As an outward,voltage-dependent potassium channel,M type channel is crucial in the regulation of neuronal excitability;it is modulated by a variety of factors in vivo and its dysfunction often results in neuronal system diseases.Great efforts have been made to elucidate the mechanism underlying M channel modulation since its discovery decades ago.It is generally accepted that the Phospholipase C(PLC) signaling pathway plays a significant role in the M channel modulation.This review highlights the relationship between PLC signaling pathway and M channel modulation,as well as some recent progresses in the research of this field.

Receptor tyrosine kinase(RTK),a membrane receptor superfamily with intrinsic protein tyrosine kinase activity,has many members and complicated signal transduction pathways.Activation of RTKs can trigger a series of signal transduction pathways and play essential roles in modulating cell growth,proliferation,differentiation and metabolism through influencing gene transcription and expression.Activation of RTK can also rapidly modulate some cellular functions including the modulation of ion channels.Potassium channels play a critical role in stabilization of membrane potential and regulation of cellular excitability.This review highlights the rapid modulation of potassium channels by RTKs and reviews the recent progress in related research.

Although the concept of united airway disease has been widely accepted, most scholars emphasize only the effect of rhino-sinusitis while ignoring the pharyngeal factors to the lower airway, especially to the allergic pharyngitis (AP), which still lacks enough awareness. First of all, absence of unified diagnostic standard leads to the lack of epidemiological data, which, results in doctors' personal experience but no guideline in treatments. In addition, it is still not clear that the role of AP in the allergic airway diseases and its relationship with asthma. However, the number of patients with AP has been increasing obviously in daily clinic practice. Combined with the previous observation, this paper does a systematic review about the clinical problems of AP, expecting to give a hand to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of AP.
Asthma ; Humans ; Pharyngitis ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Sinusitis

Objective To explore the effect of health education on behavior,blood pressure control and psy-chological factors in patients with hypertension.Methods 800 patients with hypertension in Yanling County Hospital were selected and randomly divided into management group(n =600)and control group(n =200)according to ran-dom numerical table method.The patients of the two groups were carried out regular hypertension health education and follow -up,and the health records were established.The management group was carried out individually and one to one health education and management.6 months after intervention,changes in behavioral habits compliance,blood pressure control,depression and anxiety self -rating scale of the two groups were assessed.Results Before the intervention,there were no statistical differences between the two groups(all P >0.05).After 6 months intervention, the compliance ratios of low salt diet,smoking cessation and limit alcohol,appropriate exercise,rational use of drugs, monitoring blood pressure,regular review in management group were 92.6%,85.3%,90.3%,93.3%,89.6%, 95.6%,and those of the control group were 56.0%,53.0%,63.0%,52.5%,49.0%,67.0%,the differences were statistically significant(χ2 =146.37,89.23,116.52,178.29,152.21,159.38,all P <0.01 ).The awareness rate, treatment rate and compliance rate of hypertension in the management group were 94.0%,95.3%,89.6%,which of the control group were 63.0%,51.5%,42.5%,the differences were statistically significant(χ2 =121.54,218.60, 193.67,all P <0.01).The self -rating depression scale and self -rating anxiety scale in management group were (40.12 ±10.34)points,(39.20 ±7.78)points,respectively,and those in the control group were (46.60 ±9.56)points, (44.54 ±8.96)points,the differences were statistically significant (t =7.84,20.64,all P <0.01 ).Conclusion Individualized health education around drug therapy can improve patients'behavioral habits and psychological factors, increase the rate of blood pressure,and thus improve the prognosis of patients with hypertension.

Objective To summarize the experience of isolating influenza virus from MDCK cell , and to optimize the isolation method for influenza isolation and raise the ability of influenza surveillance. Methods Sixty-one cases of influenza viruses positive specimens identified with PCR method by the influenza network laboratory in Xianyang CDC were used to infect the MDCK cells. The influenza viruses-infected MDCK cells were collected and characterized by hemagglutination test and hemagglutination inhibition assay. Meanwhile , different concentrations of glutamine liquid were added to the medium to investigate the effect of glutamine on the growth of MDCK cells. Results Twenty five flu strains were isolated from 61 cases influenza viruses positive specimens , of which 18 were A (H3N2) subtype strains and 7 were A (H1N1) subtype strains. The titer of HA was higher than 1∶16, and the titer of HI was higher than 1 ∶ 640. The proliferation rate of MDCK cells was low, and the cell activity was also decreased at 48 h after incubation with glutamine concentration lower than 0.1%. Conclusions The influenza viruses were isolated from the MDCK cells. The glutamine concentration is strongly associated with the activity of MDCK cells and cell apoptosis.

Aim To study the characteristics of KCNQ2/3 potassium channel expressed in CHO cells and its modulation by M_1 receptor.Methods KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 potassium channels and M_1 receptor were co-expressed in CHO cells.Whole cell patch-clamp techniques was used to observe the characteristics of KCNQ2/3 current,its modulation by the M_1 receptor,and the effects of the common potassium channel blockers.Results KCNQ2/3 current recorded in CHO cells was a slow-activation low-threshold non-inactivating,voltage-dependent outward potassium current.KCNQ2/3 current was elicited at about-60 mV,V_(1/2)(-26.8?1.2) mV and the deactivation current fitted two exponential function,with ?_(fast) of 101ms and ?_(slow) of 309 ms.The channel was not sensitive to common pharmacological blockers such as 4-AP,Ba~(2+) and TEA,but was inhibited significantly by linopirdine,with a IC_(50) of(6.5?0.83) ?mol?L~(-1).Acetylcholine suppressed the KCNQ2/3 current reversibly via M_1 receptor,with a IC_(50) of(0.7?0.05) ?mol?L~(-1).Conclusion KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 channels are the molecular basis of M-current observed in neuronal cells.KCNQ2/Q3 current expressed in CHO cells has similar characteristics as that seen in neuronal M-current.Linopirdine is a powerful blocker of KCNQ2/3 channel and acetylcholine inhibits the current by muscarinic M_1 receptor.This experiment has laid a solid basis for further study of M-current and KCNQ2/3 current,and is important for the study of neurological diseases relating to alteration of M-current,such as convulsion,epilepsy and Alzheimers disease.

Cryopreservation of bovine articular cartilage and Human Bone Marrow Fibroblast (HBMF) monolayer cells is studied in the paper. The results show that the high concentrations of Cryoprotective agents (CPA) coupled with the appearance of sucrose and high contents of 1,2-propanediol contribute to reducing the formation and growth of ice nuclei and have the potential to obtain good protective effects. High concentrations of CPA can result in great damages to cartilage and HBMF monolayer cells, which can be moderated by decreasing the temperature of adding and removal of CPA. In the frozen cartilage, which is put into liquid nitrogen without adding of any CPA, the architectures of both the chondrocytes and extracellular matrix have been severely damaged. While in the control group, the chondrocytes are intact and well preserved.

Objective To construct the recombinant plasmid pET32a-AKT1 and express human AKT1 protein using prokaryotic expression system .Methods Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was employed to amplify the gene AKT1 in coding region and integrated it with pET 32a plasmid ,following by transforming it into Escherichia coli DH5α and prokaryotic strains BL21(DE3) .Isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside(IPTG) was adopted to induce its expression .Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE ) and Western-blot were used for protein identification .Results Complete fusion of target gene and plasmid was observed .The recombinant plasmid pET32a-AKT1 was successfully transferred into the strain DE3 . After IPTG induction ,protein with relative molecular mass 70 000 was expressed by DE3 .Conclusion The recombinant plasmid pET32a-AKT1 is constructed successfully and AKT 1 protein is completely and efficiently expressed by prokaryotic strain DE 3 .

Objective: To explore relationship among bullying victimization, psychological traits and suicide ideation of middle school students, and to provide suggestions for school bullying and suicide prevention for adolescents. Methods: A total of 3 635 students of 7-9th grade from 5 junior middle schools were enrolled and investigated with the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ), psychological traits questionnaire for middle school students and suicide ideation questionnaire. Results: Prevalence of bullying victimization was 28.34% of middle school students, while the prevalence of verbal, relational and physical bullying were 22.59%, 12.05% and 7.54%, respectively. Boys had significantly higher rates of bullying victimization than girls (χ2=88.92，94.29，7.69，P<0.01). Bullying victimization was positively associated with suicidal ideation (r=0.21, P<0.01), while associated with psychological traits (r=-0.17, -0.22, P<0.01). Psychological traits had a moderating effect on the relationship between bullying victimization and suicidal ideation (β=-0.04, P<0.05). Conclusion Psychological traits can buffer the adverse effects of bullying victimization on suicidal ideation, and the critical role of psychological traits in the maintenance and development of adolescent mental health should be emphasized.

Objective To analyze the mortality in people aged 70 years and over who had undergone aortic valve replacement (AVR) for aortic stenosis.Methods The clinical data of 246consecutive cases aged 70 years and over,who had received AVR,were retrospectively analyzed.The 144 cases (58.5 % ) had hypertension,42 cases ( 17.1 %) had atrial fibrillation,27 cases ( 11.0 % )were obeses,and 18 cases (7.3%) had undergone previous heart surgery.Results The 29 cases (11.8%) were dead within 30 days after operation.Among them,15 cases (8.8%) were with isolated AVR and the other 14 cases (18.7%) were with an associate procedure,the difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05).The rate of postoperative complication was 24 .4%.The commoncomplications were:48 cases (19.5%) with low cardiac output,24 cases (9.8%) with renal dysfunction,52 cases (21.1% ) with prolonged ventilatory support and 12 cases (4.9%) with sepsis.In the Poisson regression analysis,the main predictors of mortality were low cardiac output,renal failure,sepsis and associate procedure.The main predictors of morbidity were CBP time ＞ 120 min,atrial fibrillation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Conclusions The balance between the benefits and risks of the surgery should be well evaluated before deciding to perform AVR.