2 (all P<0.05). Conversely, CaOV3 cells had a higher protein expression of CTHRC1. By using lenti-shCTHRC1, a remarkable knockdown of CTHRC1 was obtained. Likewise, the capability of migration and invasion was decreased, and the Slug and MMP-2 expression was reduced (all P<0.05). Conclusion·CTHRC1 might positively regulate Slug and MMP-2 to promote ovarian cancer cell metastasis.

Objective To culture astrocytes of human optic nerve and establish the cell lines for further study of healing process after optic nerve trauma. [WT5”HZ]Methods [WT5”BZ]Astrocytes of infantile optic nerve were cultured by tissue inoculation or tissue digestion with 0.25% trypsin and 0.06% EDTA. The second and fourth passage cells were stained with HE and anti GFAP, S 100 protein, vimentin, and CD34 antibodies. [WT5”HZ]Results The trypsinized astrocytes of infantile optic nerve reached confluence in 7 days. The cultured cells were in polygonal shape with processes and the cytoplasm was abundant. These cells were positive in GFAP, S 100 protein and vimentin staining, and negative in CD34 staining. Conclusions Astrocytes of human optic nerve can be successfully cultured by trypsinization rather than tissue inoculation.

Objective The relationship between XbaI polymorphism of ApoB gene and cerebral infarction(CI)among Chinese population was assessed by Meta-analysis.Methods All related case-control studies were collected from all publications,the relevant studies were identified after eliminating those poor-qualified studies.Meta-analysis was conducted for investigating heterogeneity among individual studies,and summarizing the effects across studies.Results The combined data statistics revealed the frequencies of the X-X+/X+X+ genotypes showed no statistically difference(Z=1.72,P=0.08).Through the subgroup analysis,it was obviously increase the risk of CI in Chinese northern population(OR=2.66,95%CI:1.67~4.24),but no statistically difference in Chinese southern population(OR=1.26,95%CI:0.90~1.77).Conclusions ApoB gene XbaI polymorphism may be significantly associated with susceptibility of CI in Chinese northern population,but not a definite risk for Chinese southern population.

Objective To construct a luciferase gene expression vector containing full-length 3' untranslated region(3'UTR)of mouse vascular endothelial growth factor-C(VEGF-C)gene,and to observe the effects of VEGF-C 3'UTR on luciferase gene expression by a double-fluorescence report system.Methods Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was used to amplify VEGF-C 3'UTR and a 312bp VEGF-C coding region(CR)fragment from full-length VEGF-C cDNA in mouse Lewis lung cancer cells.The luciferase expression vectors containing VEGF-C 3'UTR or VEGF-C CR were constructed by subcloning the PCR products to luciferase reporter vector pGL3-Promoter using gene engineering technology,and then they were transfected to mouse Lewis lung carcinoma cells by LipofectamineTM 2000.The activities and mRNA expression of luciferase were detected by Dual-Luciferase Reporter System and quantitative RT-PCR,respectively.Results Mouse VEGF-C 3'UTR(429bp)and VEGF-C CR(312bp)were successfully amplified by PCR.The VEGF-C 3'UTR and VEGF-C CR fragments were successfully inserted into pTA2 vector,and then subcloned to pGL3-Promoter vector at Xba Ⅰ site by using restriction endonucleases analysis.The DNA sequences and insertion orientation of PCR products were all correct by sequencing analysis.The resulted luciferase expression plasmids were named pGL3-VEGF-C 3'UTR and pGL3-VEGF-C CR,respectively.Dual-Luciferase Reporter System detection and quantitative RT-PCR showed that in Lewis lung carcinoma cells,the activities of luciferase and expression of luciferase mRNA in the pGL3-Promoter group were higher than that in the pGL3-VEGF-C 3'UTR group,and there was no significant difference between pGL3-VEGF-C CR group and pGL3-Promoter group.Conclusion VEGF-C 3'UTR can inhibit luciferase gene expression.