Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) show good efficacy for the lung cancer patients with EGFR mutations.Chemotherapy drugs are the first choices for the lung cancer patients with EGFR wild-type.In basic research,EGFR-TKIs combination with chemotherapy drugs show good synergy.But in clinical research,the timing of EGFR-TKIs combination with chemotherapy drugs is related to the efficacy.

Warfighter physiological status monitor (WPSM) is a new device for noninvasive biomedical measurements for soldier vital signs in operational environments. This paper gives an introduction to the WPSM and analyses the key technologies to design WPSM. The wearable technology can provide a systematic way of monitoring the vital signs of humans in a unobstrusive manner. In this paper the wearable technology is used to design WPSM to fulfill non-instrusive vital signs detection.

Anemia is commonly observed in lung cancer patients,and it is mainly caused by chemotherapy.Anemia can cause several debilitating symptoms such as fatigue and tachycardia which will not only influence the patients' quality of life and therapy effect,but also short the survival time.So anemia has been regarded as a poor independent prognostic indicator of the disease.Transfusion the erythrocytes and using the erythropoiesis stimulating agents is the main treatments of the disease.Using the erythropoiesis stimulating agents is the main treatment before the hemoglobin decreasing significantly in order to reduce the times of transfusion.Keeping the hemoglobin between 10.0-12.0 g/dl can improve the patients' quality of life and avoid the adverse events such as thrombus formation at the same time.

Biomedical signal analysis often needs to separate the trend component from the non-trend component to achieve different purposes and applications in signal analysis. This article introduces three kinds of detrending nonlinear component methods used in the process of biomedical signal analysis: wavelet analysis, empirical mode decomposition, smoothness priors approach as well as the application in the separation of the actual biomedical data. The different separation methods should be selected according to different research goals as well as the feature of the signal.
Algorithms ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Wavelet Analysis

Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis technology based on an autoregressive (AR) model is widely used in the assessment of autonomic nervous system function. The order of AR models has important influence on the accuracy of HRV analysis. This article presents a method to determine the optimum order of AR models. After acquiring the ECG signal of 46 healthy adults in their natural breathing state and extracting the beat-to-beat intervals (RRI) in the ECG, we used two criteria, i. e. final prediction error (FPE) criterion to estimate the optimum model order for AR models, and prediction error whiteness test to decide the reliability of the model. We compared the frequency domain parameters including total power, power in high frequency (HF), power in low frequency (LF), LF power in normalized units and ratio of LF/HF of our HRV analysis to the results of Kubios-HRV. The results showed that the correlation coefficients of the five parameters between our methods and Kubios-HRV were greater than 0.95, and the Bland-Altman plot of the parameters was in the consistent band. The results indicate that the optimization algorithm of HRV analysis based on AR models proposed in this paper can obtain accurate results, and the results of this algorithm has good coherence with those of the Kubios-HRV software in HRV analysis.
Adult ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Reproducibility of Results ; Software

The forced oscillation technique (FOT) is a noninvasive method for respiratory mechanics measurement. For the FOT, external signals (e.g. forced oscillations around 4-40 Hz) are used to drive the respiratory system, and the mechanical characteristic of the respiratory system can be determined with the linear system identification theory. Thus, respiratory mechanical properties and components at different frequency and location of the airway can be explored by specifically developed forcing waveforms. In this paper, the theory, methodology and clinical application of the FOT is reviewed, including measure ment theory, driving signals, models of respiratory system, algorithm for impedance identification, and requirement on apparatus. Finally, the future development of this technique is also discussed.
Algorithms ; Electric Impedance ; Oscillometry ; Physical Therapy Modalities ; Respiratory Mechanics

In comparison with the measurement of heart rate variability from ECG and from photoplethysmographic signal from 46 healthy adults in their spontaneous breathing state. The beat-to-beat intervals in ECG and pulse-to-pulse intervals in photoplethysmographic signal are extracted, and then the parameters of heart rate variability are calculated. Three kinds of algorithms are chosen to get the pulse-to-pulse intervals, which are the intervals of maximum of second derivative, the maximum of PPG signal and the tangent intersection. The results show that the correlation coefficients of the HRV parameters in the two calculation methods are highly correlated. The Bland-Altman scattered plots show the relative bias results from the algorithm of the maximum of PPG signal are smallest and singular points that deviate from the consistent limits are the least compared with the other two algorithms.
Adult ; Algorithms ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Photoplethysmography ; Reproducibility of Results

To investigate the effect of stepwise paced breathing (PB) on pulse transit time (PTT), we collected physiological signals of electrocardiogram (ECG), respiration and arterial pulse wave during a procedure of stepwise PB, which consists of 6 different breathing rates changing in a protocol of 14.0-12.5-11.0-9.5-8.0-7.0 breath per minute (BPM), with each breathing rate lasting 3 minutes. Twenty two healthy adults involved in this experiment and the change of PTT was analyzed during the stepwise PB procedure. In our study, the PTT was measured by calculating the time interval from the R-spike of the ECG to the peaks of the second derivative of the arterial pulse wave. Ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) was applied to PTT to decompose the signal into different intrinsic mode function, and respiratory oscillation and trend component (baseline) in PTT were further extracted. It was found that the respiratory oscillations in the PTT increased with decreasing of the PB rate, and many of the subjects (14 out of 22) showed the phenomena of PTT baseline increasing during the stepwise PB procedure. The results indicated that the stepwise PB procedure induced a high level of cardiovascular oscillation and produced an accumulative effect of PTT baseline increase. As PTT is capable of predicting changes in BP over a short period of time, increase of PTT baseline indicates the decrease of blood pressure. The experiments showed that the stepwise PB procedure could reduce blood pressure for most subjects. For future work, it is necessary to develop certain indices differentiating the effectiveness of the stepwise PB procedure on the PTT baseline change, and to test the effectiveness of this stepwise PB procedure on blood pressure reduction for patients with essential hypertension.
Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Determination ; Electrocardiography ; Essential Hypertension ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Respiration ; Respiratory Rate

This paper introduces a free and publicly open ICU database: multi-parameter intelligent monitoring in intensive care II: MIMIC-II, which has been built up and maintained by the laboratory of computational physiology at the Massachusetts Institute Technology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Philips Healthcare over the past decade. This paper briefly introduces its infrastructure, implementation and applications in clinical studies. Clinical study pertaining to circadian variation in heart rate and blood pressure during sepsis is shown as a typical example of research performed with MIMIC-II. In this study, it was found there was significant difference in circadian variation in both heart rate and blood pressure between survival and non-survival groups in septic patients. This study tackled several important techniques necessary for the investigation of the circadian rhythm.
Blood Pressure ; Circadian Rhythm ; Critical Care ; Data Mining ; Databases, Factual ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Medical Informatics

Objective To design a high performance and low power consumption ECG signal acquisition system which can meet the demand for long time monitoring of the physiological status of patients.Methods The prototype system utilized low power ECG analog front end ADAS1000 and MSP430F5529 microcontroller to achieve configuration of AFE and back-reading of ECG data by SPI bus. Results This system implemented 24-hour dynamic ECG monitoring of patients in active state, and the data acquired were accurate and reliable.Conclusion The system realizes PCB integration, low power consumption, and can be used for battery powered portable application such as wearable devices.