Cathepsin S is one of the cathepsins that distributes generally at lysosomes of histiocyte in humans body.It has variety of actions when it is unbalancing,including promote inflammation,atherosclerosis,diabetes and obesity,etc.Studies in recent years have demonstrated that there are certain correlations of adiponectin with vascular risk factor and cerebrovascular disease.

Objective To determine whether rapid and delayed tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia can be induced by pretreatment with single electroacupuncture (EA) at the Baihui acupoint in rats. Methods Forty-eight healthy male SD rats weighing 280-320 g were randomly divided into 6 equal groups with 8 animals in each group: (1) control group received no pretreatment before focal cerebral ischemia; (2) electroacupuncture group was further divided into 5 groups in which EA was performed at Baihui acupoint and electric stimulation was maintained for30min0.5 h(EAl),1 h(EA2),2 h(EA3),3 h(EA4) or 24 h(EA5) before focal cerebral ischemia. The animals were anesthetized with isoflurane and spontaneous respiration was maintained. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed using a nylon thread with a rounded tip inserted into internal carotid artery and thread cranially until resistance was felt. MCAO was maintained for 2 h, then the nylon thread was withdrawn to allow reperfusion . After MCAO the animals were observed for 24 h for neurological deficits which were assessed by a 0-5 grade scoring system (0 = no deficit, 5 = death) . The animals were then sacrificed and brain was immediately removed for estimation for the size of cerebral infarction. Results There were significantly less neurological deficits and the size of infarction was smaller in group EA3 and EA5 than those in control group. There were no significant differences in neurological deficits and size of infarction between group EA1,EA2,EA4 and control group. Conclusion Pretreatment with single electroacupuncture stimulation for 30 min at Baihui acupoint can induce rapid and delayed tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia. Rapid tolerance develops 2 h after pretreatment while delayed tolerance develops 24 h after pretreatment.

Objective To explore the expressions and significances of apoptotic modulating genes Fas and Bcl-2 mRNA in peripheral blood monocytes(PBMC)of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods The levels of Fas and Bcl-2 mRNA in PBMC were detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 44 patients with MG as well as 30 healthy donors served as a normal control (NC).Results (1) The level of Fas mRNA in MG group was no significantly difference compared with NC group. The level of Bcl-2 mRNA in MG group was higher than that in NC group(P

Objective To evaluate the effective treatment for and prevention of complications. Methods The diagnosis and treatment of 32 patients with acute arterial ischemia of the lower extremity were analyzed (retrospectively). 4 cases were treated with thrombolytic therapy, 28 cases underwent emergency operation, of which 3 cases underwent amputation after embolectomy, and 25 cases were treated by arteriotomy of femoral artery and embolectomy with Fogarty catheter(7 cases underwent concomitant arterioplasty).Results One (patient) in the nonoperative group died; but there was no mortality in the operated group. Limb amputation was done in 3 cases, and limbs were saved in 28 cases. Conclusions For acute arterial ischemia of the lower (extremity), emergency arteriotomy of femoral artery plus embolectomy is the treatment of choice. This (therapeutic) approach can lower mortality and limb amputation rate.

Objective To summarize the nursing methods and effect of artificial femoral head replacement in treatment of osteoporotic interttochanteric fracture in elderly patients. Methods 55 patients with esteoporotic intertrochanteric fracture were selected in our hospital from February 2007 to February 2011.All patients were cared by targeted preoperative and postoperative nursing,helping them conducting functional training in time,giving discharge counseling and follow-up.The hip functional recovery of patients was evaluated by using the Harris evaluation standard,and the excellent rate of surgery was also evaluated. Results After the targeted care,55 patients went through the perioperative period safely,the average length of stay was ( 14.0 ± 3.1 )days,a total of 5 cases (9.09％)patiants suffered varying degrees of complications which were improved after symptomatic treatment.Patients were followed up for 3 to 36 months,only 2 patients died of cerebral vascular accident,all patients gained good recovery of hip function.Harris score was (84.45 ± 9.38),the excellent rate of surgery reached 78.18％. Conclusions Atificial femoral head replacement proves significant effect in treatment of osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients,but with the accompanying surgical compliuations,special care and timely functional exercise methods should be paid attention to.

MicroRNA are endogenous non-coding small RNA composed of approximately 18 - 23 nucleotides, mainly participating in post-transcription gene regulation. More and more data show that miR-21 is over-expressed in many human cancer cells and it was involved in cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, closely related to tumorigenesis and the development of carcinoma as oncogene. Here, we will make a review about miR-21' s target gene, biosynthesis and regulation and clinical significance in order to provide a valued data for the future study and clinical application.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the influences of the concentrations of sodium cholate, cholesterol and drug, preparation temperature, ultrasonic time and power on the particle size and encapsulation efficiency of Flos Magnoliae volatile oil nano-liposome through film-ultrasonic wave technique together with membrane filter method. METHODS: The nano-liposomes were prepared by film-ultrasonic wave technique together with membrane filter method. The drug content in liposomes was determined by gas chromatography and the particle size was determined by laser light scattering granularity equipment. RESULTS: By film-ultrasonic wave technique together with membrane filter method, the liposomes in the range of 30-40 nm were prepared. The prepared nano-liposomes demonstrated good decentralization and homogeneity, and the encapsulation efficiency was (91.7+/-3)%. CONCLUSION: Film-ultrasonic wave together with membrane filter method is a simple method to fabricate nano-magnoliae liposome.

Objective To explore the effect of a training based on instructional video modeling designed from the mirror neuron theory on executive dysfunction after stroke. Methods 40 stroke inpatients with executive dysfunction from July, 2014 to July, 2015 were divided into control group (n=20) and observation group (n=20). The control group accepted executive rehabilitation training, while the observation group were asked to see the video of executive rehabilitation task before training. They were assessed with Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) before and after intervention. Results The total score and scores of subtests except Rule Shift Cards and Key Search increased more in the observation group than in the control group (t>2.9, P<0.05). Conclusion Rehabilitation video as a visual stimulus for exercise training based on the mirror neuron theory could improve executive function recovery of stroke patients with executive dysfunction.

Objective To investigate the effect of cisplatin ototoxicity on apoptosis of spiral ganglion cells(SGC), and relation between signal transportation of Caspase-3 and apoptosis of SGC.Methods Forty guinea pigs were randomly divided into 4 groups, and injected cisplatin (1, 2, 4 day group and control group). ABR and AERP (40 Hz Auditory Event Related Potentials) were tested every day after the injection, to find out the threshold changes of guinea pigs. Apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase(TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate(d-UTP) nick end labeling method (TUNEL), and immunohistochemistry method was used to detect Caspase-3 p20 segment of SCGs.Results It was observed that the more cisplatin injected, the worse hearing guinea pigs got, and the damnification of threshold on 8KHz was significantly higher than that on 1 kHz. At the same time, TUNEL staining and the expression of Caspase-3p20 segment rose up gradually, and significant difference was observed compared with control group ( P