Objective To analyze clinical materials and follow-up results of acute ECHO viral encephalitis in 35 children for improving recognition of this disease.Methods A total of 35 cases of acute ECHO viral encephalitis were retrospectively analyzed and followed-up,which were diagnosed.Results The clinical manifestations were as follows:headache(35 cases,100%),fever(35 cases,100%),vomiting(27 cases,77%),convulsion(8 cases,23%), positive meningeal irritation syndrome(30 cases,85%);the number of cells was(0～0.136)?10~9/L and the peak of protein was 0.8g/L in spinal fluid.30 cases(86%)had abnormal electroencephalogram,10 of which had abnormal CT scanning.18 patients were followed up,and 3(11%)of them had epilepsy seizure.The time of recovery of elec- troencephalogram was different and the longest time was 8 months.Conclusion The clinical features of ECHO viral encephalitis are non-specific of which mainly is meningoencephalitis with slighter state and better comprehensive treatment.The time for recovery of electroencephalogram is longer.Only few patients have epilepsy sequelae.

Objective:To compare the positive rate and its coincidence with biopsy of HE staining-Pap's classification and Pap's staining-The Bethesda System(TBS).Methods:HE staining-Pap's classification were used to examine 4005 smears from January to June in 2001, while 2947 smears from April to August in 2002 were screened by Pap's staining-TBS. Meanwhile the abnormal cases were finally diagnosed by histopathology.Results:The positive rate of Pap's staining-TBS (5.29%) were significantly higher than that of traditional Pap's classification(0.32%)( P

Objective To study the digitalized radiography of total spine in order to achieve one-time imaging of total spine. Methods The film shelter was designed to meet the demands of tile film case of Fuji CR system. Results 2000 qualified digitalized images of total spine were taken. Conclusion Digitalized radiograph can provide accurate and reliable images for clinical diagnosis and treatment of spine pathological changes.

Objective To study the application and management of direct DR system and evaluate the imaging quality and reliability of DR system in Drum Tower Hospital since 2007.Methods General X-ray machines were reassembled into DR system,and new DR systems were purchased,in order to digitalize the radiological examination.Results 32,000 films were obtained by DR system.Conclusion DR system,with high-quality imaging,low radiation dose and high efficiency,can enhance the quality of clinical diagnosis.

Rett syndrome(RTT),an X-linked dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by regression of language,stereotype hand movement and loss of purposeful hand use,is primarily caused by mutation of menthyl-CpG-binding protein 2(MECP2).The 76 kb human MECP2 is characterized by three salient features: a very large intron 2(60 kb),an 8.5 kb 3′-UTR with highly conserved regions and different polyadenylation sites,and a 40 kb intergenic region separating MECP2 from the nearest upstream gene.There are two isoforms of MeCP2,MeCP2e1 and MeCP2e2.The differences between the two isoforms,the function of the 3′-UTR and the long-range cis-regulatory sequences in the intergenic region were extensively studied.In contrast to initial report,recent studies show that MeCP2 binds not only to methylated promoters and silence transcription,but also to the sites outside of genes containing only a few of CpG islands.Furthermore,MeCP2 can function as both an activator and a repressor of transcription.Abstract:SUMM ARY Rett syndrome(RTT),an X-linked dom inant neurodevelopmental d isorder characterized by regression of language,stereotype hand movement and loss of purposeful hand use,is primarily caused by mutation of menthyl-CpG-bind ing protein 2(MECP2).The 76 kb humanMECP2is characterized by three salient features: a very large intron 2(60 kb),an 8.5 kb 3′-UTR with highly conserved regions and d ifferent polyadenylation sites,and a 40 kb intergenic region separatingMECP2from the nearest up-stream gene.There are two isoforms ofMeCP2,MeCP2e1 and MeCP2e2.The d ifferences between the two isoforms,the function of the 3′-UTR and the long-range cis-regulatory sequences in the intergenic re-gion were extensively stud ied.In contrast to initial report,recent stud ies show thatMeCP2 binds not only to methylated promoters and silence transcription,but also to the sites outside of genes containing only a few of CpG islands.Furthermore,MeCP2 can function as both an activator and a repressor of transcrip-tion.

The effects of cytochalasin D (CD), isolated from Engleromyces goetzii found in our country, on cells of established human esophageal cancer line (ECa-109 cell line) were investigated. It was demonstrated that CD was capable of inhibiting the growth of the cells at the concentration of 0.2?g/ml as indicted by growth curve. The action of CD, however, is reversible, and the cells will gradually grow again normally following the withdrawal of CD. The result also indicated that some proportion of the cells became binucleated or multinucleated after CD treatment. And as the duration of exposure time to CD increased. the multinucleated cells increased in number also. At the concentration of 0.5?g/ml of CD, a phenomenon of extrution of nucleus can be seen among the cells. The nucleus is departed from the cell body but still linked by a fine cytoplasm bridge (Fig. 2). The CD-treated cells bacame enucleated when they subjected to centrifugation following CD treatment. The minicells obtained from enucleation appeared to be normal morphologically with nucleoli but retained only a little cytoplasm around the nucleus. Electromicroscopic observation showed that mitochondria and tonofibrils increased after CD treatment, but we failed to find any changes of microfilaments within the cells.

An“agar-island organ culture”technique is described.It consists of both agar substratum and liquid medium in the same culture dish,so that chemicals in different concentrations can be added into the liquid portion of the medium,a convenient method to test their effects on explants.The procedures are as follows: To one gram of agar in a flask,50 ml of aqua distillata is added,and then heated until the agar is completely dissolved.Then add in 50 ml of double-strength 199 solu- tio(?) into the flask.After shaking gently,mixing the media completely,pour it into a dish until it reaches 2/3 of its height.A few minutes later the agar will solidify.Cut off most of the agar substratum and leave enough agar to form“islands”(Eig.A,B).Then add in liguid medium which is composed of 8 vol 199 solution,2 vol calf serum,2 vol extract of 9-day chick embryo diluted into 50% in Hank's solution and a few drops of diluted penicillin and streptomycin.The explants are placed on the agar-islands,the culture dishes covered with glass tops,sealed with paraffin,are put into an incubator.The cul- ture dishes are not sealed they are put into an incubator supplemented with 5%CO_2 Using this technique,we have cultured 80 explanls of 13-day chick embryo meta- tarsal skin for 7～21 days.And the effect of vit.A with different concentrations are tested The results show that the effects of vit,A on the differentiation of the chick embryo metatarsal skin explants are different with the different concentrations.We believe that this technique can be much more convenient as a method to study the eff- ects of chemicals in different concentrations on explants.The other uses of this tech(?)i- que,such as carcinogenesis in culture,the study of embryonic induction,especially the diffuse mechanism of embryo induction are also briefly discussed.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.Methods The clinical data of 826 cases with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were retrospectively analyzed.The jaundice appeared time,clinical characteristics were monitored,and the causes of jaundice appeared were analyzed.Results The jaundice cases at ≤ 1 day,＞ 1 ～ 7 days,more than ＞ 7 days were 71 cases,471 cases,284 cases,accounted for 8.60％,57.02％,34.38％ ;The top three risk factors of jaundice constitute were breast milk jaundice,perinatal factors,infectious factors,the cases were 215 cases,206 cases,200 cases,the proportions were 26.03 ％,24.94％,24.21％ ;The proportion jaundice of newborn caused by ABO hemolytic was 9.44％ ;There were 220 cases of 812 cases had neonatal jaundice,including 170 cases of full-term of breast milk jaundice,the proportion was 27.15％,50 cases of preterm infants of breast milk jaundice,accounted for 26.88％,there was no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05) ;78 cases was full-term breast milk jaundice,the proportion was 22.94％,120 cases of cesarean section appeared breast milk jaundice,accounting for 36.81％,the difference was statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The degree of neonatal jaundice is affected by many factors,which related with individual differences,geographical,economic and cultural level,race,gender,feeding methods,genetic and so on,the strict observation and identification of neonatal jaundice and the establishment of supervision system and the protection for active and effective measures,taking active and effective treatment have very good effect to reduce hyperbilirubinemia complication as well as a good effect on the prevention and treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

SUMMARY Rett syndrome (RTT) , an X-linked dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by regression of language, stereotype hand movement and loss of purposeful hand use, is primarily caused by mutation of menthyl-CpG-binding protein 2 ( MECP2 ). The 76 kb human MECP2 is characterized by three sab'ent features; a very large intron 2 (60 kb) , an 8. 5 kb 3'-UTR with highly conserved regions and different polyadenylation sites, and a 40 kb intergenic region separating MECP2 from the nearest upstream gene. There are two isoforms of MeCP2, MeCP2el and MeCP2e2. The differences between the two isoforms, the function of the 3'-UTR and the long-range cis-regulatory sequences in the intergenic region were extensively studied. In contrast to initial report, recent studies show that MeCP2 binds not only to methylated promoters and silence transcription, but also to the sites outside of genes containing only a few of CpG islands. Furthermore, MeCP2 can function as both an activator and a repressor of transcription.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and effects on cognitive functioning of antipsychotic addition to serotonin reuptake inhibitors in patients with treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Methods 58 therapy-resistant OCD patients were randomly grouped and receipt 8-week quetiapine-augmentation treatment or placebo respectively. At baseline and post-treatment, in order to evaluate symptom, executive functions, attention and memory, all patients were measured with Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and cognitive functioning test, which included Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Stroop Color Word Test,Continuous Performance Test and Memory Scale. Results Comparing quetiapine-augmentation group and placebo, there was significant difference of Y-BOCS total score between baseline and post-treatment (baseline:28.5±4.4,26.3±6.5,post-treatment:18.5±6.4,25.7±5.4, respectively,P=0.01). There was no major effects on cognitive functioning, apart from a failure to maintain set on the WCST (baseline:1.2±1.1,1.3±1.4,post-treatment:1.6±1.0,1.5±1.2,respectively,P=0.03).Conclusion It was effective of quetiapine-augmentation treatment on refractory OCD. There was no major effects on cognitive functioning of quetiapine-augmentation treatment.