Pharmacological actions of praziquantel against schistosome adult worms are thought to be directly linked to the disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis. The voltage-gated Ca2+ channel is an important factor in regulating the intracellular Ca2+ level. Studies have revealed that Ca2+ channel subunits may be the target for the action of praziquantel. This review summarizes the progress on the structure and function of the Ca2+ channel of Schistosoma spp and other Platyhelminths as well as the role of Ca2+ channel in action of praziquantel.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy and side effects of highly agglutinative staphylococcin injection at high dose combined with oxaliplatin or cisplatin with intraperitoneal perfusion in the treatment of malignant peritoneal effusion. Methods:Totally 60 patients with malignant peritoneal effusion were divided into two groups,32 cases in group A,and 28 cases in group B. Group A was treated with staphylococcin at high dose combined with oxaliplatin with intraperitoneal infusion after peritoneal cavity catheter drainage,and group B was treated with staphylococcin at high dose combined with cisplatin with intraperitoneal infusion after peritoneal cavity catheter drainage. All patients underwent the treatment once a week,and continuous four weeks for a courese. The clinical efficacy and adverse drug reactions were compared between the two groups. Results:The complete response rate of group A was 18. 8% ,and the total effective rate was 90. 7% ,which were both significantly higher than those of group B(P < 0. 05). The incidence of abdominal pain in group A was higher than that in group B(P < 0. 05),while there were no significant differences in the total incidence of adverse drug reactions and the other symptoms between the two groups(P > 0. 05). Conclusion:Staphylococcin at high dose combined with oxaliplatin with intraperitoneal perfusion is more effective than staphylococcin at high dose combined with cisplatin. Although abdominal pain in group A is obvious,the patients are able to tolerate with it after the symptomatic treatment,therefore,staphylococcin at high dose combined with oxaliplatin with intraperitoneal perfusion can be used as one of effective methods for the treatment of malignant peritoneal effusion.

Objective To study the effect of sesamin on glucose metabolism in hyperlipidemia rats. Method The hyperlipidemia SD rats were established by high lipid diet. These rats were intervened by sesamin for 7 w,and then their serum lipids were determined. Fasting blood glucose (FBS),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),insulin,and the pathological changes of pancreas were observed. Results Sesamin could reduce serum TC,TG,LDL-C,apoB and insulin levels,appropriately increase HDL-C and apoA contents (P

In the book of Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion by CHENG Dan-an, direct moxibustion with moxa cone was regarded as a classic style of moxibustion because of its innate character of heat induced thermal stimulus and burn toxin. CHENG Dan-an made the quantity of moxibustion more controllable through the selection of moxa wool, the size and number of moxa cones, and the tightness of moxa cones, etc. CHENG Dan-an 's clinical experience is summarized through treating stubborn and infectious diseases with direct moxibustion with moxa cone. The results showed that only with understanding the characteristics of moxibustion and key pathological mechanism of suitable disease could direct moxibustion with moxa cone and the appropriate methods be performed correctly. CHENG Dan-an confirmed the clinical effect of treating stubborn and intectious diseases with direct contact moxibustion with moxa cone, and optimized the specific operation scheme of direct moxibustion with moxa cone. It tell us that we should deeply study on moxibustion, to make it wide spread in the hereafter, bring benefit to mankind.
Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; history ; instrumentation

Mitochondrial oxidative stress has been recognized as a preliminary and critical factor that aggravates the pathological cascade of Alzheimer's disease, which induces the production of β-amyloid protein, upregulates the expression of phosphorylated tau protein and triggers oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid. Central neurons are more vulnerable to oxidative stress than non-neuronal cells due to their high oxygen demand, abundant unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidant enzymes deficiency. On this account, this review introduces the causes of mitochondrial oxidative stress, and analyzes the important role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Meanwhile, the review focuses on the design and intervention strategies of drug delivery systems targeting mitochondrial oxidative stress in neurons, aiming to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Objective This study aims to study the characteristics of intonation pronunciation in preschool children with hearing impairments .Methods A total of 30 of 4~5 years old children with hearing impairment and 30 of 4~5 years old children with normal hearing were enrolled in this study .With statement intonation and ques-tion intonation as test material ,the compartment between the children in two groups were obtained .Results Pre-school children were generally increased the ending point and slope to distinguish statement intonation .There were still differences between hearing -impaired children and normal children .Under statement intonation condition :the children with hearing impairments showed a significantly lower level of the slope of the high and level boundary tone than the normal children ,the starting point and the ending point of the falling boundary tone in hearing -impaired children were significantly lower than those of in normal children ;Meanwhile ,under question intonation condition :com-pared with normal children ,the slope of the high and level boundary tone ,the rising boundary tone and the falling -rising boundary tone in hearing -impaired children were significantly lower .The starting point ,the ending point ,the high and level boundary tone ,and the falling boundary tone in hearing -impaired children were significantly lower .Conclusion To implement targeted therapy during question intonation training for hearing -impaired children ,the acoustics characteristics of boundary tone are required to assess and monitor the effectiveness of rehabilitation .

Objective: This article combined the methods of quantitative and qualitative research to probe Luxun’ personality characteristics.Methods: Elevn Literature college teachers of Hunan normal university evaluated Luxun’ personality characteristics used the Adjective Checklist of Personality.Results: 29 adjective words were selected as fit Luxun’s personality.Cluster analysis to this 29 words showed that they may be grouped into three types: "Independently striving to improve","Self-respect and stubborn","lonely and radicalization".The method of psychobiographical analysis to Luxun’ personality showed that the childhood experience,solution to identity crisis had great influention on the development of Luxun’s personality.Moreover,through applying the Psychoanalysis,we inferred that Luxun has inferiority complex.Conclusion: Luxun’s personality’s development were influenced by many factors,like childhood experience,family’s status,his social experience and enrironment and so on.

OBJECTIVE:To promote the research and level of application of pharmacoeconomics in China.METHODS:To expound the current situation of overseas research on pharmacoeconomics and existing problem in its application at home.RE_SULTS & CONCLUSION:Many countries in the world are attaching importance to pharmacoeconomics day by day,however,there exist unclear viewpoints and improper design and data source in pharmacoeconomic research at home.

Objective To investigate the clinical and electrophysiology features of infantile spinal muscular atrophy,and explore the clinical significance of genetic diagnosis. Methods The clinical data of 13 infants suffering from infantile spinal muscular atrophy were analysed.The serum creatine phosphokinase was examined,and nerve conduction velocity was tested in median nerve,ulnar nerve,tibial nerve and peroneal nerve.The parameters such as distal motor latency,motor nerve conduction velocity and amplitude of compound motor active potential were analysed.Electromyography was performed in no less than four muscles,and the insertion potential,spontaneous potential and motor unit action potential were observed.Deletion of exon 7 in SMN1 gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP). Results All these infants were characterized by progressive flaccid paralysis in limbs.In all cases,amplitude of muscle response was significantly decreased,with prolonged distal latency and slowed conduction velocity.Electromyography demonstrated motoneuron degeneration.Deletion of exon 7 in SMN1 gene was detected in all 13 infants. Conclusion There are unique clinical and electrophysiology features for infantile spinal muscular atrophy,and electromyography may play an important role in the diagnosis.Prenatal genetic diagnosis may help to avoid the birth of this kind of infants.

Background Cardiomyocytes apoptosis was related to oxidative stress which has been shown to play an important role in ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction(MI).Probucol is a hypolipidemic and antioxidant agents.Several reports demonstrated its cardioprotective effect after MI.However,the exact effect of probucol on the modification of the apoptosis related gene Bcl-2 and Bax is not clear.Objective To investigate the effects of probucol on mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2,Bax and oxidative stress in myocardial infarcted rats.Methods Forty-one SD rats that survived 24 h after ligating left anterior descending coronary artery were randomly to receive placebo-saline(5 mL/d,n=20)or probucol(probucol 60 mg/kg?d,n=21).Twelve rats underwent sham operation were served as control(n=12).Six weeks after treatment,hemodynamic pararmeters and left ventricular function were measured with catheterization.Cardiomyocytes apoptosis were determined by TUNEL method.Myocardium mRNA of Bcl-2 and Bax expression levels in the non-infarcted myocardium were as- sessed by RT-PCR.The myocardium protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in the non-infarcted myocardium were de- termined by Western blot.Colorimetry was used to determine oxidative metabolism index in myocardium.Results 1)Compared with the sham rats,all MI rats showed marked decrease in Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression in myo- cardium with increase of Bax mRNA and protein expression and apoptosis index(P