The distribution and morphology of supraependymal cells residing within thethird ventricle of the adult rabbit and adult rat have been investigated by means ofscanning electron microscopy.Supraependymal cells can be classified into twofundamental types,those with neuronal characteristics were designated Type Ⅰ incontrast to those that appear to be macrophagic in character,which were termedType Ⅱ.The neuron-like supraependymal cells have oval cell bodies and long slen-der processes.They occurred not only singly along the ventricular surface,but alsotended to occur in clusters which may be named as neuronal complex.Usually theneuronlike structures possessed varicose fibers of various calibers,runing among thecilia,microvilli,and bulbous protrusions of the ependymal surface.The morphologyof macrophage-like ependymal cells are variable.In general,they had one or severalbroad pseudopodia.According to the number of processes,the macrophage-likesupraependymal cells may be divided into three main types.The morphology of supraependymal cells within the third ventricle of the rabbitand rat is quite similar.The role of supraependymal cells were discussed.

The types of synapses and some morphological features of the synaptic submicroscopic structures of rat hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (HVM) have been described in this study. A total of 1 005 synapses is observed. The percentage of axo-dendritic synapse is 96.6%. It covers the majority of the total number of synapses. The percentage of axo-somatic synapse is 2.8% and axo-axonic synapse is 0.5% of the total number of the synapses. The crest synapse which is never reported in the HVM was found to be 0.1%. Its postsynaptic elements come from clubbed finger-like dendritic crest which is characterized by prominent postsynaptic membrane thickening and subsynaptic dense bodies. Two presynaptic terminals contact the wall of the crest process side by side and contain spheric vesicles. In the axo-dendritic and axo-somatic synapses, the parallel synapse (including synaptic complex), the tangent-like synapse and serial-like synapse have been observed.

Objective Preparation of a stable and reliable atrioventricular blockage ( AVB) animal model is of great im-portance to anti-arrhythmic drugs and biological engineering research .The aim of the article was to establish a rat model of AVB in-duced by chemical ablation, providing an effective animal model for the development of new drugs . Methods 60 adult SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=15): normal saline (NS) group, Verapmil (Ver) group, chemical ablation group 1 and chemical ablation group 2.0.9%NaCl (5 mg/kg) was injected into caudal vein of each rat in NS group .Verapmil (5 mg/kg) was injected into the caudal vein in Ver group.Anhydrous ethanol(50μL)was injected into atrioventricular groove area in chemical abla-tion group 1.Anhydrous ethanol(50μL) was injected into atrioventricular node area in chemical ablation group 2.The electrocardio-grams of the rats were examined by electrophysiological recorder.HE staining and Connexin 43 (CX43) immunohistochemical tech-nique were applied to atrioventricular junctions of the rats . Results A rat model of AVB was successfully established .Compared with NS group([45 ±2.24]per field of view), there was a significant decrease in the CX43 expressions of chemical ablation group 1 and group 2 ([15.20 ±2.23]per field of view, [22.10 ±4.70]per field of view)(P<0.05).Concerning NS group and Ver group, myocyte tissues of the atrioventricular nodal region were detected to remain in order without obvious changes and the expres-sion of CX43 immunoreactive protein was obvious under light microscope.As to chemical ablation group 1 and group 2, myocyte tissues were in degenerative necrosis and the expression of CX43 im-munoreactive protein was in lighter staining.Compared with Ver group, the incidence rate(73.3%, 60.6%) and the mortality rate (33.3%, 26.7%)of third-degree AVB decreased remarkably(P<0.05). Conclusion Chemical ablation can be induced to estab-lish a stable and reliable rat model of AVB , providing an effective
animal model for the research and development of new anti-arrhythmic drugs.

Objective To investigate the change of the content of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS-1) in the liver of septic mice and its working mechanism.Methods Adopted Cecalligation and puncture (CLP) to create models of sepsis and divided randomly adult male BALB/c mice into 8 groups,including normal controlled group,sham-operated group,and the killed groups 2 hours,6 hours,12 hours,24 hours and 48 hours after operation.After extracting the RNA and protein from the liver tissue of the mouse groups,reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was adopted to determine the relative content of SOCS-1 mRNA in the tissue,Western blot was adopted to determine the relative content of protein and the SPSS statistics software was adopted to calculate the correlation.Then observed the pathological change of liver tissues,and detected SOCS-1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry.Results After CLP suergery,the expression of SOCS-1 on gene degree in the liver and the expression of SOCS1 on protein degree in the liver increased rapidly at the 6th hour ( P ＜ 0.05 ),with the former reaching peak ( P ＜ 0.05 ) at the 24th hour and the latter remaining high all the time.There were pathological changes such as fatty degeneration and necrosis in the septic liver tissue,hepatic SOCS-1 protein expression could be detected by immunohistochemistry.Conclusions CLP induced sepsis could lead to the increase of the expression of SOCS1 in the liver.

Objective To explore the diagnositic value of dual-phase contrast enhancement CT combined with virtual non-enhanced images by dual-energy CT in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.Methods Sixty patients who were suspected of clear cell renal cell carcinoma underwent non-enhanced CT and contrast enhancement CT of early interface-phase between cortex -medulla and parenchymal phase on a dual-energy CT.The true non-enhanced kidney CT(TNCT) was performed in a single-energy acquisition mode,but the dual-phase contrast enhancement CT were performed in a dual-energy mode of 80 kV and 140 kV respectively.The virtual non-enhanced CT ( VNCT ) images were derived from the data of early interfacephase using liver virtual non-contrast software.The diagnosises according to VNCT combined dual-phase contrast enhancement CT and dual-phase contrast enhancement CT only were made respeetively and compared with x2 test.Between the true non-contrast CT and the virtual non-contrast CT,the image quality was compared with Wilcoxon test ; The radiation dose of volume CT dose index ( CTDlvol ) and dose length product(DLP) in a single-phase and total examination,the mean CT HU values of the tumours werecompared with t test.Results The accuracy of VNCT combined dual-phase contrast enhancement CT was higher than that of dual-phase contrast enhancement CT only [93.3％ ( 56/60 ) vs.78.3％ ( 47/60 ) ; x2 =5.6,P ＜0.05].The detective ability (score) of VNCT was near to that of TNCT and the difference was not obvious( Z =0.00,P ＞ 0.05 ). The radiation dose of volume CT dose index ( CTDIvol ) and dose length product(DLP) in a single phase and total examination of VNCT[(8.85 ± 1.28) mGy,(196.45 ±21.12) mGy·cm,(17.69±2.35) mGy,(392.90±42.25) mGy · cm] were lower than that of TNCT [( 10.20 ± 1.44 ) mGy,( 218.29 ± 29.60 ) mGy · cm,( 30.61 ± 3.27 ) mGy and ( 654.86 ± 88.81 ) mGy ·cm],t =4.21,3.58,23.63,16.12 respectively,P ＜0.05.The mean CT HU values of tumours on VNCT images was higher than that on TNCT images and the difference was significant [(39.37 ± 6.35 ) vs.(34.94 ± 7.00 )HU,t =- 14.39,P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions The diagnositic value of dual-phase contrast enhancement CT combined virtual non-enhanced CT by dual-energy CT for clear cell renal cell carcinoma was obvious,most tumours can be diagnosed correctly,and the radiate dose can be decreased obviously,the normal single-energy non-enhanced and contrast enhancement CT might be replaced in the future.

Objective:To explore and analyze the points-selection rules in acupuncture treatment of mammary gland hyperplasia (MGH) by data mining and statistical method. Methods:Clinical literatures about the treatment of MGH with acupuncture published in the recent 16 years were retrieved from Chinese Journal Full-text Database (CJFD) and established into a database by Excel. The SPSS 20 version software and Clementine 12.0 version software were adopted to analyze the frequency and association rules of points-selection in the treatment of MGH with acupuncture. Results:The top 3 points used most frequently in acupuncture treatment of MGH were Danzhong (CV 17), Taichong (LR 3) and Zusanli (ST 36); points from the Stomach Meridian of Foot Yangming and Liver Meridian of Foot Jueyin were most commonly used; the commonly selected points were predominantly distributed in thoracic and abdominal regions and lower limbs; emphasis on the combination use of local and distal points; of the specific points, the five Shu-Transmitting points were mostly used; association analysis showed that the associations among Taichong (LR 3), Danzhong (CV 17) and Zusanli (ST 36) were the most significant. Conclusion: The data mining results substantially accord with the general rules of acupuncture-moxibustion theories in traditional Chinese medicine, able to reflect the points-selection principles and features in acupuncture treatment of MGH and provide evidence for the points selection in the treatment of MGH in acupuncture clinic.

Objective To explore the long-time clinical results and effection of free anterolateral thigh musculocutaneous flap for repairing the complex defects involving lateral or medial malleolar of the ankle and heel,especially for reconstructing stability of the ankle joints. Methods Thirteen patients with complex tissue defects,involving lateral or medial malleolar of the ankle and heel,were treated by free anterolateral thigh fasciomusculocutaneous flap.The fascia lata which was involved in the flap was fixed with the adjacent tissue of the recipient area.The descending branches of the lateral circumflex femoral vessels were anastomosed with the vessels in the recipient area.The largest area of the flap was 20 cm × 12 cm.The ankle joint was fixed in functional position with plaster in the early 3 months post-operatively.The following time ranged from 1.5 years to 20 years.The stability of the ankle joint were evatuated with the patients' objective feeling and clinical symptoms and imaging study.Results The stability of the ankle should be protected by external fixation in the early 3 months postoperatively,and was restored at 6 months usually.In all cases,ten cases were followed over 10 years,six cases were followed over 6 years,three cases were followed over 15 years.Though radiological discovering suggesting traumatic esteoarthritis exited in 3 cases with a follow-up more than 5 years,the clinical manifestations were fair and no one need undergo arthredesis. Conclusion Using ant erolateral thigh musculocutaneous flap for reconstructing the complex defects involving lateral or medial malleolar of the ankle and heel repairing stability of the joint and ovoiding off early arthrodosis of the joint is one of the favorable choice,especially for the teen-agers.

Objective To analyze the reason of post-operative infection of tibial plateau fracture, the therapeutic effect of using pedicle musculocutaneous flaps of proximal leg was researched and summarized. Methods There were 52 patients of tibial plateau fracture after internal fixation complicated by disunion of infected wound and soft tissue defects, traumatic osteomyelitis from January 2005 to May 2009. After pre-operative physical examination, laboratory examination, X-ray, CT scan and bacterial culture of the secretion,the operation, such as debridement, dead bone moving, medullary cavity cleaning, transferring to the external fixation when the internal fixation lost efficacy and bacterial culture of granulation tissue of different levels. The cavity was filled with RBK combined with vancomycin or tobramycin. If the cavity was rather large, autografts from the iliac bone were combined. The tissue defects were covered with pedicle musculocutaneous flaps of proximal leg, and the wound had effective drainage. The antibiotic was used for 3-4 weeks, and the X-rays were given at fixed period until the fracture was cured. Results The soft tissue defects of all 52 patients were repaired well. They were followed from 1 year to 5 years, and the time of bone union ranged from 4 months to 1 year. Two patients of osteomyelitis had a relapse after 3,4 months, then they were cured by the second operation. Three patients had unhealed fracture after 6 months, then they were cured by bone grafting again after 4-6 months. Conclusion Patients of tibial plateau fracture after internal fixation complicated by disunion of infected wound and soft tissue defects, traumatic osteomyelitis should be cured by comprehensive treatments, one of the crucial treatment for success is using pedicle musculocutaneous flaps of proximal leg to fill in lacuna, close wound, improve the local blood supply and promote bone union.

Teachers are the most important resources of colleges and univesities. Setting up the teachers' competence model of medical colleges and universities is the basis of guaranting the quality of medical education, which accords with the need of the post training of teachers and can be the basis for teachers' competence assessment.

This study examined the impact of 935MHz phone-simulating electromagnetic radiation on embryo implantation of pregnant mice. Each 7-week-old Kunming (KM) female white mouse was set up with a KM male mouse in a single cage for mating overnight after induction of ovulation. In the first three days of pregnancy, the pregnant mice was exposed to electromagnetic radiation at low-intensity (150 μW/cm(2), ranging from 130 to 200 μW/cm(2), for 2- or 4-h exposure every day), mid-intensity (570 μW/cm(2), ranging from 400 to 700 μW/cm(2), for 2- or 4-h exposure every day) or high-intensity (1400 μW/cm(2), ranging from 1200 to 1500 μW/cm(2), for 2- or 4-h exposure every day), respectively. On the day 4 after gestation (known as the window of murine embryo implantation), the endometrium was collected and the suspension of endometrial glandular cells was made. Laser scanning microscopy was employed to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular calcium ion concentration. In high-intensity, 2- and 4-h groups, mitochondrial membrane potential of endometrial glandular cells was significantly lower than that in the normal control group (P<0.05). The calcium ion concentration was increased in low-intensity 2-h group but decreased in high-intensity 4-h group as compared with the normal control group (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was found in mitochondrial membrane potential of endometrial glandular cells between low- or mid-intensity groups and the normal control group, indicating stronger intensity of the electromagnetic radiation and longer length of the radiation are required to inflict a remarkable functional and structural damage to mitochondrial membrane. Our data demonstrated that electromagnetic radiation with a 935-MHz phone for 4 h conspicuously decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and lowered the calcium ion concentration of endometrial glandular cells. It is suggested that high-intensity electromagnetic radiation is very likely to induce the death of embryonic cells and decrease the chance of their implantation, thereby posing a high risk to pregnancy.