Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) has been a recent concern given the high incidence of tumors. Increasing amounts of re-search report that PLA2 is an inflammatory factor that is closely associated with tumor incidence. Moreover, it displays high specificity, minimal biological variation, is rarely affected by other inflammation markers, and has a definite relation with the differentiation in tu-mors of the digestive tract, such as intestinal and gastric cancers. PLA2 is also related to the invasion mechanisms, metastasis, and apop-tosis of tumors. In addition, PLA2 can be applied to the scoring and to the clinical and medicinal treatment of the Gleason tumor, which is found in prostatic cancers of the genital system. It is also closely related to the proliferation and infiltration of ovarian cancer cells. Therefore, PLA2 can be used as a new test index for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of tumors, which may generate a new research direction with respect to the forecasting of tumor incidence and progression. The bionomics of PLA2 facilitate the use of inflammatory factors in the detection procedures utilized by clinical laboratories, which can monitor the conditions of cancer patients in advance and effectively customize treatment regimens for such patients.

Objective To compare the surgical outcome of Lichtenstein,open preperitoneal technique and double-laver mesh technique in tension free repair of incarcerated inguinal hernia.Methods Totally 438 cases of indirect inguinal hernia in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed from January 2008 to January 2012,io which 154 patients received Lichtenstein,186 patients received open preperitoneal technique and 98 patients received double-layer mesh technique.Results The recurrence rates of these three groups were low,0.65％,0.54％,0,respectively,and there was no significant difference in the recurrence rate between these 3 groups (P ＞0.05),but significant difference in the foreign body sensation and postoperative pain between the open preperitoneal technique group and the other two groups(P ＜ 0.05),and the cost of the double-layer mesh technique group was ahout 2000 yuan higher than the other two groups.Conclusion The open preperitoneal technique can reduce the postoperative pain and foreign body sensation after surgery with low cost,and it is a good choice for inguinal hernia repair.

Objective:To evaluate the changes of urinary and sexual function after pelvic autonomic nerve preservation with total mesorectal excision operation in patients of rectal cancer . Methods:Fifty-two patients of Dukes B stage received The PANP following TME with follow-up was complete in 38 cases while TME in 35 cases of Dukes B from January 2004 to August 2006. The urinary and sexual dysfunctions of patients in case and control group were analyzed retrospectively by case-control study. Urinary and sexual function were evaluated by means of questionnaires before and after operation.Results:The micturation dysfunction rate was 15.7%(6/38) and 40%(14/35) ,the sexual dysfunction rate was 18.4%(7/38) and 51.4%(18/35)in case and control group respectively,with the difference being significant(P=0.013,P=0.002).Conclusion:The PANP following TME for rectal cancer could reduce sexual and micturition disorder rate and improve the quality of life of the patients after operation.

PURPOSE 10 cases of testicle embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) were treated in the Cancer Hospital of Shanghai Medical University from 1971 to 1988. All cases were treated by orchiectomy followed by retroperitoneal node dissection and three of them did not have lymph node metastases. Methods 2 cases were given postoperative irradiation, 7 cases received adjuvant chemotherapy. Results The 2-. 5-year overall survival were 50% and 30% respectively. Conclusion This report analyzes the prognosis of adult testicle embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. The treatment is a combination of surgery、 chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Intensive chemotherapy should be administered. The prognosis of RMS in adult seems to be worse than in childhood. Patients with negative lymph nodes has better outcome than those with node metastases. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection after radical inguinal orchiectomy is unnecessary in patients without CT evidence of nodal involvement.

Objective To introduce the methods and cosmetic effect of reduction mammaplasty in patients with benign diseases of breast. Methods From December 1990 to November 2001, reduction mammaplasty was performed in 15 patients with breast hypertrophy, ptosis and benign diseases, including hamartoma (1 case), adenofibroma (1 case), lobular hyperplasia with adenofibroma (2 cases), mild papillomatosis (2 cases), ductal ectasia with secretion depot (2 cases), and lobular and ductal epithelial hyperplasia (7 cases). Nine patients received reduction mammaplasty using an inferior pyramidal pedicle technique, and six patients received Mckissock vertical bipedicle technique. Results The successful rate was high (89.6 %), except that three mammary glands developed necrosis of whole areola in Mckissock procedure group. Complications caused by breast hypertrophy and benign diseases were improved apparently. Conclusion Reduction mammaplasty is the best option for the treatment of breast hypertrophy and ptosis with benign diseases.

Objective To investigate the effect of the general anesthesia combined with peridural anesthesia on hirschsprung's radical operation through children abdominoscope. Methods 40 children patients with hirschsperung were elective eradicative operated by using endotrachal intubation complex vein general anesthesia combined with continuons peridural anesthesia.ECG,HR,MAP,SPO 2,P ET CO 2 were monitored, and blood gas were recorded and analyzed before pneumoperitoneum,15 minutes and 40 minutes after pneumoperitoneum,1 minute after deflation,before decannulation at the operation termination.Results Compared with before pneumoperitoneum date,HR inereased obviously 40 minutes after pneumoperitoneum,and before decannulation at the operation termination,peak pressure in airway increased obviously after pneumoperitoneum,the difference was notable,SPO 2 decreased after pneumoperitoneum,the difference was also significant.pH decreased gradually with the time prolongation,there was obviously difference.The trend of P ET CO 2 and PaCO 2 changes were analogous,P ET CO 2 had much notable difference after pneumoperitoneum,PaCO 2 had notable difference at the operation termination,and before decannulation,it was decreased to the basic value.Conlusions Hirschsprung's Disease eradical operation using general anesthesia combined with peridural anesthesia under abdominoscope guide,can immobilize ill children completely,relieve pain perfectly,muscular relaxation satisfactory,the physical interference to body is little and less complication.

Objective To study the influence of environment oxygen supplement and passive smoking on the blood gas indexes in rabbits.Methods Eighty adult Newzealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups,20 in each.The oxygen supplement and passive smoking group was exposed to cigarette smoke produced by 25 burning cigarettes,four hours per time,consecutively for twenty-four hours,simultaneously exposed to oxygen produced by two oxygen generators(600-1 000 ml/min per generator).The oxygen supplement group was exposed to oxygen produced by two oxygen generators(600-1 000 ml/min per generator) consecutively for twenty-four hours.The passive smoking group was exposed to cigarette smoke produced by 25 burning cigarettes,four huors per time,consecutively for twenty-four hours.The control group was exposed to general feeding environment.The analysis of variance of factorial design(2?2) was conducted,five blood gas indexes were measured.Results Under the condition of surroundings oxygen increasing,the partial pressure of blood oxygen was improved significantly(P0.05).No evident interaction was found between surroundings oxygen increasing and passive smoking.Conclusion Oxygen metabolism can be improved by environment oxygen supplement in rabbits,and the effect of passive smoking on the investigated five blood gas indexes is not considered significant.

Objective To describe the results of the Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS) in Beijing in 2010; and investigatethe factors related with the results. Methods The result of the UNHS investigated by 106 maternity hospitals were reported. These hospitalswere investigated with the self-made questionnaire. Results In 2010, 159888 infants (91.99%) were screened in 106 maternity hospitals inBeijing as the 1st stage UNHS. 10.32% of them failed OAE tests. 72.30% received the 2nd stage UNHS and 13.27% of them failed testsagain. The referral rate was 0.99% in the end. The screening rate of both the 1st and 2nd stage was more in the newborn with Beijing householdregistration than in those with other household registration, as well as the hospitals in urban than in rural areas. For the rate fail in the1st stage UNHS, it was more in hospitals in urban than in rural areas, with distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) than with transientevoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE), by the bed than in the special room, and screening only once than screening again. ConclusionThe quality of UNHS is as high as in the developed countries in the newborn with Beijing household registration. To further improvethe screening rate, it is important to focus on the newborn with other household registers and the hospitals in rural areas. The instrument, personnelqualifications, environment and operation need to be further standardized.

In this paper,we analyzed one case of primary multifocal extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and reviewed the related literatures.We investigated the clinical data of this case with primary multifocal extranodal lymphoma and retrospected the related references.The key words,primary extranodal lymphoma and multifocal,were used to search Pubmed and Wanfang Database,and finally only three cases were found.The 68-yea-old woman was confirmatively diagnosed as primary multifocal extranodal B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.The positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan showed multiple hypermetabolic lesions in the left humerus,both kidneys and ileum.The confirmative diagnosis was based on clinical manifestations and serological tests,imaging features of CT and PET/CT,and especially on the histopathological and immunohistochemical studies.After one cycle chemotherapy (rituximab,Vincristine and prednisone) and another cycle (rituximab,Vincristine,cyclophosphamide and prednisone),a repeat PET/CT scan showed a complete metabolic resolution of the lesions in the kidneys and ileum,and a partial metabolic resolution of the left humerus.After four cycles of chemotherapy,there were new extensive involvements of the right supraclavicular and intrapulmonary lymph nodes,bilateral pleural and pericardium,and the patient gave up chemotherapy.This case demonstrated the imaging findings of an uncommon primary multifocal extranodal lymphoma in left humerus,both kidneys and ileum,and highlighted the usefulness of CT and PET/CT scan in identifying the extent of disease involvement,in guiding a biopsy,and in assessing the treatment response of lymphoma.It is essential to differentiate between primary multifocal extranodal lymphoma and lymphoma extensive metastases.