Objective To investigate the correlation of the expression of KAI1/CD82 and laminin receptor (LNR) in cholangiocarcinoma, and study its role in the invasion and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma. Methods The expressions of KAI1/CD82 and LNR in 48 cholangiocarcinoma tissue samples were detected by SP immunohistochemistry, and their relationships with clinicopathological factors were analyzed. Results The positive expression rates of KAI1/CD82 and LNR in cholangiocarcinoma were 31% (15/48) and 54% (26/48), respectively. In highly differentiated cholangiocarcinoma, the positive expression rate of KAI1/CD82 was high (χ2=3.911, P<0.05), while that of the LNR was low (χ2=6.970, P<0.05). The positive expression rate of KAI1/CD82 in cholangiocarcinoma with metastasis was significantly lower than that in cholangiocarcinoma without metastasis (χ2=5.765, P<0.05), while the positive expression rate of LNR in cholangiocarcinoma with metastasis was significantly higher than that in cholangiocarcinoma without metastasis (χ2= 9.952, P<0.05). The expression level of KAI1/CD82 was negatively correlated with that of the LNR ( r = -0.462, P < 0.01 ). Conclusions The up-regulated expression of LNR in cholangiocarcinoma correlates with the decreased expression of KAI1/CD82, and plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of cholangio-carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the expression of LOXL2 protein (lysyl oxidase like-2 protein) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related markers in cholangiocarcinoma tissues and its relation with the malignant features. Methods The expression of LOXL2、E-cadherin and Vimentin protein in 48 cases of cholangiocarcinoma tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry and compared with the clinicopathological data of cholangiocarcinoma. Results The positive expression rate in cholangiocarcinoma was 71% ( 34/48 ) for LOXL2 and 46% ( 22/48 ) for Vimentin, the absent expression rate was 52% (25/48) for E-cadherin. The positive expression rate of LOXL2 was significantly associated with the absent expression of epithelium markers E-cadherin ( r = 0. 394, P < 0. 05 ) and the positive expression of fibroblast markers Vimentin ( r = 0. 406, P < 0. 05 ). There was no correlation between the expression of LOXL2 and patients gender, age, and cancer differentiation, but a significant correlation with tumor metastasis was found ( P < 0. 05 ). Conclusions LOXL2 protein overexpression in cholangiocarcinoma may accelerate invasion of cholangiocarcinoma through induced EMT.

Objective:To establish the alcoholic fatty liver(AFL) animal models,and to explore the protective effect of Zhi Zi Da Huang Tang (ZZDHT) on the rats with AFL and its dosage.Methods:A total of 54 SD rats were divided into normal control group (n=10) and model control group (n=44).The rats in model control group were given alcohol by lavage (50% ethanol solution 6.0 mL·kg-1) combined with high-fat feed to establish the rat models of AFL.After 4 weeks,the rats in model control group were randomly divided into model group(treated with water),simvastatin group (10 mg·kg-1),low and high doses (5.0 and 10.0 g·kg-1) of ZZDHT groups,and there were 10 rats in each group.Every 2 weeks during the process,the body weights and levels of serum total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),aspertate aminotransferase (AST),and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were detected.After 4 weeks,the body weights and liver weights of the rats were detected;the levels of TC,TG,AST,ALT,alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in serum and liver tissue of the rats of were detected;the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) in serum of the rats were detected;the morphology of liver tissue was observed by HE staining and the pathological examination was performed.Results:Compared with normal control group,the levels of serum TC,AST,ALT,TG,TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β of the rats in model group 4 weeks after administration were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with model group,the levels of serum TC,TG,AST,and ALT of the rats in low and high doses of ZZDHT groups 4 weeks after administration were decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01);the levels of serum TNF-α and IL-6,IL-1β of the rats in high dose of ZZDHT group were decreased (P<0.01);the levels of serum TNF-α and IL-1β of the rats in low dose of ZZDHT group were decreased (P<0.01);the levels of serum ADH and ALDH in liver tissue of the rats in low and high doses of ZZDHT groups and simvastatin group were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The HE staining result showed that compared with model group,the pathological conditions of the liver tissue of the AFL rats in ZZDHT groups were significantly improved.Conclusion:ZZDHT can significantly improve the liver injury caused by high fat diet combined with alcohol and fat liver lesions.

Objective To explore the surgical management of chronic pancreatitis complicated with pancreatolithiasis (CPPL). Methods The clinical data of 66 patients with CPPL were retrospectively analyzed. Pancreatolithiasis was classified into 4 types according to the location of stones: stones located in the head of the pancreas (type Ⅰ, n=28), stones located in the body of the pancreas (type Ⅱ, n=30), stones located in the tail of the pancreas (type Ⅲ, n=1) and stones located from the head to tail of the main duct of pancreas (type Ⅳ, n=7). Ten patients (including 4 with type Ⅰpancreatolithiasis, 5 with type Ⅱ and 1 with type Ⅳ) received conservative treatment; 10 patients with type Ⅰ pancreatolithiasis underwent lithotomy under endoscope; pancreaticoduodenectomy and Beger procedure were carried out on 14 patients with type Ⅰ pancreatolithiasis, pancreatolithotomy+pancreaticojejunostomy on 25 patients with type Ⅱ pancreatolithiasis, resection of pancreatic tail and spleen on 1 patient with type Ⅲ pancreatolithiasis, and Puestow-Gillesby procedure, dividing of the neck of pancreas+removing stones from both ends of pancreatic duct+Roux-en-Y pancreatojejunostomy on 6 patients with type Ⅳ pancreatolithiasis. Results Sixty-two patients were followed up for 2 months to 15 years, and the number of patients with recurrence for type Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ pancreatolithiasis was 4, 2, 0 and 3, respectively. Conclusions Early surgical management according to the location of stones should be carried out after confirmed diagnosis of CPPL. Individualized management based on correct diagnosis and classification plays an important role in the prevention of pancreatolithiasis recurrence.

Objective To discuss the comparability of blood urea nitrogen (BUN),creatinine (Cr),uric acid (UA) results and provide basis for result concordance in different biochemical systems.Methods The within-run precision and the between-day precision for the median and high values of quality control materials were tested in Beckman LX-20 and Hitachi 7600 chemistry analyzer respectively,and the evaluation criteria were according to the precision requirement of manufacturer and our laboratory.According to American Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) document EP9-A2,serum BUN,Cr,UA from 40 patients were detected by Hitachi 7600 chemistry analyzer as experimental method and by Beckman LX-20 chemistry analyzer as comparative method.The relative bias ( SE％) between experimental method and comparative method was calculated and the concordance of biochemical analysis system was determined according to EQA requirements and acceptable performance criteria Results The between-run and between-day precision coefficients of variation for BUN,Cr and UA in two biochemical analysis systems were lower than the precision requirement of manufacturer and our laboratory.In Hitachi 7600 chemistry analyzer,the SE％ for BUN at three levels of medical decision were 9.4％,2.0％ and 0.8％,the SE％ for Cr were 7.3％,3.8％ and 2.8％,the SE％ for UA were 7.9％,1.7％ and 1.2％.Two biochemical analysis systems were not comparable in BUN analysis because SE％ of serum BUN levels detected by Hitachi 7600 at low medical decision level exceeded the specified range.The remaining items between two biochemical analysis systems were concordant.Conclusion While the same test is detected by more than two systems in one laboratory,it is necessary to do method comparison and bias evaluation for concordance in order to ensure the comparability among test results.

Acute leukemia marks the main type of non-solid cancer in children.Studies have proved that long non-coding RNA plays important roles in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies and can be applied as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and efficacy monitoring of leukemia patients.This article briefly reviews the roles of long non-coding RNA in the tumorigenesis and progression of childhood acute leukemia.

OBJECTIVETo explore the genetic basis and phenotypic correlation with disease severity in a large cohort of Chinese patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

METHODSA total of 179 unrelated Chinese HCM patients admitted to our department from 2002 to 2011 were enrolled in this study. Direct gene sequencing of β-myosin heavy chain (MYH7), myosin binding protein-C ( MYBPC3), and cardiac troponin T (TNNT2) were performed and clinical data were obtained in these patients.

RESULTSA total of 34 mutations were identified in 40 patients (22.3%), 79.4% (27/34) mutations occurred only once and a possible hot spot, A26 in MYH7, was found. Distribution of mutations was 52.9% (18/34) (MYBPC3), 35.3% (12/34) ( MYH7) and 11.8% (4/34) (TNNT2) respectively. Double mutations were identified in 2.2% (4/179) patients. Genotype-positive patients were associated with an earlier symptom onset, severer left ventricular hypertrophy, a higher incidence of syncope, and were more likely to have positive family history of HCM or sudden cardiac death (SCD) , and were more likely to progress into heart failure (24.2% vs. 5.0%, P = 0.002) and at a higher risk of SCD (9.1% vs. 0, P = 0.009) during the 6.5-year follow-up. No statistical difference in any clinical parameters and outcomes was found between patients carrying MYBPC3 and MYH7 mutations. Double mutations were associated with malignant clinical progression in this cohort. Different phenotype severity could be seen in HCM patients with same genotype (e. g. MYH7-1736T, TNNT2-R92W).

CONCLUSIONMYBPC3 is the most predominant gene mutation in this HCM cohort. The presence of a sarcomere mutation in patients with HCM is associated with poor clinical outcome, although no specific genes or mutations can exactly predict the severity of clinical phenotypes.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; Carrier Proteins ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Disease Progression ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Sarcomeres ; Troponin T ; Ventricular Myosins

When the size of a neurosphere cultured in vitro reaches a certain critical value, a necrotic core will appear inside the neurosphere because of the limitation of oxygen or other nutrients transport from medium to the cells in the neurasphere. Large necrotic core will greatly reduce the expansion of NSCs. The cellular automaton (CA) model is applied in this article to model the growth of NSCs in sphere state. The appearance and enlargement of the necrotic core in a neurosphere is calculated by coupling the CA model with the nutrient diffusion analysis in bioreactors. The calculation results indicate that the culture conditions, such as seeding density, the concentration of nutrients in medium and the mass transfer coefficient between a neurosphere and medium, have some effects on the appearance of the necrotic core. However, the necrotic core mainly depends on the inner diffusion. It will certainly appear if the size of the neurosphere is large enough even the outside mass transfer is in a good condition in bioreactors. Additionally, the appearance of the necrotic core resulting from the shortage of oxygen is earlier than that caused by the limitation of glucose. And the growth of the necrotic core is very fast after its appearance, and the whole neurosphere may become necrotic. The model developed with cellular automaton and mass transfer is a good qualitative representation of NSCs growth in bioreactors.
Bioreactors ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Computer Simulation ; Models, Biological ; Neurons ; cytology ; Spheroids, Cellular ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Tissue Engineering ; methods

Objective:To explore the effect of low expression of human epidermal growth factor-like domain protein 6 (EGFL6) gene in human bladder cancer cell 5637 on its proliferation ability in vitro and in vivo.Methods:Human bladder cancer cells 5637 were divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group cells targeted human EGFL6 gene with small interfering RNA (siRNA) , and the control group cells were transfected with Mock-siRNA. The cells in the experimental group and the control group were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The content of EGFL6 mRNA in the medium. CCK8 was used to detect the proliferation ability of cells. Nude mice were injected subcutaneously with human bladder cancer cells 5637 in the experimental and control groups respectively, and the proliferation ability of the cells in vivo was detected by subcutaneous transplantation tumor assay in nude mice. The expression of EGFL6, p-P13K, and p-AKT was detected by western blotting.Results:The expression of EGFL6 was 0.19±0.03 and 0.91±0.11 in the experimental and control groups, respectively. siRNA-EGFL6 decreased the protein expression of EGFL6 in human bladder cancer 5637 cells in the experimental group. CCK8 results showed that the absorbance of the experimental group and the control group were 1.558±0.152 and 2.287±0.182, respectively. The results of subcutaneous tumor transplantation in nude mice showed that the volume of tumor in experimental group and control group was (1192.07±250.9) μm 3 and (2280.5±600.1) μm 3, respectively. The mass were (0.66±0.31) g and (1.52±0.48) g, respectively. The tumor volume and mass of the experimental group decreased after 4 weeks. The results of protein immunoblotting experiments revealed that the expression of p-P13K was 0.79±0.14 and 0.33±0.09 in the control and experimental groups, respectively, and the expression of p-AKT was 0.93±0.13 and 0.28±0.06, respectively, confirming that the expression of p-P13K and p-AKT were decreased in the experimental group of cells compared with the control group. Conclusion:The low expression of EGFL6 can inhibit the proliferation of human bladder cancer cell 5637 in vivo and in vitro through the P13K-AKT signaling pathway.

Peritoneal dialysis is a recognized renal replacement therapy. Long term peritoneal dialysis will lead to changes in the morphology and function of the peritoneum, that is, peritoneal fibrosis, which is a known cause of the loss of peritoneal ultrafiltration capacity. Pyroptosis is a special type of soluble programmed cell death, characterized by cell swelling, rupture, secretion of cell contents and significant proinflammatory effect. The pyroptosis can be divided into typical and atypical pathways, and the inflammatory body of NOD like receptor heat protein domain related protein 3 (NLRP3) is the most important initiator. Current evidence shows that high glucose peritoneal dialysis fluid can induce peritoneal Mesothelium to scorch, and the inflammation and cell damage caused by it can aggravate the progress of peritoneal fibrosis. Different signal pathways have been proved to regulate the occurrence of pyroptosis. The latest research has proved that some potential targeted methods to inhibit pyroptosis can effectively inhibit the inflammation of peritoneal mesothelium and alleviate peritoneal fibrosis. This article mainly discusses the molecular mechanism of pyroptosis and the relationship between pyroptosis and peritoneal fibrosis.