50 tracheotomy patients with mechanical breathing were performed respiratory tract control for suitable breathing. Result 5 patients recovered and had spontaneously breathing without respirator in 3~5days, then the trachea cannulas were pulled out in 1~2 weeks. Conclusion effective respiratory tract control may enhance the curative rate and improve patients' life quality.

Objective To understand the subjective perception and influential factors of physical assessment technique in clinical nurses. Methods Using self-designed physical assessment skills questionnaire to investigate nurses in the six provinces of China, 1115 questionnaires were valid. Results There were 11 items in this questionnaire. The first four were: physical assessment is an essential skill of nurses (88.1%),the importance of continuous learning (84.8%), lack of maturity assessment tools (79.8%), heavy workload,lack of time (60.8%). The result of multiple regression analysis (stepwise) showed that hospital-level and regional were the main factors affecting the subjective perception. Conclusions The development of physical assessment reies mainly on rational allocation of human resources structure, establishing the physical assessment framework, and make sure different departments have their own characteristics and the importance of continuing education.

Thrombosis disease is a common complication of cancer. Researches show that venous thromboembelism ( VTE ) can increase the mortality rate of patients with cancer.Tissue factor (TF) and cancer procoagulant (CP) and other pathological factors are related to VTE.VTE risk factors in cancer patients can be grouped into 3 general categories:patient-related factors,cancer-related factors and treatment-related factors.Assessment of risk factors and early prevention can reduce the incidence of VTE.Immediate treatment and chronic therapy should be performed immediately after the diagnosis of VTE.

Objective To understand the application status of physical assessment in clinical nurses. Methods Using self-designed physical assessment skills questionnaire to investigate nurses in six provinces of China, 1115 questionnaires were valid. Results There were 171 items in this questionnaire,4.0% of them were used regularly, 19.3% used frequently, 76.7% used occasionally. The result of Spearman correlation showed that there was positive correlation between the frequency of physical assessment skills and the subjective needs of nurses, regional, educational background, hospital level. There was also negative correlation with title, age and seniority. Conclusions The main factors lead to imbalance development of physical assessment skills are regional, hospital-level and education background; the assessment skills of specialist hospitals and wards need to be standardized immediately.

Since the first successful establishment of human embryonic stem cell line in 1998,embryonic stem cell research has attracted much attention in recent years.Theoretically,embryonic stem cells are pluripotent 0f in vitro proliferation and in vivo differentiation.which could serve as a promising seed cell source for cell thera PY or tissue engineering.Differentiation of the embryonic stem cells into a certain type of cell still remains a big challenge.Studies regarding chondrogenic ifferentiation have been reported.This article summarizes the chon drogenic process in developing embryo and the currently known factors involved in the in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of embryonic stem cell.Foreground of the study in this field is discussed.

Objective To study the changes in number and function of peripheral blood T helper cell 17(Th17) in acute urticaria patients .Methods The percentages of Th17 in peripheral blood from 50 acute urticaria patients and 50 healthy persons were ana‐lyzed by immunofluorescence staining and bicolor flow cytometry (FCM ) in vitro .Retinoic acid‐related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt) mRNA from the same research objects were detected by quantitative realtime PCR (qPCR) method .Peripheral blood transforming growth factor‐β(TGF‐β) ,interleukin(IL)‐6 ,IL‐17A and IL‐17F were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from the same research objects .Results The quantity of percentages of Th17(t= 36 .634 1 ,P< 0 .05) and levels of RORγt mRNA(t=23 .840 1 ,P<0 .05) in urticaria patients were higher than those in healthy persons obviously .Meanwhile ,the levels of TGF‐β(t=15 .521 1 ,P<0 .05) ,IL‐6(t=7 .247 3 ,P<0 .05) ,IL‐17A(t=15 .415 3 ,P<0 .05) and IL‐17F(t=13 .032 1 , P<0 .05) in urticaria patients were higher than those in healthy persons significantly .Conclusion Dysfunction of Th17 in periph‐eral blood may involve in the immunopathogenesis of acute urticaria .

Kallikrein-kinin system consists of kininogen , kallikrein, bradykinin and kinin .Kinins, derived from kininogen by tissue kallikrein , play their biological effects via bradykinin 1/2 receptors or protease activated receptors .Existing researches suggest that kinins exert various effects through different intracellular and mitochondrial signal pathways such as MAPK , PI3K/Akt/GSK3 be-ta, NO, JAKs/STATs.This review aims to elucidate the roles and the intracellular signal pathways of KKS in different diseases .

ObjectiveTo testify the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture in treating diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS) based on brain-gutinteraction.MethodEighty D-IBS patients were randomized into brain-gut interacted acupuncture group (treatment group) and a group with acupoints selected based on conventional syndrome differentiation (control group), 40 in each group. The treatment group was intervened by acupuncture by selecting the thirteen ghost acupoints (invented by SUN Si-miao) plus Tianshu (ST25), Dachangshu (BL25), etc., while the control group was by acupuncture based on conventional point selection, including Zusanli (ST36),Tianshu (ST25), Dachangshu (BL25), Ganshu (BL18), Pishu (BL20), etc., three times a week, and 10 sessions as a treatment course. The clinical efficacies were evaluated after 2 treatment courses.ResultThe two groups were generally equal to each other incomparing each dimension of the Short-form Health Survey (SF-36) before treatment, while the scores were increased after treatment in both groups; the treatment group was significantly superior to the controlgroup in comparing the scores ofrole-physical,bodily pain, general health, vitality, social role functioning, and reported health transition from the SF-36 (P<0.05).ConclusionAcupuncture based on brain-gut interaction can produce a more significant effect in treating D-IBS compared to conventional acupuncture.

Objective To observe the effect of penetrating needling with thick needle at Shenzhu (GB 12) on the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score in patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Methods Sixty-one PD patients were randomized into a treatment group of 31 cases and a control group of 30 cases. The treatment group was intervened by penetrating needling with thick needle at Shenzhu (GV 12) in addition to oral administration of Levodopa and Benserazide Hydrochloride;while the control group was by oral administration of Levodopa and Benserazide Hydrochloride alone. The UPDRS was evaluated before and after intervention in both groups. Results Respectively after 30-day treatment, 90-day treatment, and 90 d after the intervention, the UPDRS scores were significantly changed compared to that before intervention in both groups (P<0.01, P<0.05);there were also significant differences in comparing the UPDRS score between the two groups at each time point (P<0.01, P<0.05). Conclusions Penetrating needling with thick needle at Shenzhu (GV 12) can improve the UPDRS score in PD patients, and it’s an effective method in treating PD.

Objective To evaluate the safety and effect of embryo aspiration and fetal cardiac activity area injection of transvaginal pregnancy multi -fetal reduction for women with early pregnancy.Methods Retrospective a-nalysis of 120 cases with transvaginal early pregnancy multi -fetal reduction was conducted.The pregnancy outcome of the two ways was analyzed and evaluated.Results Among 120 cases,55 cases were treated with fetal cardiac activity area injection,65 cases were treated with embryo aspiration.Fetal cardiac activity area injection group:gestational age (48.7 ±9.1)d,postoperative infection abortion rate:12.7% (7 cases),rate of premature babies:5.5% (3 cases). Embryo aspiration group:gestational age (46.9 ±4.2)d,postoperative infection abortion rate:6.2% (4 cases),rate of premature babies:3.1% (2 cases),the difference between postoperative infection abortion rate was statistically sig-nificant (P =0.02).Virgiria Apgar score (P =0.41),neonatal weight(P =0.70),fetal malformation rate (P =0.24),neonatal move to NICU rate (P =0.83),the differences were not statistically significant.Conclusion During the early stage embryo aspiration is a safe method for the multi -fetus reduction,the pregnancy outcome is better than fetal cardiac activity area injection.