At present improper use of antimicrobial agents in China is rather prevalent. For this reason we started from January 2000 to take general management methods and corresponding intervention measures with regard to the use of antimicrobial agents. We then made a survey of the use of antimicrobial agents before and after the adoption of the above methods so as to evaluate the effect of the intervention measures.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of ginger-partitioned moxibustion in improving blood flow velocity in lower limbs of post-stroke patients.Methods Ninety post-stroke patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 45 in each group. The treatment group was intervened by ginger-partitioned moxibustion, while the control group was by conventional acupuncture. Before and after intervention, the blood flow velocity in lower limbs, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Barthel Index (MBI) were evaluated.Results After 4-week treatment, the maximum blood flow velocity (Vmax) was significantly changed in the treatment group (P<0.05), and there was a significant difference in comparing the Vmax between the two groups after intervention (P<0.05); the NIHSS and MBI scores were significantly changed after intervention in the treatment group (P<0.05), and there was a significant difference in comparing MBI score between the two groups after intervention (P<0.05).Conclusions Ginger-partitioned moxibustion can accelerate the blood flow velocity in lower limbs of the post-stroke patients, improve blood circulation and the activities of life.

5srRNA was isolated and purified from the reticulocytes of rabbit. It labeled with ~(125)I, then incubated with mouse myeloma cells (SP2/0). By autoradiography it was observed that ~(125)I-SsrRNA could pass into the nuclei of the cells. In a separate experiment, it showed that the incorporation rate of ~3H-TdR into nuclei of SP2/0 after incubation with 5srRNA was decreased as compared with that f control group, hence the result indicates that 5srRNA inhibits DNA synthesis of the SP2/0 cells and it seems to play a role in the regulation of gene expression through its hybridization with DNA sequences of the SP2/0 cells. Thus it is likely that 5srRNA might act as "erythroid denucleation factor".

Objective To study the clinical significance of 3 dimensional time of flight magnetic resonance angiography(3D-TOF-MRA) for the pathogenesis of hemifacial spasm (HFS) and trigeminal neuralgia(TN).Methods 48 patients with HFS and 46 patients without HFS and 42 patients with TN and 40 patients without TN were examined by MRI and 3D-TOF-MRA by the enhancement of DTPA. Diagnosis of the presence of compressions in the root exit zone(REZ) of facial nerves and trigeminal nerves were done by two radiologists on an independent console. Results (1)In the patients, compression of the REZ of the facial nerves and trigeminal nerves were detected on 45 spastic sides (93.8%,neurovascular on 44 sides and tumor on 1 side) and 36 spastic sides ( 85.7%,neurovascular on 32 sides and tumor on 4 sides ), 8 and 4 on the asymptomatic sides (16.7% and 9.5%, all neurovascular ). In the controls, 4 and 5 sides ( 4.4% and 6.3% ) were found in the compression of the REZ of the facial nerves and trigeminal nerves. ( 2 ) The offending vessels of compression of the REZ of the facial nerves were the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) in 17 cases ( 38.6% ), the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) in 12 cases (27.3%), the vertebral artery (VA) in 6 cases (13.6%). The offending vessels of compression of the REZ of the trigeminal nerves were the superior cerebellar artery ( SCA ) in 18 cases ( 56.3% ), the anterior inferior cerebellar artery in 5 cases (15.6%), the difficult identified vessels (DIV) in 4 cases (12.5%). (3)The relative risks of microvascular compressions which cause HFS and TN were 26.6 and 9.84. (4) The compressions of the REZ of the facial nerves and trigeminal nerves were proved in 4 cases (neurovascular 3 cases and tumor 1 case) and 10 cases (neurovascular 6 cases and tumor 4 casee) in the operation.Conclusion MRI and enhanced 3D-TOF-MRA appeare to be the best imaging technology for the pathogenesis of HFS and TN now. The major causes of HFS and TN may be different neurovascular compressions in the REZ of the facial nerves and trigeminal nerves, some cases are caused by tumor compression.

Objective To explore the clinical value of dual-energy CT lung perfusion imaging and perfusion scintigraphy in acute pulmonary embolism (PE) rabbit models. Methods Acute PE models were established in 20 rabbits with femoral vein injection of sponge as embolus materials, and 4 rabbits were injected saline as control group. Two hours after embolization, dual-energy CT and perfusion scintigraphy imaging were performed respectively. Taking the pathologicall findings as the reference standards, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of both imaging methods were compared. CT values and enhancement degree (overlay value) of the embolic areas and normal pulmonary parenchyma were measured in DEPI image after embolization. Results Normal lung was color-coded as homogeneously yellowish red, perfusion scintigraphy displayed rarefaction or absence. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of DEPI was 100%, 97.50%, 95.24%, 100%, and of perfusion scintigraphy was 67.50%, 81.25%, 64.29%, 83.33%, respectively. Increased CT values and overlay values of embolism areas in DEPI images were lower than those of normal pulmonary parenchyma (P<0.05). Conclusion DEPI has higher sensitivity and specificity than perfusion scintigraphy for detection of pulmonary emboli in an acute PE rabbit models.

BACKGROUND: Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) is a glycoprotein. Recent studies have demonstrated that rhEPO regulates many functional activities of neural cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different concentrations of rhEPO on proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) cultured in vitro. METHODS: Newborn Sprague-Dawley rat NSCs were harvested and cultured with serum-free culture medium containing different concentrations (5, 50, 500 U/mL) of rhEPO and 20 μg/L basic fibroblast growth factors (5, 50, and 500 U/mL rhEPO groups) and serum-free culture medium only containing 20 μg/L basic fibroblast growth factors (control group). After 7 days of culture, the cloning efficiency of NSCs was calculated. After 10 days of culture, neuron specific enolase (NSE)-and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactive cells were quantified. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the rhEPO groups, cells proliferated rapidly, and the number of NSC microspheres was greater, in particular in the 50 U/mL rhEPO group, compared with the control group. NSCs grew faster in the 50 U/mL rhEPO group than in the control group. The number of NSE-and GFAP-immunoreactive cells was greater in the 50 U/mL rhEPO group than in the control group (P<0.01). These findings suggest that rhEPO promotes the in vitro culture and proliferation of NSCs, in particular 50 U/mL rhEPO.

Molecular target-based cancer therapy is playing a more and more important role in cancer therapy because of its high specificity, good tolerance and so on. There are different kinds of molecular targeted drugs such as monoclonal antibodies and small molecular kinase inhibitors, and more than 50 drugs have been approved since 1997. When the first monoclonal antibody, rituximab, was on the market. The development of molecular target-based cancer therapeutics has become the main approach. Based on this, we summarized the drugs approved by FDA and introduced their mechanism of actions and clinical applications. In order to incorporate most molecular targeted drugs and describe clearly various characteristics, we divided them into four categories: drugs related to EGFR, drugs related to antiangiogenesis, drugs related to specific antigen and other targeted drugs. The purpose of this review is to provide a current status of this field and discover the main problems in the molecular targeted therapy.
Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; antagonists & inhibitors

Objective To study the effect of self-modified Guth & Samaha's myosin-ATPase staining method on the classification of SD rat skeletal muscle fiber types.Methods 8 ?m-thick cryostat sections from rat chest muscles and biceps brachii muscles were transfected with cryostat.Myosin-ATPase staining was carried out according to the following procedure: ① Fixing sections for 5 min in fixative solution containing 40 g/L paraformaldehyde;② Rinsing slides in Tris-rinse solution and then preincubating them in alkaline preincubation solution for 15 min;③ Rinsing slides in Tris-rinse solution twice and then incubating them for 60 min in incubation solution;④ Washing slides for three times in 10 g/L CaCl2 and then placing them in 20 g/L CoCl2 for 3 min;⑤ Washing sides in distal water and then placing them in 10 g/L(NH4)2S for 3 min and;⑥ Washing slides in running tap water for 3 min,dehydrating in graded ethanol,clearing in xylene and mounting in neutral balsam.Results After being stained by modified myosin-ATPase staining method,both chest muscle and biceps brachii muscle samples from SD rats could be clearly identified as type Ⅰ fibers and type Ⅱfibers as the fibers of type Ⅰ were stained white while the fibers of type Ⅱ were stained brown.Conclusion Modified myosin-ATPase staining method is a simple and effective way for muscle fiber type classification and can be applied in skeletal muscle related study.

Objective To evaluate the chnical value of intervention therapy combined with the foot plastic surgery in the treatment of diabetic foot.Methods 67 patients who accepted the intervention therapy combined with the plastic surgery for occlusive lesion of lower limbs arteries were selected.The clinical symptom,ankle brachial pressure index and hemodynamics were observed before and after treatment.All clinical indicators were compared between the therapeutic group and the control group.Results Among 67 patients,63 cases were successful in clinical treatment (the success rate:94.0％).One month,three months,six months after operation,the skin temperature,anklebrachial index,limp distance,clinical symptom,ankle brachial pressure index and hemodynamics were increased.Compared with preoperation,all above-mentioned indicators were improved obviously (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Intervention therapy for diabetic foot has the merits of less trauma,higher effectiveness of treating diabetic foot ulcers,defect repair,maximally reserved limbs and better shapes of limbs,which made both doctors and patients satisfied.It is a new direction for minimally invasive therapy.

Objective To assess the incidence,clinic feature,pathological characteristics and prognosis of incidental prostate cancer from specimens via radical cystoprostatectomy (RCP) for muscleinvasive bladder cancer.The postoperative erectile function in patients with NVB operation are also to be evaluated.Methods Between Jan 2002 and Jan 2015,150 male patients with bladder cancer who underwent radical cystoprostatectomy in our center were included in this study.133 patients underwent open surgery and 17 cases underwent laparoscopic operation (13 patients underwent NVB operation).The average age of 150 patients was 63 years (ranging 41 to 83 years).The average tPSA was 3 ng/ml(ranging 0.2 to 7.8 ng/ml).The digital rectal examination was negative,CT results didnt exhibit the evident of abnormality in prostate.Results Overall,incidental prostate cancer was diagnosed in 11 male patients (7.3％).The pathological diagnosis are all prostatic adenocarcinoma.In those patients,the mean age was 65.5 years (ranging 42 to 82 years).The mean tPSA at the time of surgery was 2.6 ng/ml (0.3-4.0 ng/ml).There was no statistical significance of tPSA values in the incidental prostate cancer group and non risk group (2.6vs.3.2ng/ml)(P ＞ 0.05).The preoperative enhanced CT imaging showed normal prostate in 7 cases,prostate hyperplasia in 2 cases,prostate calcification in 1 cases and bladder cancer invasion into the prostate in 1 cases.9 cases of incidental prostate cancer are low risk grade (Gleason score ≤ 6,the clinical stage ≤T2).Among 11 cases,bladder cancer histologic type in 10 cases was transitional cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma in 1 case.According to the TNM classification,4 cases were less than pT2 stage and 7 cases were more than pT3 stage.11 patients were followed up between 6 to 24 months (mean 10 months).All patient survived at the end of study without the treatment of castration.Among 13 cases accepted NVB operation,8 cases achieve the preoperative level of erectile function to achieve.Conclusions The rate of incidental prostate cancer from RCP specimens is low,Most patients have low risk level,and there was no statistical significance of tPSA values between the incidental prostate cancer group and non risk group.