OBJECTIVE:To provide behavioral intervention strategies for the reduction of health risks involved in Chinese inhabitants' self-medication.METHODS:The health risks and the behavioral patterns involved in Chinese inhabitants' self-medication were analyzed.RESULTS &CONCLUSION:The self-medication behaviors of Chinese inhabitants can only be intervened through strengthening the health education,improving Chinese inhabitants' self-medication ability,standardizing the management of packaging and descriptions of OTC,promoting and enforcing GPP,launching consumer medication counseling services extensively,enhancing pharmacists' quality,reinforcing supervision and reporting of adverse drug reactions,etc.

Objective To analyze the effect of intrathecal injection of dexmedetomidine on the behavioral activity, pain degree and expression of protein kinase C in spinal dorsal horn of rat models of chronic neuropathic pain, and to investigate the analgesic mechanism of dexmedetomidine.Methods 75 healthy male rats were randomly divided into observation group, model group and control group, 25 rats in each group.Chronic sciatic nerve injury model was established in the observation group and model group.After modeling, intrathecal dexmedetomidine intervention was used in the observation group.The model group was treated with saline injection and there was no intervention in the control group.Before the modeling (BM)and at 3(D3), 5(D5), 7(D7), and 14 (D14)days after medicine administration, the behavioral capacity was evaluated by cumulative evaluation method and movement function evaluation, and the assessment of pain degree (mechanical withdrawal method and thermal withdrawal latency pain threshold detection method), PKC staining score (immunohistochemical SABC method), PKC mRNA assay (RT-PCR method) and PKC protein expression (Western blot) were conducted and the data were statistically analyzed.Results ① Before modeling, the behavior, the cumulative scores of motor function, MWT, and TWL showed no significant differences between the different groups (P>0.05).After modeling, the model group and observation group showed that the cumulative scores and motor function scores were increased significantly, MWT and TWL decreased significantly, and the changes in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.05).After modeling, the cumulative scores, motor function scores, MWT, and TWL were significantly different between the groups (P<0.05).② The expression of PKC was negative in the control group and positive in the model group.In the observation group, after the initial establishment of model, the PKC was strongly positive, and along with the prolonged treatment, the PKC expression intensity was decreased, and only weakly positively expressed at 14 d.③ After modeling, the observation group and model group showed that the PKC mRNA and PKC protein expression levels were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).With the continuous drug administration, the PKC mRNA and PKC in the observation group were decreasing, and reached a level close to that of the control group at 14 d of drug administration.From the third day after modeling, at the same time points, the amount of PKC expression in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the model group (P<0.05).Conclusions Intrathecal injection of dexmedetomidine can improve the behavior of rat models with chronic neuropathic pain, and reduce the degree of pain.It may be related to the inhibition of protein kinase C expression in the spinal dorsal horn.

Objective To investigate surgical techniques and results of arthroscopic reduction and fixation for the treatment of avulsion fracture of the posterior cruciate ligament from the tibia through an additional posterolateral portal. Methods An additional posterolateral portal was established by using the inside-out technique under arthroscopic view.After a protective sleeve was placed through the portal and the displaced fracture was reduced,the fragment was fixed by the guide wire drilled through the sleeve temporarily.If the fluoroscopic control showed an anatomic reduction of the fragment and good placement of the wire,the self-attacked cannulated screw and washer was placed intra-articularly over the guide wire through the sleeve for the directive internal fixation of the avulsion fracture.Aggressive rehabilitation programs were recommended postoperatively.Results Except 1 case with 11 mm displacement and rotation of the fragment treated by the arthrotomy after the failure of arthroscopic reduction,the arthroscopic operation was accomplished in all the remaining 10 cases.The operative time was 63～98 min(mean,87.3 min).No injuries of popliteal vessels or nerves occurred.The postoperative X-ray firms showed an anatomic reduction of the fragment and good placement of the screw and washer.With the negative posterior drawer test confirmed by the physical examination,normal range of motion of the injured knee joint and gait were achieved in the 10 patients at 4～7 weeks after surgery.The bone union was confirmed by X-ray films at the 3 months postoperatively.The computer KT-2000 arthrometer measurements of posterior tibial displacement of both knee joints showed side-to-side difference not more than 1.2 mm in 6 patients at 5 months after surgery.Conclusions The additional posterolateral portal can be established by the arthroscopic inside-out technique safely.The displaced fragment of the avulsion fracture of the posterior cruciate ligament from the tibia can be reduced and fixed with the self-attacked cannulated screw and washer arthroscopicly.

Retroviral vector pLXSN was employed to introduce human r-Interferon (IFN-?) gene into four human hepa-tocellular carcinoma cell lines (HCC). The G418-resistant colonies were isolated and cloned. PCR and RT-PCR analysis indicated that the integration and expression of IFN-? gene was shown only in the transduced cells. Using a bioassay method, we found that all genetically modified HCC cells can secrete varied amount of IFN-?. The results of flow cytome-try showed that the cell surface expression of HLA class I molecules significandy increased following transduction. Moreover , we firsdy indicated that the increase in the expression of one specific HLA class I antigen, HLA-A2, was almost in the same magnitude as that of the total HLA class I molecules after transduction with IFN-r gene.

? AlM: To observe the clinical curative effect of intravitreal Bevacizumab injection combined duplex technique in treatment of neovascular glaucoma ( NVG) .
?METHODS:Totally 25 eyes of 25 patients with NVG who underwent intravitreal Bevacizumab injection of 1. 0mg (0. 05mL), after the regression of iris neovascularization, 5 eyes with anterior chamber paracentesis fluid auxiliary controlled intraocular pressure. After 2wk, patients were treated by trabeculectomy and phacomulsification (9 eyes were implanted intraocular lens ) . The changes and complications of intraocular pressure, visual acuity, corneas and neovessels were observed after surgery, and followed up 12mo.
?RESULTS:After injection Bevacizumab in 25 eyes, iris neovascularization of 20 eyes subsided in 3 ~ 5d, and 5 eyes subsided in 7d. After controlling intraocular pressure, count of the corneal endothelial cell were 1 629±226mm2 , and none suffered decompensation of corneal endothelium after two- surgery of trabeculectomy and phacomulsification. After followed up 12mo, intraocular pressure of 20 eyes were controlled in normal range; 2 eyes could control in normal range after treated by a kind of anti-glaucoma medicine and 3 eyes was 34 ~38mmHg after treated by anti- glaucoma medicine. 9 eyes had improved vision after implanted intraocular lens.
?CONCLUSlON:lntravitreal Bevacizumab injection can subside iris and anterior chamber angle neovascularization effectively in a short time and reduce intraocular pressure. lt can also reduce the risk of bleeding during operation or after operation. lntravitreal Bevacizumab injection combined with two- surgery of trabeculectomy and phacomulsification can treat neovascular glaucoma effectively.

OBJECTIVE:To study the rationality of multiple-unit containers of oral drugs.METHODS:The condition of whether the oral western medicines currently used in our hospital were packaged in single-dose container or not were inves?tigated;the information on packaging and distribution of multiple-unit containers was analyzed as well.RESULT:Of the460kinds of oral western medicines investigated,220were in single-dose containers,and138were in multiple-unit containers,of the multiple-unit containers87involved problems in packaging.CONCLUSION:It is suggested that single-dose container should be used and the multiple-unit containers should be improved reasonably.

Objective To investigate the biological effects of low intensity of pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on human periosteal cells and marrow stromal cells in vitro. Methods LIPUS of 30 mW/cm2 was used to stimulate the cultured human periosteal cells and marrow stromal cells for 5 min, 10 and 20 min per day, respectively, followed by the examination of cell proliferation and differentiation potential. Results Thymidine incorporation and total protein assay indicated that LIPUS had no significant effect on DNA and protein synthesis of the periosteal and marrow stromal cells, suggesting that LIPUS did not promote proliferation of these cells. However, ALP activity and osteocalcin secretion of the human periosteal cells were dramatically increased. Conclusion The results suggested that low intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulated periosteal cell proliferation and differentiation toward osteogenic lineage, this might contribute to the curing effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound for fracture.

Objective:To establish a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) method for determining the concentration of amlodipine besylate in human plasma and to evaluate the bioequivalence of 2 kinds of amlodipine besylate tablets.Methods: Twenty healthy male volunteers were enrolled into a single crossover study.A single dose of the suspension equivalent to 10 mg amlodipine besylate or a reference preparation was given in a crossover way.The plasma concentrations of amlodipine besylate were determined by LC-MS method in the volunteers at different time points;the pharmacokinetic parameters and relative bioavailability were calculated and the bioequivalence of the 2 preparations were evaluated.Results: The pharmacokinetic parameters for experimental and the reference preparations were: C_max(6.21?1.88) vs(6.03?1.08) ng/ml;AUC_0-120(250.68?52.61) vs(246.14?52.11) ng h/ml;T_max(6.0?2.3) vs(6.1? 2.5) h;t_1/2(40.45?6.68) vs(43.74?9.05) h,respectively.The linear range of the present method was 0.1-20.0 ng/ml;the lowest detectable concentration of amlodipine besylate was 0.1 ng/ml.There was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters between the 2 tablets.Conclusion: The present method is simple to use,fast,and accurate.The 2 preparations of amlodipine besylate are bioequivalent.

Composition of the polysaccharide from Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. was studiedby high resolution capillary gas chromatography after hydrolysis and followed by acetylation and esterifica-tion of the hydrolysate. The results showed that it is composed of arabinose, ribose, D-xylose, D-man-nose, D-glucose and D-galactose, with a molar ratio of 0. 106 : 2. 652 : 4. 070: 0. 519 : 0. 930 : 2. 518.

Objective To investigate the effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) versus cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for treating adult posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) .Methods A total of 81 patients with PTSD con‐forming to the including standard were randomly allocated to the EMDR group ,CBT group ,and control group ,27 cases per group . The PTSD symptoms ,anxiety and depression moods in 3 groups were assessed before and after treatment by adopting the Clinician‐administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) ,Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) .Results The drop‐out rates were 29 .63% for the EMDR group ,7 .41% for the CBT group and 7 .41% for the control group respectively ;the re‐experience symptoms score of CAPS in the EMDR group was lower than that in the CBT group with statistical difference (P=0 . 036) .Conclusion Both EMDR and CBT are the effective psychological therapeutic method ,EMDR has more effective than CBT in the reproving the re‐experience symptoms of PTSD .The future studies should pay more attention to the application of stabilization technologies for reducing the dropout rate of EMDR .