Objective To describe the current status and existing problems on the specialist nurse in China and provide references for nurse management.Methods The following databases were searched:Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (SinoMed),China Academic Journal database,Chinese Science and Technology journals database,using the key words specialty nurse,clinical nurse specialist and advanced practice nurse.Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied.Results Seven hundred and eighteen papers were eligible for inclusion.The earliest paper was published in 1992,then the number increased yearly.Most of the papers were reviews or summaries of experience,and the hotspot were about the nurse specialist in ICU,operating room,emergency,oncology and diabetes department.Conclusions The attempt about nurse specialist have been carried out in the whole country,but further improvement and practice are needed to solve the existing problems such as the definition,training,certification and nurse management,and it is urgent for us to explore a suitable way for the development of specialist nurse in China.

Objective To calculate and analyze the grading nursing costs in a grade Ⅲ-A general hospital, and give suggestions to the government for rational pricing. Methods 6 wards were selected as the subjects, we calculated the total expenses by the ratio of income method, meanwhile, by sharing the cost we calculated the actual costs of grading nursing and let them underwent variance analysis. Results The actual cost of grade 1 nursing was (64.06±14.58) yuan, the actual cost of grade 2 nursing was (40.06±13.49) yuan, and the actual coat of grade 3 nursing was (31.11±5.81) yuan, by statistic analysis, the actual grad-ing nursing costs were significantly different from the current pricing system. Conclusions The grouping of nursing expense ia a difficult point in nursing cost study, and by calculating the actual grading nursing cost, we could develop measures to control the cost effectively. And the grading nursing total coat calculat-ing is the foundation of rational prices setting of grading nursing.

Objective To explore the clinical competence of nursing master of professional degree and give some suggestions for their postgraduate education. Methods A total of 19 samples of nursing masters of professional degree, nursing managers, nursing experts and clinical teachers were selected by using purpose sampling method, and semi- structured interview was adopted and the results were finally described and classified. Results The competence of the masters of professional degree came from the following five aspects: professional quality, practical ability, research ability, education ability and professional development ability. Conclusions A good professional quality is the premise of qualified for clinical work, flexible ability of practice is the basis of clinical work, solid scientific research background and the education ability is the core competitiveness, multi- dimensional professional development ability is the key to self-improvement, nursing professional degree graduate student should enhance their own comprehensive quality from the above five aspects, to be better qualified for clinical nursing work.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the current research status of rehabilitation nursing for adult burn patients in China, and to disuss the related strategies.

METHODSChinese scientific articles on adult burn patients' rehabilitation nursing published from January 2003 to December 2013 were retrieved from 3 databases namely China Biology Medicine disc, Chinese Journals Full-text Database , and Chinese Science and Technology Journals Database . From the results retrieved, data with regard to publication year, journal distribution, research type, region of affiliation of the first author, and the main research content were collected. Data were processed with Microsoft Excel software.

RESULTSA total of 417 articles conforming with the criteria were retrieved. During the 11 years, the number of the relevant articles per year was on the rise, and the increasing rates in 2005, 2008, 2009, and 2013 were all above 30% . Regarding the distribution among journals, these 417 articles were published in 151 journals, with 188 articles in Source Journal for Chinese Scientific and Technical Papers , accounting for 45.08%. Regarding the research type, 173 out of the 417 articles were dealing with clinical experiences, accounting for 41.49% ; 172 out of the 417 articles were dealing with experimental studies, accounting for 41.25% . The regions of affiliation of the first author were mainly situated in Guangdong province, Shandong province, Hunan province, and Jiangsu province, with Guangdong province contributing 58 articles, accounting for 13.91%. The research content of these articles was mainly focused on psychological nursing, nursing model, and health education, respectively 188,101, and 85 articles, accounting for 45.08%, 24.22%, and 20.38%.

CONCLUSIONSThe research on rehabilitation nursing for adult burn patients in China has been carried out nationwide. Although the number of relevant papers is on the rise, the quality of these papers needs to be further improved. There is an urgent need for the guideline on rehabilitation nursing for adult burn patients in China so as to standardize the content and procedure of rehabilitation nursing.

The rise of advanced nursing practice in the developed countries promotes the development of nursing science, nursing postgraduate education arises at the historic moment. Professional nursing postgraduate education started late in our country and its development is not mature, there exists some problems in the training plan and professional positioning, such as training process not realizing the training objectives, unreasonable curriculum setting and evaluation system, unclear professional direction, disconnection of vocational orientation and the professional qualification and specialist nurse certification. Therefore, nursing professional degree graduate education mode needs further exploration and unity.

Objective To evaluate the impact of low dietary glycemic index on the risk of coronaryheart disease (CHD).Methods We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,JBI Database of Systematic Reviews,MEDLINE,EMbase,CBMdisk,and CNKI to collect cohort studies from 2000 to 2011.The quality of cohort studies was critically appraised and data were extracted by 4 reviewers independently.Meta-analysis were conducted for the eligible cohort studies using RevMan 5.0.Results Five cohort studies were included,and 128 911 samples were researched.The result of meta analysis indicated that low dietary glycemic index was a protective factor of CHD,RR value was 1.25,95％ CI was (1.13,2.15).Further more,the result was only effective to female,RR value was 1.35,95％ CI was (1.16,1.57),but not to male,RR value was 0.96,95％CI was (0.76,1.31).Conclusions Low dietary glycemic index can decrease the risk of CHD,but it is still to be proved whether it is suitable to male.

Objective To explore the current research status and existing problems in severe burn nursing by reviewing relevant literature of severe burn nursing published in 6 kinds of nursing core journals. Methods Search 6 kinds of nursing core journals using the following key words: severe burn critical burn serious burn large area burn intensive burn and nursing. Applying bibliometrics to conduct descriptive analysis of the external and internal characteristics of these papers. Results Two hundred and nine papers were included;the main literature research type of thess articles was clinical experience summary, the content of these literature was extensive. Conclusions Severe burn nursing research focus on clinical symptomatic nursing; clinical nurse scientific research ability needs to be strengthened, and subject aspects should be paid more attention to children, the elderly, and clinical nurse physical and psychological conditions.

Objective To investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) on the tryptophan-kynurenine(TRP) metabolic pathway in rat brains and provide new evidence for the relationship between inflammation and depression.Methods Rats in LPS group were given a single dose of 3.5 mg/kg LPS.while the rats in control group were given the same dosage of saline.The dialysis in ventro-hippocampus were collected by microdialysis within 8 hours and then the TRP,KYN and KA were detected by LC-MS/MS.And the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase was detected by Western-blot.Results The level of TRP((550.15± 107.96) pmol/L) and KYN ((337.95±62.73) pmol/L) showed a time-dependent increase after administration LPS 4 h compared with the control group(TRP (368.38±59.31) pmol/L,KYN (172.80±43.96) pmol/L),while KA level in the circulation exhibited a trend to decrease,especially at 7 h ((3.47±0.62) pmol/L,P＜0.05).The ratio of KYN/TRP significantly increased at about 5 h (0.69±0.11,P＜ 0.05),and an ratio of KA/KYN (0.02±0.00) was dramatically decreased after administering LPS 4 h compared with the control group (0.05±0.01)(P＜0.05).Most of the analytes showed more dramatic changes around 4 h to 8 h.LPS group(1.48±0.37) increased the protein expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase compared with the control group(1.00±0.24) (P＜0.01).Conclusions LPS may cause tryptophan metabolic abnormalities and accelerate the way of kynurenine metabolism,leading to decreased the kynurenic acid status.

Objective To understand the current status and influencing factors of nursing safety management of geriatric care institutions in Shanghai. Methods Adopted questionnaire and experts spot-supervision to survey 25 geriatric nursing hospitals and 12 community health care centers which had more than 200 beds. The questionnaire had four parts including nature of institutions, general information of the managers, nursing risk management status and nursing safety quality status. Results The average score of nursing safety quality was (14.12 ± 2.03) points, there was no statistical significance in nature of institution, size of the institutions, age, education background, professional title, managerial experience, effect of nursing risk report and assessment and contingency plan (P> 0.05), but there was statistical significance in nurse managers′ knowledge about nursing risks, nursing risk management maturity and nurses training(F=2.818, 7.768, 3.555, P<0.05 or 0.01). Multiple linear regression showed that nurse managers′ knowledge about nursing risks, nursing risk management maturity and nurses training were the influence factors of nursing safety quality, and they account for 82.1%, and the regression equation was Y=7.988+0.365X1-0.380X2+0.350X3. Conclusions Strength the construction of nursing management team, perfect nursing management system, regular training could improve nursing safety quality of geriatric institutions in Shanghai.

Objective To investigate the loss of heterozygosity at 17 microsatellites of 10 chromosome arms in 68 resected specimens of esophageal cancer, and the relationship to the clinicopathological phenotypes of patients. Methods 68 tumor specimens (20 well-differentiated squamous carcinomas, 30 moderately differentiated carcinomas and 18 poorly differentiated carcinomas) and their matched blood samples were analyzed for LOH at 17 microsatellites by using PCR and fluorescence-based DNA sequencing technology, and the association of LOH with the clinicopathological phenotypes of patients was compared statistically. Results The lowest detection frequency of LOH in our subjects was observed at D8S261 with 33. 3%, and the highest frequency was at D9S125 with 85. 2%. There were 12 markers with the frequency of LOH higher than 50.0%, and 3 markers (D3S1597, D3S1285 and D9S125) with the frequency higher than 75. 0%. There was a significant difference in the frequency of LOH at D9S111 and D13S153 between tumors with different histological grades. LOH at D9S111 was observed in 2 of 12 tumors with well differentiation in 14 of 20 tumors with moderate differentiation, and in 14 of 16 tumors with poor differentiation. LOH at DI3S153 was observed in 2 of 8 tumors with well differentiation, in 12 of 28 tumors with moderate differentiation, and in 11 of 12 tumors with poor differentiation. There was a significant difference in the frequency of LOH at D8S261 between tumors with lymph node metastasis and without lymph node metastasis. LOH at D8S261 was found in 1 of 14 tumors with lymph node metastasis, and in 12 of 22 tumors without lymph node metastasis. Conclusions The widespread and frequent loss of heterozygosity may exist in esophageal cancer, and the candidate genes located in the site of frequent LOH may be involved in the development of this cancer; LOH at D9S11 and D13S153 are more commonly observed in the patients with higher histological grades, the tumors with LOH at D8S261 may have a low tendency to lymph node involvement.