BACKGROUND: In recent years, it has been confirmed by a variety of ways that myoblasts can differentiate into osteoblasts under the induction of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2).OBJECTIVE: To explore the mineralization reaction during the osteogenic differentiation of myoblasts under the induction of recombinant rhBMP-2 and the feasibility of osteogenic phenotype expression by in vitro induction. METHODS: Myoblasts were isolated and harvested from neonatal Wistar rats using differential velocity adherent technique and trypsinization method. After in vitro culture, purification and identification, myoblasts at passage 3 were induced by a medium containing rhBMP-2 for 21 days. Myoblasts in the control group were cultured in vitro in complete medium without rhBMP-2 for 21 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After rhBMP-2 induction, myoblast proliferation gradually slowed down. A small quantity of opaque secretory granules were found in the cytoplasm on day 8 after induction; the number of opaque secretory granules increased on day 14 after induction; and a great quantity of opaque secretory granules were found in the cytoplasm on day 21 after induction while the myoblasts without induction fused into contractile myotubes. The alkaline phosphatase activity of the induced myoblasts increased as time extended; myoblasts reacted positively in the alkaline phosphatase staining, immunochemical staining for type Ⅰ collagen and calcium node staining on day 21 after induction. These findings suggest that mineralization reaction is found in rat myoblasts by rhBMP-2 induction and myoblasts can differentiate into osteoblasts under certain inducing conditions in vitro.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the progress on the biomaterials of chitin nerve conduit to repair peripheral nerve injury in recent years.DATA SOURCES: A computer-based online search of literatures related to the application of the biomaterials of nerve conduit on peripheral nerve injury was performed in Medline and Springerlink by using the key words of "nerve conduit, peripheral nerve injury" between January 2000 and August 2009 and the language was limited to English. Meanwhile, we searched China Periodicals Full-text Database and Weipu database for the related Chinese articles published between January 2000 and August 2009 with the same key words in Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: Inclusive criteria: Researches about the non-biodegradable materials, biodegradable materials and biological derivative materials that were related to the peripheral nerve injury were included. Exclusive criteria: The irrelevant and repeated articles were excluded.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Nerve tissue engineering, chitin nerve conduit, and preparation of nerve conduit.RESULTS: With the progress of medical materials, the neural tube of natural or synthetic materials used to bridge defect of the neural in nerve tissue engineering scaffold material with a guide and to promote nerve regeneration. In the biodegradable material, chitin neural tube could be degraded within a reasonable period of time, biological control compatibility, performance degradation, mechanical properties and porosity. And in the structure of the conduit, combined other biodegradable materials,surface modification, adding seed cells and nerve growth factor, and other aspects of the experimental study were investigated.Changing the spatial structure of renewable and micro-environment aimed to speed up the rate of nerve growth, and promote the resumption of the good nerve function. And material's surface had to be modified and improved for conduit to adapt nerve during the nerve regeneration.CONCLUSION: With the continued development of biotechnique and cross-correlation technique, the biomaterials of chitin nerve conduit will have a prosperous future on peripheral nerve tissue engineering.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; etiology ; therapy ; Glutarates ; blood ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male

Objective To study the advantage and disadvantage of different treatments of unstable distal radial fractures in elderly patients. Methods In the period from August 2005 to January 2010, 55 elderly patients with unstable d istal radial fractures were treated with manual diaplasis and external plaster splint fixation, operation and internal plate fixation, or external fixation. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by Gartland-Werley wrist scoring systems and questionnaire of the disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH). We used SPSS13.0 software package for statistical analysis. Results Compared with the manual diaplasis group, the operation and internal plate fixation group or external fixation group was better in Gartland-Werley scores, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05), but there were no differences in DASH scores among the 3 groups. Conclusions The treatment of unstable distal radial fractures in elderly patients should be chosen based on the characteristics of the fractare and patients desire.

Objective To observe the effects of IL-4 on the expression of epithelial sodium channel(ENaC) ?-subunit.Methods A549 cells were cultured with IL-4 at the concentration of 0,0.1,1 and 10 ng/ml for 12 h or with 1 ng/ml IL-4 for 3,6,12,24 and 48 h.Then ?-ENaC protein and mRNA expressions were detected by Western blotting and RT-PCR respectively.Results IL-4 decreased the expression of ?-ENaC in A549 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner,via gene transformation.When A549 cells were cultured with IL-4 at the concentration of 1 ng/ml for 3,6,12,24 and 48 h,the expression of ?-ENaC protein and mRNA were decreased in a time-dependent manner.Statistical analysis showed culture for 6 h had a significant difference compared with other time points(P

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is common,especially the obstructive sleep apnea,and the severity increases as pregnancy progresses.The review identifies the risk factors,possible mechanisms and clinical manifestations for sleep disordered breathing in pregnancy through investigating pregnant women,approaches the relationship between sleep disordered breathing in pregnant women and the complications of the mother and fetus,especially between the obstructive sleep apnea and hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy or gestational diabetes mellitus,and the treatment of sleep disordered breathing in pregnancy.

BACKGROUND:The open reduction and internal fixation in treatment of middle and inferior humeral fractures often choose anterolateral approach. As the rapid development of microsurgical technique in recent years, some domestic hospitals try to adopt the medial approach, but the operation safety and efficacy are rarely reported. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of two different approaches of open reduction and internal fixation for treating the middle and inferior humeral fractures.
METHODS:A total of 68 patients with the middle and inferior humeral fractures were selected from Orthopedic Center of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2010 to January 2012, and were retrospectively analyzed. According to the approach of incision, the involved patients were divided into anterolateral approach group (n=33) and medial approach group (n=35). The blood loss in two groups was analyzed using Gross equation. The postoperative complications and functional recovery were compared.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:During the fol ow-up at 12-18 months, X-ray results showed that the fractures achieved bone healing, fracture healing time was 16.9±3.9 weeks in anterolateral approach group and 15.5±2.2 weeks in the medial approach group. Shoulder Neer system score was 86±5 points in anterolateral approach group and 84±4 points in the medial approach group;elbow Mayo system score was 78±7 points in anterolateral approach group and 81±8 points in the medial approach group. Three cases in anterolateral approach group and one case in medial approach group presented postoperative radial nerve numbness and wrist dorsiflexion weakness, which were self-healed after 3 months. There was no nonunion, chronic osteomyelitis for other complications. The fracture healing time, the incidence of complications and the functional recovery between the two groups showed no significant difference (P>0.05). The medial approach is a feasible and safe surgical approach of internal fixation for treating the middle and inferior humeral fractures.

0.05).[Conclusion]The contents of CRP,IL-1,IL -6,TNF-? are strengthenly expressed within 1 hour and have different expressions in different areas.

Objective To explore CT and MRI appearances of intracranial germinoma.Methods 19 patients with intracranial germinoma confirmed histologically and radiotherapy were selected as the object of this study.CT and MR findings of germinoma were analysed retrospectively.Results Of 19 cases,the tumors were located at pineal region in 12,the basal ganglia and thalamus in 3 and the sellar in 4.Germinoma of pineal region showed low signal intensity on T1WI,iso or hyper-signal intensity on T2WI,isointensity or slightly hyperintensity on CT with definite margin,the pineal calculus were embedded frequently by tumors.After administration of contrast material,the tumors showed marked and uniformity enhancement.Thickness of pituitary stalk and absence of the hyperintensity of the posterior pituitary on T1WI were found in sellar germinoma.Tumors showed iso-signal intensity on T1WI,but variable signal intensity was exhibited on T2WI.Calcification was absent in all cases,but the solid components of tumors were hyperdense on plain CT,and they were obvious enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT scan.Germinoma located at basal ganglia and thalamus showed diffuse growth,larger volum of tumors,inhomogeneous signal intensity and density with indefinite margin,hemorrhage seen in most of case.After administration of contrast material,the tumors showed patch or chaplet-like enhancement.Conclusion It is possible to make the preoperative diagnosis for intracranial germinoma according to sex,age and CT,MR imaging characteristics.

KCNQ channels are an important sub-family in potassium channels. They are divided into five subtypes, including KCNQ1, KCNQ2, KCNQ3, KCNQ4, KCNQ5. KCNQ channels have a wide range of physiological and pathophysiologi-cal correlates. KCNQ1 (KvLTQ1) forms cardiac-delayed rectifier-like K+ current in the heart with other subunits. Mutations in this channel can cause one form of inherited long QT syndrome (LQT1). KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 heteromultimers are thought to underlie the M-current; mutations in these genes may cause an inherited form of juvenile epilepsy. The KCNQ4 gene is thought to encode the molecular correlate of the 7K.n in outer hair cells of the cochlea mutations whose mutation leads to a form of inherited deafness. KCNQ5 co-assemble with KCNQ3 in brain, and may also play a role in the M-current heterogeneity.