Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an autosomal-dominant disease.Disease-causing mutations have been found in genes encoding structural components of the thick and thin filament systems of cardiac myocyte;it has therefore been named as a disease of sarcomere.Many approaches have been used to characterize the pathogenesis of the desease.Transgenic animal models have been created to gain further insight into the pathogenesis of this disease.Most of these models has been made in mice;however,recently a transgenic rabbit model has been created.In addition,there are several natural-occurring forms of HCM in animals.The discovery of responsible genes and the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis through the use of animal models promise improved and early diagnosis and the potential for mechanism-based therapeutics.

50?10~9/L in MP group was 1,10,19,19 and in control group was 0,0,2,2,respectively.The ratio of the total effi- ciency was 93.7% in the treatment group and 80.6% in control group,respectively.The clinical efficacy was dif- ferent significant between groups after 2 weeks(P0.05).Conclusion High dose MP is more effective in the patients and with obvious hemorrhagic tendency than that those of the tradition- al treatment;whereas the traditional treatment is available for other severe ITP patients.

As an outward,voltage-dependent potassium channel,M type channel is crucial in the regulation of neuronal excitability;it is modulated by a variety of factors in vivo and its dysfunction often results in neuronal system diseases.Great efforts have been made to elucidate the mechanism underlying M channel modulation since its discovery decades ago.It is generally accepted that the Phospholipase C(PLC) signaling pathway plays a significant role in the M channel modulation.This review highlights the relationship between PLC signaling pathway and M channel modulation,as well as some recent progresses in the research of this field.

Receptor tyrosine kinase(RTK),a membrane receptor superfamily with intrinsic protein tyrosine kinase activity,has many members and complicated signal transduction pathways.Activation of RTKs can trigger a series of signal transduction pathways and play essential roles in modulating cell growth,proliferation,differentiation and metabolism through influencing gene transcription and expression.Activation of RTK can also rapidly modulate some cellular functions including the modulation of ion channels.Potassium channels play a critical role in stabilization of membrane potential and regulation of cellular excitability.This review highlights the rapid modulation of potassium channels by RTKs and reviews the recent progress in related research.

Although the concept of united airway disease has been widely accepted, most scholars emphasize only the effect of rhino-sinusitis while ignoring the pharyngeal factors to the lower airway, especially to the allergic pharyngitis (AP), which still lacks enough awareness. First of all, absence of unified diagnostic standard leads to the lack of epidemiological data, which, results in doctors' personal experience but no guideline in treatments. In addition, it is still not clear that the role of AP in the allergic airway diseases and its relationship with asthma. However, the number of patients with AP has been increasing obviously in daily clinic practice. Combined with the previous observation, this paper does a systematic review about the clinical problems of AP, expecting to give a hand to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of AP.
Asthma ; Humans ; Pharyngitis ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Sinusitis

Aim To study the characteristics of KCNQ2/3 potassium channel expressed in CHO cells and its modulation by M_1 receptor.Methods KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 potassium channels and M_1 receptor were co-expressed in CHO cells.Whole cell patch-clamp techniques was used to observe the characteristics of KCNQ2/3 current,its modulation by the M_1 receptor,and the effects of the common potassium channel blockers.Results KCNQ2/3 current recorded in CHO cells was a slow-activation low-threshold non-inactivating,voltage-dependent outward potassium current.KCNQ2/3 current was elicited at about-60 mV,V_(1/2)(-26.8?1.2) mV and the deactivation current fitted two exponential function,with ?_(fast) of 101ms and ?_(slow) of 309 ms.The channel was not sensitive to common pharmacological blockers such as 4-AP,Ba~(2+) and TEA,but was inhibited significantly by linopirdine,with a IC_(50) of(6.5?0.83) ?mol?L~(-1).Acetylcholine suppressed the KCNQ2/3 current reversibly via M_1 receptor,with a IC_(50) of(0.7?0.05) ?mol?L~(-1).Conclusion KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 channels are the molecular basis of M-current observed in neuronal cells.KCNQ2/Q3 current expressed in CHO cells has similar characteristics as that seen in neuronal M-current.Linopirdine is a powerful blocker of KCNQ2/3 channel and acetylcholine inhibits the current by muscarinic M_1 receptor.This experiment has laid a solid basis for further study of M-current and KCNQ2/3 current,and is important for the study of neurological diseases relating to alteration of M-current,such as convulsion,epilepsy and Alzheimers disease.

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are easily isolated and amplified, and facilitate the exogenous gene transfer and expression. In the human medicine, it is believed that BMSCs are ideal therapeutic cells and target cells in the gene therapy.OBJECTIVE: To investigate liposome-mediated cytosine deaminase (CD) gene transfecting rabbit BMSCs and its gene expression. DESIGN: A single sample observation. SETTING: Dalian Research and Development Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering; Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University.MATERIALS: This study was performed at in the Dalian Research and Development Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering; Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University from March 2006 to June 2007. New Zealand big-ear white rabbits of either gender, weighing 2.0-2.5 kg, with the age of 5 months old, were included in this study. METHODS: The CD gene was obtained from E.coli JM109 DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The fragment was cloned into pMD19-T vector. After restriction enzyme BamHI/XhoI digestion analysis and DNA sequence analysis, pIRES2-AcGFP1-CD eukaryotic expression plasmid was constructed. Meanwhile, BMSCs were harvested, cultured and identified. After enzyme digestion of eukaryotic expression plasmid, the rabbit BMSCs were transfected by Lipofectamine 2000-mediated method. Twenty-four hours after transfection, expression of green fluorescent protein was observed under an inverted fluorescent microscope. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Construction of eukaryotic expression plasmid and identification of CD gene-transferred BMSCs. RESULTS: CD gene was cloned and connected to eukaryotic expression plasmid with green fluorescence. Twenty-four hours after transfecting rabbit BMSCs, it was found under an inverted microscope that under the excitation of 488 nm blue light, green fluorescence appeared in the pIRES2-AcGFP1-CD and pIRES2-AcGFP1 empty-plasmid transfected BMSCs, but not in the non-transfected ones. It indicates that CD gene successfully transferred BMSCs. CONCLUSION: BMSCs are ideal vectors in the CD gene therapy.

Objective Inhibition of matrix seedling raising in winter greenhouse on premature bolting of Angelica sinensis.Methods Three factors of sowing periods,soil media,and seeds were tested in ortho-gonal design by repeated three times.Results In total 15 treatments,bolting percentage of A.sinensis in seven treatments were lower than 1%,among which the lowest was 0.14%;In the other seven treatments,the bolting percentages were 1%—5%,and in another treatment,it was 19.93%.No bolting happened in 40% of total 45 tested plots,and the bolting percentage was lower than 5% in other 46.7% tested plots.Stalk of winter raised seedlings started to produce at the beginning of August,which delayed 70 d compared to that of the traditional seedlings,bolting peak period of winter raised seedlings was in the middle of September,which delayed 100 d compared to that of the traditional seedlings.In total 15 treatments,100% of bolting plants only stalked,but no flowers produced in six treatments,over 50% of bolting plants only stalked,but no flowers produced in the other eight treatments,38.9% of bolting plants only stalked but no flowers produced in another one treatment.The sample test showed that ethanol extracts content of bolting plant root without flower was 45.93%.Influence in each one of these three factors to premature bolting percentage approached to the utmost notable difference,the influence sequence was sowing periods,seeds,and soil matrixes.Conclusion Premature bolting percentage of A.sinensis is not only obviously decreased by matrix seedling raising in winter greenhouse,but also the bolting can possibly be avoided,and bolting date be also delayed greatly.

Objective To analyze the mortality in people aged 70 years and over who had undergone aortic valve replacement (AVR) for aortic stenosis.Methods The clinical data of 246consecutive cases aged 70 years and over,who had received AVR,were retrospectively analyzed.The 144 cases (58.5 % ) had hypertension,42 cases ( 17.1 %) had atrial fibrillation,27 cases ( 11.0 % )were obeses,and 18 cases (7.3%) had undergone previous heart surgery.Results The 29 cases (11.8%) were dead within 30 days after operation.Among them,15 cases (8.8%) were with isolated AVR and the other 14 cases (18.7%) were with an associate procedure,the difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05).The rate of postoperative complication was 24 .4%.The commoncomplications were:48 cases (19.5%) with low cardiac output,24 cases (9.8%) with renal dysfunction,52 cases (21.1% ) with prolonged ventilatory support and 12 cases (4.9%) with sepsis.In the Poisson regression analysis,the main predictors of mortality were low cardiac output,renal failure,sepsis and associate procedure.The main predictors of morbidity were CBP time ＞ 120 min,atrial fibrillation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Conclusions The balance between the benefits and risks of the surgery should be well evaluated before deciding to perform AVR.

OBJECTIVETo explore the genetic basis and phenotypic correlation with disease severity in a large cohort of Chinese patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

METHODSA total of 179 unrelated Chinese HCM patients admitted to our department from 2002 to 2011 were enrolled in this study. Direct gene sequencing of β-myosin heavy chain (MYH7), myosin binding protein-C ( MYBPC3), and cardiac troponin T (TNNT2) were performed and clinical data were obtained in these patients.

RESULTSA total of 34 mutations were identified in 40 patients (22.3%), 79.4% (27/34) mutations occurred only once and a possible hot spot, A26 in MYH7, was found. Distribution of mutations was 52.9% (18/34) (MYBPC3), 35.3% (12/34) ( MYH7) and 11.8% (4/34) (TNNT2) respectively. Double mutations were identified in 2.2% (4/179) patients. Genotype-positive patients were associated with an earlier symptom onset, severer left ventricular hypertrophy, a higher incidence of syncope, and were more likely to have positive family history of HCM or sudden cardiac death (SCD) , and were more likely to progress into heart failure (24.2% vs. 5.0%, P = 0.002) and at a higher risk of SCD (9.1% vs. 0, P = 0.009) during the 6.5-year follow-up. No statistical difference in any clinical parameters and outcomes was found between patients carrying MYBPC3 and MYH7 mutations. Double mutations were associated with malignant clinical progression in this cohort. Different phenotype severity could be seen in HCM patients with same genotype (e. g. MYH7-1736T, TNNT2-R92W).

CONCLUSIONMYBPC3 is the most predominant gene mutation in this HCM cohort. The presence of a sarcomere mutation in patients with HCM is associated with poor clinical outcome, although no specific genes or mutations can exactly predict the severity of clinical phenotypes.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; Carrier Proteins ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Disease Progression ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Sarcomeres ; Troponin T ; Ventricular Myosins