With the development of modern medical research , it has been found that there are many forms of cell death under lots of physiological or pathological conditions .Among them, necrosis and apoptosis are the 2 main forms of cell death.In recent years, varieties of new cell death patterns, such as autophagy, oncosis and paraptosis, have been discovered.In 2012, Dixon et al first discovered and reported a new form of iron-dependent cell death , ferroptosis.In this review, we try to expound the morphological and biochemical features of ferroptosis and its related diseases in detail , so as to deepen our understanding of cell death , thus providing new ideas for the prevention and treatment of clinically relevant diseases .

BACKGROUND: Neural precursor cells exist in the central nervous system (CNS) of adult mammals, characterized fundamentally by such biological properties of multipotential differentiation and capability of maintaining their stable quantity.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the proliferation and migration of the neural precursor cells in adult rat brain following fluid percussion injury (FPI),and explore their role in the repair of CNS damage.DESIGN:Randomized controlled experiment.SETITNG: Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Beijing Institute of Neurosurgery.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Beijing Institute of Neurosurgery. Totally 67 adult Wistar rats were randomized into a control group (n=7) and 5 FPI groups (n=12)sampled 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days after FPI, respectively. Each FPI group was further divided into artificial cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) group (n=2),basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) group (n=5) and neurotrophin-3 (NT3) group (n=5).METHODS: Lateral fluid percussion brain injury was induced in rats in the FPI group and the rats in the control group were only subjected to craniotomy without percussion. The rats in FPI groups were given intraperitoneal injection of bromodexyuridine (BrdU) at the dosage of 50 mg/kg for three times a day in 1- and 3-day FPI groups, but only once a day in 7-and 14-day groups, with the final dose given 2 hours before sacrifice. The rats in bFGF subgroup and NT-3 subgroup were given bFGF at the total daily dose of 360 ng and NT-3 of 240 ng, respectively, while those in artificial CSF subgroup received perfusion fluid of 4 μL without bFGF or NT3 every day. The dynamic expressions of nestin and BrdU in the rat brain were determined with immunocytochemistry. BrdU labeling method was used to identify the differentiated neural progenitor cells, and nestin expression was used to identify the neural progenitor cells.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expressions of Brdu, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)+/Brdu+ and GFAP-/Brdu+ cells in the rat brain of each group at various time points.with the control group, nestin-positive cells in the cortex, hippocampus and subventricular zone on the injured side was obviously increased at 1day after FPI (3.1±1.1 vs 0, 5.5±0.9 vs 1.3±0.8 and 8.1±0.9 vs 2.3±0.8 in each visual field, respectively, P＜0.05), reaching the peak on day 7 (7.5±1.2,10.2±1.5, and 13.6±1.2 in each visual field, respectively) and disappeared BrdU-positive cells in the cortex, hippocampus and subventricular zone on the injured side increased to the highest level 3 days after FPI (12.6±1.5,9.9±1.1, and 13.4±1.0 in each visual field, respectively), but gradually delar zone gradually migrated to the opposite side across the corpus callosum.CONCLUSION: FPI can stimulate the proliferation and migration of neural progenitor cells in adult rat brain, such as in the cortex, hippocampus and subventricular zone, where the nestin-positive cells is the most 7 days after the injury, but BrdU-positive cells is the most 3 days after the injury.

Objective To study the effect of inflammatory markers on the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers in granulosa cells of patients without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods Fifty patients without PCOS treated with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) were selected in this study. The granulosa cells were extracted and cultured in vitro. Cells were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. The 5 nmol/L interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-αwere given to treatment group, and same amount of inflammatory diluted solution was added to control group. The levels of ROS and copy numbers of mtDNA were compared between two groups. Results The ROS levels and mtDNA copy number of granulosa cells were significantly higher in IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-αtreatment groups than those of control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Inflammatory markers of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-αincrease the level of ROS and damage mtDNA in granulosa cells.

Kawasaki disease(KD) is a febrile vasculitis in childhood.It has become the most prominent cause of pediatric secondary cardiovascular disease as it is associated with coronary artery lesion(CAL). Even though intravenous immunoglobulin treatment has greatly lowered the incidence of coronary artery aneurysm, the existence of IVIG-resistant KD indicates a part of patients are still at a high risk of CAL, which brings them a huge psychiatric and financial burden.Therefore, studying the pathogenesis of CAL associated with KD is of great significance.This article reviews the related mechanism of KD and the associated CAL.Meanwhile, it illustrates the connection between microRNA-208 and CAL, on which basis the perspective of microRNA-208 possibly involving in the KD-associated CAL is given.

2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex ; cytology ; physiology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypothermia, Induced ; Neurons ; drug effects ; Nimodipine ; pharmacology ; Protons ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To explore the effect of action verb processing on the excitability of the motor cortex and any effect on the upper limb motor function of stroke survivors.Methods Experiment 1:The motor evoked potential by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS-MEP) was measured while 18 healthy subjects were processing concrete action verbs or abstract verbs.Experiment 2:Eight hemiplegic stroke survivors were asked to read silently text describing concrete hand actions,and then repeat and explain the meaning of the action verbs used in the text.This was repeated for 30 minutes per day,5 days per week for 3 weeks.In the 2nd week the same training was conducted except that the text was about abstract verbs.The modified Ashworth scale (MAS),Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA),the Hong Kong version of the functional test for a hemiplegic upper extremity (FTHUE-HK) and a simple test for evaluating hand function (STEF) were used to assess upper limb motor function before and after the training each week.Results Experiment 1:Processing the concrete action verbs induced significantly greater MEP than processing the abstract verbs.Experiment 2:The average FMA and STEF ratings improved significantly after the training each week.Training with the concrete action verbs resulted in significantly better FMA and STEF scores than with the abstract verbs.The average MAS score increased significantly week by week.There was significantly more improvement in the average FTHUE-HK rating after the 1st and 3rd week of training than after the 2nd week.Conclusion Action verb processing induces greater motor cortex excitation than abstract verb processing among healthy subjects and better improves the upper limb motor function of stroke survivors.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and changing trend of overweight and obesity among high school seniors in Beijing from 2009 to 2018, and to provide scientific basis for health and education departments to work out effective measures to prevent and control overweight and obesity among adolescents. Methods: The physical examination data of 700 588 high school seniors in Beijing from 2009 to 2018 were selected to describe the distribution characteristics of the detection rate of overweight and obesity, and to analyze whether there are differences in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among different genders and regions. Results: From 2009 to 2018, the prevalence rate of total overweight and obesity of high school seniors in Beijing showed an increasing trend by year ( χ 2=3.58, P <0.01). After 2016, the rising trend was more stable, and it declined for the first time in 2018. The prevalence of overweight ( χ 2=6 681.34, P <0.01) and obesity ( χ 2=15 663.08, P <0.01) were higher in male than in female. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban students was higher than that in suburban students (29.55%,27.95%; χ 2=211.43, P < 0.01 ), the prevalence of obesity in urban students was higher than that in suburban students from 2009 to 2013, and the prevalence of obesity in suburban students was higher than that in urban students from 2014 to 2018. The districts and counties with the highest detection rates of overweight and obesity are Shijingshan District (overweight: 19.06%, obesity: 13.99%), and the districts and counties with the lowest detection rates of overweight and obesity are Yanqing District (overweight: 13.48%, obesity: 7.18%). Conclusion From 2009 to 2018, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among high school seniors in Beijing has been increasing by year, and tends to be stable after 2016. Significant upward trend in obesity prevalence in suburban areas of Beijing has been observed.

To compare the performance of generalized additive model (GAM) and long short-term memory recurrent neural network (LSTM-RNN) on the prediction of daily admissions of respiratory diseases with comorbid diabetes. Daily data on air pollutants, meteorological factors and hospital admissions for respiratory diseases from Jan 1st, 2014 to Dec 31st, 2019 in Beijing were collected. LSTM-RNN was used to predict the daily admissions of respiratory diseases with comorbid diabetes, and the results were compared with those of GAM. The evaluation indexes were calculated by five-fold cross validation. Compared with the GAM, the prediction errors of LSTM-RNN were significantly lower [root mean squared error (RMSE): 21.21±3.30 vs. 46.13±7.60, <0.01; mean absolute error (MAE): 14.64±1.99 vs. 36.08±6.20, <0.01], and the value was significantly higher (0.79±0.06 vs. 0.57±0.12, <0.01). In gender stratification, RMSE, MAE and values of LSTM-RNN were better than those of GAM in predicting female admission (all <0.05), but there were no significant difference in predicting male admission between two models (all >0.05). In seasonal stratification, RMSE and MAE of LSTM-RNN were lower than those of GAM in predicting warm season admission (all <0.05), but there was no significant difference in value (>0.05). There were no significant difference in RMSE, MAE and between the two models in predicting cold season admission (all >0.05). In the stratification of functional areas, the RMSE, MAE and values of LSTM-RNN were better than those of GAM in predicting core area admission (all <0.05). has lower prediction errors and better fitting than the GAM, which can provide scientific basis for precise allocation of medical resources in polluted weather in advance.
Beijing/epidemiology* ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology* ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Male ; Memory, Short-Term ; Neural Networks, Computer

Traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome (TSOFS) is a symptom complex caused by nerve entrapment in the supraorbital fissure after skull base trauma. If the compressed cranial nerve in the supraorbital fissure is not decompressed surgically, ptosis, diplopia and eye movement disorder may exist for a long time and seriously affect the patients′ quality of life. Since its overall incidence is not high, it is not familiarized with the majority of neurosurgeons and some TSOFS may be complicated with skull base vascular injury. If the supraorbital fissure surgery is performed without treatment of vascular injury, it may cause massive hemorrhage, and disability and even life-threatening in severe cases. At present, there is no consensus or guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS that can be referred to both domestically and internationally. To improve the understanding of TSOFS among clinical physicians and establish standardized diagnosis and treatment plans, the Skull Base Trauma Group of the Neurorepair Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Neurosurgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Traumatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome ( version 2024) based on evidence of evidence-based medicine and clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment. This consensus puts forward 12 recommendations on the diagnosis, classification, treatment, efficacy evaluation and follow-up of TSOFS, aiming to provide references for neurosurgeons from hospitals of all levels to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS.