Objective To establish examination methods of electromyography (EMG) for tensor veli palatini (TVP) ,to obtain EMG values and EMG graphic patterns of TVP in normal healthy population .Methods A total of 20 healthy adults were selected for the study .Under the guidance of nasopharyngoscope ,especially designed elec-trode needles were inserted into different sites of TVP .All the 20 healthy adults were asked to perform series of swallowing and recorded the EMG values and EMG waveforms .Results At a scanning speed of 5 ms/div ,and with the TVP point as tie point ,the results of 20 healthy adults were obtained for 38 sides of TVP EMG .With the TVP contraction duration (0 .863 ± 0 .255 s) ,the peak voltage was produced by the contraction of 445 .100 ± 246 .808μV .The wave forms of EMG were considered as the interference .TVPs were observed bilaterally in synchroniza-tion with the contraction during swallowing .Action potential durations were 9 .142 ± 2 .178 ms ,and the amplitude of the action potential was 254 .260 ± 191 .544 μV .The action potential graphic configuration was multi -phasic with 2~3 waveforms .Conclusion This experimental study showed that when the TVP point was as tie point and the scanning speed was set at 5 ms/div record ,the results of action potentials were obtained more stable and clearer and the TVP normal values were also obtained for the normal population .

Objective To investigate the expression of Gli1 protein in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues,and evaluate its association with the prognoses of the patients.Methods A total of 106 patients were enrolled and their clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed.The expression of Gli1 proteins were detected by immunohistochemical staining,and its association with time to recurrence/metastasis (TTR) and overall survival (OS) of the patients were analyzed.Results The positive rate and expression intensity of Gli1 protein in recurrent or metastatic tumor tissues were higher than those in non-recurrent and non-metastatic tumor tissues [86.84 ％ (33/38) vs.58.82 ％ (40/68),1.32 scores vs.0.71 scores,both P ＜ 0.01),while the positive rate and expression intensity of Ki-67 protein remained no difference between both groups [97.37 ％ (37/38) vs.91.18 ％ (62/68),1.89 scores vs.1.75 scores,both P ＞ 0.05).The positive rates and expression intensities of Gli1 and Ki-67 proteins in CRC tissues were higher than those in adjacent tissues [26.42 ％ (28/106) and 0.27 scores;4.72 ％(5/106),0.05 scores] and normal tissues [3.33 ％ (1/106),0.03 scores;0,0.00 scores] (all P ＜ 0.01).Results of univariate analysis showed that the expression of Gli1 protein,tumor grade and lymph node involvement were significantly associated with TTR,but all of the clinicopathological factors had no obvious association with OS.The association remained significant between the expression of Gli1 protein and TTR in multivariate analysis (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The expression of Gli1 protein is an independent prognostic marker of recurrence or metastasis in CRC patients,its high expression implicates a high risk of CRC recurrence or metastasis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between the gene polymorphism of metabolizing enzymes and the genetic susceptibility to lung cancer as well as to study the synergistic effects between smoking and the genes.

METHODSA case-control study (case = 217, control = 200) was carried out to compare the frequent distribution of CYP1A1, 2E1, 2D6 and GSTM1 genotypes between the lung cancer group and the control group with a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method and to analyze the relationship between these genes and smoking.

RESULTSGSTM1-null genotype frequency was 58.5% in the lung cancer group and 47.5% in the control group with significant difference (P = 0.02). The frequent distribution of CYP1A1, 2E1, 2D6 genotypes was not significantly different in the two groups (P > 0.05). Synergistic effects were found between smoking and GSTM1 but not between smoking and CYP1A1, 2E1, 2D6.

CONCLUSIONSmoking and GSTM1-null genotype seemed to be the risk factors of lung cancer. Those who carrying GSTM1-null genotype and smoking cigarettes were prone to suffer from lung cancer to become the high-risk population of the disease.

Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 ; genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Glutathione Transferase ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic

This study was aimed to investigate the clinic significance of helicobacter pylori (HP) in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The infection of HP in 92 ITP children was determined by (13) C-Urea Breath Test, the same test was also performed on 66 healthy children. The 68 children infected with HP were randomly divided into 2 groups: single drug group treated only with corticosteroid and; combined drug group treated with corticosteroid and anti-helicobacter pylori treatment. The results showed that 68 patients infected with HP were found in 92 ITP children (74.7%), 26 patients infected with HP were observed in 66 healthy children (39.4%), which was lower than that in ITP children (74.7%, P < 0.05). After anti-helicobacter pylori therapy, the total effective rate and cure rate of ITP patients increased respectively from 73.5% to 94.1%, and the total recurrence rate (17.0%) was much lower than single drug group (47.1%, P < 0.05). Otherwise, after therapy the platelet count in both two groups increased continuously, and at the same time point, the platelet count in anti-helicobacter pylori group was higher than that in the single drug group (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the ITP children have a higher infection rate of HP, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of ITP. Anti-helicobacter pylori therapy would help to improve the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the recurrence of ITP children.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; therapeutic use ; Breath Tests ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Female ; Helicobacter Infections ; complications ; drug therapy ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Male ; Platelet Count ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; complications ; microbiology ; Treatment Outcome

Adult ; Female ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; therapy ; Humans ; Liver Failure, Acute ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Liver, Artificial ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Organ Failure ; complications ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Sorption Detoxification

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of electroacupuncture on force-displacement value (FDV) of muscle state and electrophysiology of the muscle in rabbits with lumbar nerve root compression.

METHODSThirty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into a control, a model, an electro-acupuncture acupoints (EAA), a medication, and an electro-acupuncture un-acupoints (EAU) group. All rabbits except those in the control group were subject to modeling (surgical lumbar nerve root compression). The control group was sham-operated without nerve root compression. The EAA group received electro-acupuncture at bilateral Shenshu (BL23) and Dachangshu (BL25) that were located 1.5 cun lateral to the posterior midline on the lower border of the spinous process of the 2nd and 4th lumbar vertebra, respectively. The EA was 15 mm deep and the frequency was 2 Hz. Each session lasted for 20 min per day for a total of 14 times. The medication group was treated with Loxoprofen sodium by gastrogavage at 4 mg/kg per day for 14 days. The EAU group received electro-acupuncture identical to the EAA group with regard to the treatment frequency and duration except a different acupoint at the tip of rabbit tail. Muscle states were determined by measuring FDVs of the bilateral biceps femoris using the Myotonometer® fast muscle state detector. Meanwhile, the prolonged and non-prolonged insertion potentials were measured by electromyography before and after modeling and after treatment. Latency, amplitude (Amp) of evoked potential, motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) were also determined after treatment.

RESULTS(1) After modeling, FDVs of right side activation (RSA, P=0.003) and right side relaxation (RSR) in the model group (P=0.000) were significantly decreased in comparison to the control group. The number of rabbits with non-prolonged insertion potentials in the model group was also significantly decreased (P=0.015) in comparison to the control group. (2) After treatment, FDVs of RSR were significantly increased in the EAA (P=0.000) and medication groups (P=0.018) in comparison to the model group. The increase in FDVs of RSR in the EAA group was significantly higher than that in EAU (P=0.000) and medication groups (P=0.002). MNCV in the model group was reduced compared with the control group (P=0.000). The reduction in MNCV after modeling was reversed in the EAA group (P=0.000) and medication group (P=0.008) after treatment and the increases were significant in both treatment groups in comparison to the model group. The EAA group had a greater MNCV recovery than the medication group (P=0.022).

CONCLUSIONElectro-acupuncture could improve the rehabilitation and regeneration of FDVs and the electrophysiology index of the muscle with nerve control impairment.

Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Electromyography ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Evoked Potentials ; physiology ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; physiopathology ; Motor Neurons ; physiology ; Muscles ; physiopathology ; Neural Conduction ; physiology ; Rabbits ; Radiculopathy ; physiopathology ; therapy

Objective To establish a model of acute gouty arthritis( AGA) in rats and observe its maintenance time. Methods The AGA model of rats was established by injecting monosodium urate ( MSU) at the concentration of 25 mg/mL into the ankle joint cavity. The rats were observed for 8 d at different time points. Skin temperature, degree of joint swelling, gait, inflammatory cells in synovial fluid, histopathological changes of synovial tissue and other indicators were observed to determine whether the modeling and maintenance time were successful. Results At 3 h after modeling, differ-ences in the swelling of ankle joint, increase of skin temperature, abnormal gait, the number of inflammatory cells in syno-vial fluid, synovial hyperplasia, capillary congestion, and disarrangement of synovial cells in the rats were observed in the saline group and the model group (P <0. 01). At 4 hours after modeling, the above mentioned inflammatory changes in the saline group were significantly reduced, compared with that at 3 h, showing a significant difference (P<0. 01), while the inflammatory changes of the model group were increased significantly compared with that at 3 hours ( P<0. 01 ) , and showed significant difference compared with the saline group (P<0. 01). At 24 h after modeling, the indexes in the rats of saline group returned to normal, but the inflammation of the model group was increased. At 48-72 h after modeling, the local inflammation such as ankle swelling, skin temperature, and abnormal gait of the rats in the model group reached a peak. The inflammation of the ankle joint in the model group was gradually reduced from 96 to 168 h after the model was established, but there were still significant differences in the indexes compared with the blank group (P<0. 01). At 192 h after modeling, the joint swelling, skin temperature and abnormal gait of the rats in the model group returned to normal, however, there were significant differences in the number of inflammatory cells and the pathological changes of synovial membrane compared with the blank group ( P<0. 01 ) . Conclusions A rat model of AGA can be successfully prepared and identified at 4 h after modeling by injection of MSU crystal suspension into the ankle joint cavity. This rat model of AGA can be maintained at least 168 hours after modeling.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the epidemiological features of human calicivirus( HuCV) infection in children with diarrhea in a hospital in Guangzhou.

METHODSStool specimens were collected from children with viral diarrhea diagnosed between October, 2003 and January, 2004 and between October, 2004 and January, 2005. HuCV was detected by means of RT-PCR and sequence analysis of the PCR products.

RESULTSEighty specimens positive for Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) were identified from 648 stool specimens, with a positivity rate of 12.35%, and sapporo-like viruses (SLVs) were identified in 2 specimens (0.31%). The monthly NLV positivity rate was 11.74% (Oct.), 14.16% (Nov.), 9. 09% (Dec.) and 13.95% (Jan.), respectively, showing no significant variation in these months. NLVs mainly infected children below 2 years old. Twenty-two strains of NLVs were sequenced and analyzed, and 21 of them were identified as GII and the genotype of 1 strain could not be determined. The prevalent viral population were GII-3 and GII-4 in 2003 and was GII-4 in 2004, and both of the SLVs belong to GI-1.

CONCLUSIONNLVs is one of the important pathogens causing sporadic acute gastroenteritis in children admitted in the hospital in Guangzhou, and the prevalent strains are GII-3 and GII-4 , but different prevalent strains are possible in different periods.

Caliciviridae ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Caliciviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; epidemiology ; virology ; Diarrhea, Infantile ; epidemiology ; virology ; Feces ; virology ; Female ; Genotype ; Hospitals ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Molecular Epidemiology ; methods ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Norwalk virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Phylogeny ; Prevalence ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; Seasons ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Objective To explore the potential targets and synergistic mechanisms of Kushen Decoction for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. Methods The main active ingredients of Kushen Decoction were captured from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TC-MSP) and the Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) database, and the potential targets were predicted. In addition, the active ingredients of Kushen Decoction that were not included in the TCMSP database were retrieved in CNKI, WanFang Data, CBM, PubMed and Web of Science databases, and the target genes of all supplemented active ingredients were predicted using the online TargetNet database. Network construction and analysis were performed using the Cytoscape software, and cryptosporidiosis-related targets were retrieved in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and GeneCards database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was created using the STRING database, and the DAVID database was used for GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses. The tissue distribution of key targets was investigated using the BioGPS database, and the AutoDockTools software was employed to verify the molecular docking results. Results A total of 38 active ingredients of Kushen Decoction were screened, and the core ingredients included quercetin, (+)-14α-hydroxymatrine and apigenin. A total of 831 targets of Kushen Decoction and 512 cryptosporidiosis-related targets were predicted, and PPI network analysis revealed 69 key targets, including AKT1, TNF and IL-6. There were 303 biological processes, 46 molecular functions and 29 cellular components involved in the treatment of cryptosporidiosis with Kushen Decoction, and 13 KEGG pathways played a therapeutic role in the synergistic mechanisms of multiple targets, such as Toll-like receptor (TLR), nuclear factor kappa B(NF)-κB, nucleotide binding oligomerization domain like receptor (NLR) signal pathways. The core targets were mainly distributed in the hematologic and immune systems. Molecular docking analysis showed that the binding energy between active ingredients and key targets were all less than 0 kJ/mol, indicating the strong binding of ligands to receptors. Conclusions The active ingredients of Kushen Decoction, such as quercetin, (+)-14α-hydroxymatrine and apigenin, may act on targets like AKT1, TNF, IL-6 to modulate TLR, NLR and NF-κB signaling pathways to play a synergistic role in the treatment of cryptosporidiosis in the hematologic and immune system.

Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of GRACE discharge score on the long-term out-of-hospital coronary thrombotic events (CTE) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents. Methods: Present study was a prospective, observational, single center study. 10 724 consecutive patients underwent PCI in Fuwai Hospital between January and December 2013 were included, stents were implanted with conventional method. After PCI, patients were prescribed aspirin 100 mg once daily indefinitely, and either clopidogrel 75 mg once daily or ticagrelor 90 mg twice daily for at least 1 year. A total of 9 782 patients were included in the final analysis after excluding patients who did not undergo successful stent implantation, who were not discharged on dual anti-platelet therapy (DAPT), who only underwent bare-metal stents, who experienced in-hospital major bleeding, stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction (MI) or death,and who lost follow up. Clinical data were collected from all patients. 9 543 patients with complete baseline data were further analyzed for risk stratification and predictive value of GRACE discharge score. CTE was defined as stent thrombosis or spontaneous myocardial infarction. All patients were followed through Fuwai Hospital Follow-up Center, and evaluated either by phone, letter, or clinic visits or at 1, 6, 12 and 24 months after PCI. Risk stratification was performed according to the GRACE discharge score, and the predictive value of the GRACE discharge score was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: After 2 years follow-up, there were 95 CTE among the 9 782 patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of CTE: CTE group (95 cases) and no CTE group (9 687 cases). GRACE discharge score was significantly higher in CTE group than no CTE group (82.98±27.58 vs. 75.51±22.46, t=-2.57, P=0.012). According to risk stratification of GRACE discharge score, the patients were divided into low-risk (≤88) group (n=6 902), moderate-risk (89-118) (n=2 988) and high-risk (>118) (n=343) groups. As compared to the low-risk group, CTE risk in moderate- and high-risk groups was 1.59 times (HR 1.59, 95%CI 1.01-2.52, P=0.046) and 3.89 times higher (HR 3.89, 95%CI 1.98-7.65, P<0.001), respectively. Further analysis showed that the GRACE score had predictive value in the total cohort for CTE (area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) 0.576, 95%CI 0.512-0.640, P=0.012) and in the acute coronary syndromes(ACS) subgroup for CTE: (AUROC 0.594, 95%CI 0.509-0.680, P=0.019), but not in the non-ACS subgroup: (AUROC 0.561, 95%CI 0.466-0.657, P=0.187). Conclusion GRACE discharge score can predict the long-term out-of-hospital CTE in patients undergoing PCI with drug-eluting stents and treated with DAPT, and patients can be stratified into the low-, moderate- and high-risk groups of CTE by the GRACE discharge score.