Purpose To evaluate the subclassifications of pT2 diseases in tumor-nodes-metastases ( TNM) staging system for prostate cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients who underwent radical prostatectomy ( RP) with the diag-nosis of clinically localized PCa was conducted. Any preoperative therapies, in terms of active surveillance, hormone therapy or radia-tion were exclusion criteria. The RP specimens were completely embedded and histopathologically evaluated for extraprostatic exten-sion, seminal vesicle invasion and staged according to the 2002/2010 TNM staging criteria. Results Using current 2002/2010 TNM staging criteria, in all, 15 cases of the tumors were pT2, 10 cases were pT3a, and 5 cases were pT3a. When subclassification of pT2, 2 cases of the tumors were pT2a, 13 cases of the tumors were pT2c, and none was identified as a pathological T2b tumor. Conclusion The results of the present study suggest that the pathological substaging criteria of organ-confined prostate cancer via methods used in the current 2002/2010 TNM staging system may not be appropriate. Efforts should be made to upgrade the current TNM staging system for prostate cancer.

Compared with teenage patients,adult patients generally show a slower rate of tooth movement and more pronounced alveolar bone loss during orthodontic treatment,indicating the maladaptation of alveolar bone homeostasis under orthodontic force.However,this phenomenon is not well-elucidated to date,leading to increased treatment difficulties and unsatisfactory treatment outcomes in adult orthodontics.Aiming to provide a comprehensive knowledge and further inspire insightful understanding towards this issue,this review summarizes the current evidence and underlying mechanisms.The age-related abatements in mechanosensing and mechanotransduction in adult cells and periodontal tissue may contribute to retarded and unbalanced bone metabolism,thus hindering alveolar bone reconstruction during orthodontic treatment.To this end,periodontal surgery,physical and chemical cues are being developed to reactivate or rejuvenate the aging periodontium and restore the dynamic equilibrium of orthodontic-mediated alveolar bone metabolism.We anticipate that this review will present a general overview of the role that aging plays in orthodontic alveolar bone metabolism and shed new light on the prospective ways out of the impasse.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting BCR-ABL1 has significantly improved the survival and prognosis of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, long-term treatment with TKI has caused many problems like adverse drug reactions, decreasing the quality of patients' life and increasing financial burden. Therefore, whether CML patients can successfully stop taking TKI after reaching a certain therapeutic standard has become a matter of concern. At present, treatment-free remission (TFR) has already become a new target for CML therapy. Several clinical trials have confirmed the feasibility and safety of TFR in specific patient populations, and TFR is now incorporated into clinical guidelines. This paper reviews the main reasons for CML patients' pursuit of TFR and the possible mechanisms of TFR.

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of nurse professional self-concept between autonomous learning ability and perceived professional benefit.Methods:From April to June 2019, 295 nurses from two hospitals in Yanbian were selected as the research subject by convenience sampling. A survey was conducted on nurses using the General Information Questionnaire, Questionnaire of Nurses' Perceived Professional Benefits, Rating Scale of Self-directed Learning Competence for Nurses, and Professional Self-concept Scale of Nurses. A total of 295 questionnaires were distributed, and 290 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective response rate of 98.3% (290/295) .Results:290 nurses scored (133.49±21.75) on the Questionnaire of Nurses' Perceived Professional Benefits, (129.74±26.08) on the Rating Scale of Self-directed Learning Competence for Nurses, and (89.39±14.65) on the Professional Self-concept Scale of Nurses. Pearson correlation analysis results showed that there were positive correlations among nurses' perceived professional benefit, autonomous learning ability, and professional self-concept ( P<0.05). The stepwise regression analysis showed that nurse professional self-concept played a complete mediating effect between nurse autonomous learning ability and perceived professional benefit. Conclusions:Nurses' professional self-concept plays a complete mediating effect between autonomous learning ability and nurses' perceived professional benefit. Effective intervention in nurses' professional self-concept and autonomous learning ability is an important way to enhance their perceived professional benefit.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of acute calculous cholecystitis in over 80 years old patients.Methods A retrospective study was made on the clinical data of 71 cases diagnosed as acute calculous cholecystitis and receiving surgical treatment from Sep 2006 to Sep 2016.Patients were divided into three groups:Early LC group (25 patients),PTGD group (29 patients),the staged LC group (17 patients) after PTGD.Results There was statistically significant difference in the gallbladder wall thickness,operation time and blood loss between the two LC groups.There was no statistically significant difference between the two LC groups in other baseline data and hospital stay,hospital cost,rate of postoperational complication,rate of conversion to open procedure between the two LC groups.There was statistically significant difference between the early LC group and PTGD group in the baseline data.Logistic regression analysis indicated that the TG13 grade was an important influence factor for treatment selection of PTGD (OR=3.957,P=0.015,95％CI:1.30-12.043).Conclusion Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was safe for good risk over 80 years old patients.For poor risk patients,PTGD is recommended before a LC attempt.

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a kind of devastating and common neuropsychiatric disorder, and its etiology remains to be determined. Dizocilpine MK-801 animal models, which can cover the major endophenotypes of SCZ, are widely used in the study of SCZ. In this paper, the research status is reviewed about the pathogenic mechanism, modeling method, behavioral characteristics of MK-801 animal models of SCZ in recent years in order to provide some possible ideas for the study of SCZ.

Objective:To investigate the current status of hospitalized neonatal death of different gestational ages in Shaanxi Province.Methods:All neonatal deaths in six hospitals in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and the differences in perinatal complications, the causes of death, and the age at death were compared using Chi-square (or Fisher's exact ) test. Results:(1) Totally, 220 488 neonates were delivered in the obstetric department of the six hospitals during the study period; 71 782 out of them were admitted to the neonatal department. While 424 neonatal death was reported, giving the total hospitalized neonates mortality rate of 5.5‰ (394/71 782), which included 152 deaths of transferred patients ( n=9 103, 16.7‰), 226 premature (53.3%), 196 term (46.2%), and two post-term infants (0.5%). (2) Among mothers of dead neonates, 73.6% were found to have at least one perinatal complication. The most common one was fetal distress (146 cases, 34.4%), followed by gestational diabetes mellitus (113 cases, 26.7%), amniotic fluid abnormalities ( n=73, 17.2%), maternal infectious diseases ( n=71, 16.8%), and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) ( n=52, 12.3%). The lower the gestational age, the higher the proportion of multiple pregnancies and assisted reproduction technology applied (Fisher exact test, P<0.05). On the contrary, the higher the gestational age, the higher the cesarean section rate ( χ 2=26.69, P<0.001). HDP was more likely to occur in the gestational age of 28-31 +6 and 32-34 +6 weeks ( χ 2=37.16, P<0.001), and amniotic fluid abnormalities were more likely to occur in those over 37 weeks ( χ 2=27.47, P<0.001). (3) The five leading causes of neonatal death were neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS, n=100, 23.6%), neonatal asphyxia ( n=88, 20.8%), maternal infectious diseases ( n=80, 18.9%), and birth defects ( n=54, 12.7%), and pulmonary hemorrhage ( n=22, 5.2%). The first three causes of death in term and post-term infants were neonatal asphyxia ( n=65, 32.8%), birth defects ( n=42, 21.2%), and infectious diseases ( n=26, 13.1%). NRDS ( n=83, 36.7%), infectious diseases ( n=54, 23.9%), and neonatal asphyxia ( n=23, 10.2%) were the three leading causes of death of premature babies. (4) Out of the 326 (76.9%) neonatal deaths within seven days after birth, 162 (38.2%) died within 24 h after birth and 164 cases (38.7%) between one to seven days after birth. Conclusions:Most neonatal deaths occurred among preterm ones and within seven days after birth, whose mothers suffered perinatal complications. The causes of neonatal death vary among different gestational age groups.

We expressed and prepared the recombinant fusion protein sTNFRII-gAD consisted of soluble TNF receptor II and the globular domain of adiponectin by Adenovirus Vector System in mammalian BHK21c022 cells. First we used the adenovirus vector containing EGFP gene (rAd5-EGFP) to infect BHK21c022 cells at different MOI (from 0 to 1 000), and then evaluated their transduction efficiency and cytotoxicity. Similarly, we constructed the replication-deficient adenovirus type 5-sTNFRII-gAD (rAd5-sTNFRII-gAD). We collected the supernatants for Western blotting to determine the optimal MOI by comparing the expression levels of sTNFRII-gAD fusion protein, 48 h after the BHK21c022 cells were infected by rAd5-sTNFRII-gAD at different MOIs (from 0 to 1 000). Then, we chose rAd5-sTNFRII-gAD at MOI 100 to infect five bottles of BHK21c022 cells in 100 mL of serum-free chemically defined media 100 mL, harvested the supernatant every 48 h for 6 times, and condense and purify sTNFRII-gAD fusion protein by ammonium sulfate salt-out and size-exclusion chromatography, respectively. Finally, we analyzed anti-TNFalpha activity of sTNFRII-gAD fusion protein on L929 cells in vitro. The results showed that the number of BHK21c022 cells expressing EGFP protein was increased significantly with the increase of MOI. However, some cells died at MOI of 1 000 while there was no significant cytotoxicity at MOI from 0 to 100. Western blotting analysis showed that the more adenoviruses, the higher expression of sTNFRII-gAD fusion protein in the supernatant with the highest expression at MOI 1 000. We successfully obtained about 11 mg bioactive and purified sTNFRII-gAD fusion protein at last. The in vitro assay demonstrated that the sTNFRII-gAD fusion protein was potent to antagonize TNFalpha's cytotoxicity to L929 cells. Put together, we established a recombinant adenovirus vector/BHK21 cell expression system, characteristic of the efficient serum-free culture and easy scaling-up.
Adenoviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Adiponectin ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics

With the continuous development of bioinformatics technology and precision medicine, genetic mechanism investigations of genetic diseases including cleft lip and palate (CLP) have been getting more and more attention. Researchers have focused on the coding sequence of the genome and successfully found many CLP causative mutations, but there still remain some unsolved questions. In recent years, researchers′ vision has gradually shifted to non-protein coding region of the genome. This article reviews several coding sequence mutations, non-protein coding variants and their genetic mechanisms discovered in CLP researches.