Medium filtering efficiency and loading capacity have been evaluated using staphylococcus aureus aerosol,0.75?m NaCl aerosol and Ecoli.F2 phage aerosol,and the face fit factor of actual wearing has been tested under eight predefined activities.The results have shown that the filtration efficiencies of respirator for the three kinds of tested aerosol were above 99 percent,the breathing resistance was less than 250 Pa,and while the load reached 150mg,the breathing resistance of the respirator was still below standards.The fit factors of most of the objects were over the detection capacity of the international standard test set.Our mask offers the best biological protection quality of all the protection equipments in international market.The new biological protective respirator comes to the equal protection result of the half face mask.It can be stored in a flat surface construction form,while be used in the cavity construction style.It is convenient for the troops to be equipped and applied for its smaller physical volume and lighter weight.

Objective To investigate the aerosolized livability,aerosolized quantity and aerosol particle diameter,etc. of phage D29. Methods Phage D29 aerosol was produced in the aerosol test cabinet in negative pressure laboratory. TSI3321 aerodynamic particle sizer spectrometer was used for detecting the diameter of the aerosol particle. Bioaerosol particle median diameter was tested with Anderson six grade microorganism sampler. The aerosolized livability and quantity of phage D29 were determined by the variations of the concentrations and quantities of phage D29 before and after aerosolization.Results The aerodynamic diameter of phage D29 aerosol was 0.872 μm. Bioaerosol particle median diameter was 2.21 μm. The livability after aerosolization for 5,15,30,45,and 60 min were 89.78％,77.19％,48.86％,33.99％,30.12％,respectively. The aerosolized quantity of phage D29 was 232 μl/min. Conclusion The characters of the aerosolized livability,aerosolized quantity and aerosol particle diameter of phage D29 were thought to be suitable for further research into aerosol inhalation treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in animals.

Objective To compare problem-based learning (PBL) versus lecture-based learning (LBL) in the teaching of rehabilitation medicine in China.Methods All Chinese articles on PBL and LBL in teaching of rehabilitation medicine courses indexed in CBMdisc,Wanfang database,CNKI database,and Google academic search published prior to October 2017 were included.The methodological quality of the selected studies was assessed with'Cochrane Quality Evaluation Standard'.Meta analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3.Results After exclusion of non-eligible citations,a total of 18 documents involving 1943 subjects were satisfied the criteria and were included in this review.Meta-analyses revealed that PBL had a significant improvements on theoretical knowledge examination scores (MD=9.26,95％CI=5.24 to 13.29),practical skills examination scores (MD=12.11,95％CI=5.17 to 19.06),performance excellent rate (RR=3.90,95％CI=2.10 to 7.26),and patient satisfaction rate (RR=8.98,95％CI=4.23 to 19.07) (P＜0.05) among students compared with LBL in teaching of rehabilitation.Conclusion In this meta analysis,PBL is superior to LBL and worthy popularizing in teaching of rehabilitation.

Objective:Previous studies have shown an association between programmed death-ligand 1 expression(PD-L1)in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and clinical factors and that PD-L1 is positively correlated with TNM staging.This study aimed to explore the prognostic significance of PD-L1 and its correlation with the maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax).Methods:Clinicopath-ological data and the follow-up information of the 122 de novo primary NSCLC patients were analyzed.PD-L1 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in this 122 surgically resected non-small cell lung carcinoma tissues.Survival outcomes were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model.Correlation between SUVmax and PD-L1 expression was analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation analysis.Results:Multivariate analysis revealed that PD-L1 expression(HR=4.518,95% CI:1.176-17.352,P=0.028)and tumor size(HR=1.404,95%CI:1.020-1.933,P=0.037)were independent risk factors for overall survival(OS) in early NSCLC patients.Sex,age,pathological type,CEA level,and SUVmax group had no obvious effect on OS(P 0.05)in early NSCLC patients.In univariate analyses,sex,pathological type,tumor size,and SUVmax group affected OS in stageⅢ-ⅣNSCLC patients.How-ever,age,CEA level,and PD-L1 expression had no effect on OS.PD-L1 expression was not an independent risk factor for OS in stageⅢ-ⅣNSCLC patients.The SUVmax group had no association with PD-L1 in all patients.Conclusions:PD-L1 expression is an independent risk factor for OS in early NSCLC patients but not in stageⅢ-Ⅳpatients.