Acupuncture ; history ; Acupuncture Points ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Terminology as Topic

Objective To ob se rve the effects of danazol on hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axises and expressi ons of hypothalamic GnRH and pituitary GnRH receptor mRNA in female rats. Methods Female rats at 5 days of age were given a sin gle subcutaneous injection of 300 ?g danazol to induce true precocious puberty. Animals were divided into 3 groups: normal control, model group and vehicle gro up. The day of vaginal opening from 25 days of age was monitored, and the establ ishment of first estrus cycle from the day of vaginal opening was investigated b y examination of vaginal smears. The weights of body, pituitary, adrenal, uterus and ovary were measured to identify the developmental status of main organs. Th e expressions of hypothalamic GnRH and pituitary GnRH receptor mRNA were assayed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results Female rats treated with danazol significantly (P

Objective To study the relationship between tyrosine phosphorylation(TP)and protein expression of insulin receptor substrate-1(IRS-1)and insulin resistance in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods IRS-1 expression and TP in skeleton muscle tissue were determined by Western blot and immunoprecipitation in women with GDM(GDM group,n=22),normal pregnant women(normal pregnancy group,n=22)and normal nonpregnant women(normal nonpregnant group,n=13).Fasting plasma glucose(FPG)and fasting insulin(FINS)were measured by oxidase assay and immunoradioassay. Results(1)The levels of FPG,FINS,and insulin resistance index were calculated according to homeostasis model assessment [ HOMA-IR;(5.6?0.8)mmol/L,(15.4?5.1)mU/L,and 1.2?0.5 ] in GDM group were significantly higher than those in normal pregnancy group [(4.4+0.5)mmol/L,(10.6 ?3.1)mU/L,and 0.8?0.3;P

Objective To explore influencing factors for complete resection and operation time of endoscopic submucosal dissection( ESD) for colorectal tumors. Methods This retrospective study included 95 consecutive colorectal tumors in 88 patients whose pathological diagnosis was adenoma and carcinoma, treated with ESD at the Department of Endoscopy of the First Hospital of Jilin University from January 2013 to December 2014. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted on the factors related to complete resection and operation time. Results Average tumor size was 28. 7±14. 1 mm(range,8?80 mm), and the average procedure time was 80. 72±63. 90 min. The rate of complete resection was 92. 6%(88/95),and the rate of incomplete resection was 7. 4%(7/95). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that fibrosis (P=0. 012,OR=52. 473, 95%CI:2. 571?1140. 438) contributed to incomplete resection. Fibrosis ( P=0. 001, OR=0. 045, 95%CI:0. 007?0. 289) ,tumor size ( P=0. 035,OR=0. 170, 95%CI:0. 033?0. 884) ,granular?type laterally spreading tumor ( P=0. 013, OR=34. 432, 95%CI:2. 138?554. 476 ) , non?granular?type laterally spreading tumor(P=0. 044,OR=31. 715, 95%CI:1. 093?919. 904) were independent factors for extending operation time of colorectal ESD. Conclusion The severer fibrosis can induce higher rate of incomplete resection. The more severe fibrosis is, the larger tumor size is, and the longer operation time is.

· AIM: To explore the relationship between the expression of Fas/FasL and the apoptosis in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury of rats, as well as the therapeutic effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)on the ischemic retina.injury were made by transiently elevating introcular pressure. A total of 28 rats were divided into Normal Group and Operative Group. The latter were subdivided into 1, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72h after reperfusion, in which the left eyes of the rats were in the ischemia/reperfusion groups and the right ones were in the treatment groups (bFGF intracameral injection). Apoptosis was assessed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labelling (TUNEL) method, and theexpression of Fas/FasL ligand was studied by strept avidin-biotin complex (SABC) immunohistochemistry.mai rats' retinae, but there were a significant number of TUNEL positive cells in 6-24h after transient ischemia followed by a decrease at 48h. The number of TUNEL positive cells reached a maximum at 24h after ischemia.The expression of Fas gradually increased as early as at 6h, reached a peak at 24h, then decreased at 48h. Similarly, the expression of Fas ligand was at peak in 24-48h in GCL and INL of retina. bFGF ministered before reperfusion inhibited apoptotsis and ameliorated the tissue damage. It also diminished Fas and FasL expression in ischemic/reperfused retina.siently elevated IOP induced apoptosis of cells in the retina. Fas/FasL may have an important role in the early events of the apoptotic pathways. bFGF can rescue RGCs from retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury through down-regulation of Fas and Fas ligand expression and may represent an important mechanism for therapeutic neuroprotection.

Membrane proteins are the main undertakers of biofilm function, and also the most important target group for innovative drug discovery and research. About 60% of drugs targets are membrane proteins. Due to the obvious aggregation and denaturation tendency of membrane proteins in aqueous solution, it is difficult to simulate the membrane like environment to maintain the correct conformation of membrane proteins in vitro, which results in the slower-growing research on the structure and function of membrane proteins and related ligand drugs than that of water-soluble proteins. Membrane protein stabilization technology is the premise of establishing high specificity, high sensitivity and high throughput drug screening methods for membrane protein ligands, which is of great significance. In this paper, some techniques for stable separation and purification of membrane proteins are reviewed, including detergents, artificial membranes, polymers, lentiviral particles and so on, as well as their specific applications in drug screening.

Objective To evaluate the theraputic effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE)for hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombosis of portal vein.Methods One hundred and six patients of hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombosis of portal vein under treament of TACE were observed before and after the procedure.Results After TACE tumor size reduced＞50% in 23 patients,＜50% in 25, no significant change in 44.The size of tumor enlarged in 12.The disappearance of portal vein tumor thrombosis accessed in 14,with reduction in 39,and no significant change in 51.Two patients died within one week.Conclusion TACE provides good therapeutic effect on hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombosis of portal vein.

Liquid-phase microextraction is a novel pretreatment technique for biological samples developed on the basis of liquid-phase extraction technology, which is simple, rapid, economical, and environmentally friendly, and has been widely used in the analysis of biological matrix samples such as blood, urine, and saliva. In this paper, we review the basic principles of the main modes of liquid-phase microextraction techniques, i.e., single-drop microextraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, and hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction, and the progress of their applications in biological sample pretreatment by reviewing the literature in the past five years, with a view to providing technical support and reference for sample pretreatment in the fields of in vivo drug analysis, pharmacokinetic studies and new drug development.

ABC transporters on the intestinal barrier, blood-brain barrier and on tumor cells will affect drug bioavailability, transport across the blood-brain barrier and multidrug resistance. The active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines can affect the function and expression of ABC transporters. When combined with pharmaceuticals the potential interaction between the two can change the efficacy of the medicines. We review the ABC transporter superfamily and their distribution with regard to their relationship and interactions with traditional Chinese medicine on the intestinal barrier and the blood-brain barrier, as well as their role in tumor multidrug resistance mediated by ABC transporters. We summarize the research progress over the past five years.

OBJECTIVETo explore the application value of the high-frequency ultrasound examination of the normal adult sciatic nerve.

METHODSThe high frequency ultrasound was used to examine 60 cases ,a total of 120 normal adult sciatic nerve (28 males and 32 females ranging in age from 19 to 38 years old, averaged 23.8 years old). The age between men and women, height and weight showed no significant difference. The cross-sectional scanning and longitudinal scanning, if necessary, Panoramic Imaging were conducted. The cross section area of sciatic nerve was measured at the hip line, the middle of the thigh, the edge of the popliteal fossa, and the relationship betwen the sciatic nerve and surrounding muscle group was observed in each cross-section. Probe was rotated 90 degree to display the long axis of sciatic nerve, to get the longitudinal section along the long axis from top to bottom. So the sciatic nerve in the vertical axis and the surrouunding muscles was displayed by above method combined with panoramic imaging. The data of coss-sectional area of sciatic nerve were obtained at the central of hip line, the middle of the thigh, the edge of the popliteal fossa, and then were divided into different groups by gender and sides to do statistical analysis.

RESULTSThe applicatic nerve in thigh can be clearly displayed by high-frequency ultrasound in this group of 60 people with 120 nerves, but low display rate of sciatic nerve in hip, approximatley 31.4% (21/66). The longitudinal section of the sciatic nerve displayed as the banded isoechoic or slightly hyperechoic, parallel partial hyperechoic line could be seen in it; in the cross-section, it showed a clear edge of the sieve-like isoechoic or slightly hyperechnie, which could be oval ,trapezoidal, triangular and irregular in shape; the sciatic nerve bad visible passive movement and shape change when muscle contracted. There were statistically significant differences of cross-sectional area of sciatic nerves at the hip line ,the middle of thigh and edge of the popliteal fossa between 56 sciatic nerves in 28 males and 64 sciatic nerves in 32 females (P< 0.05); but there were no significant differences between left and right sides (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONHigh frequency ultrasound can be used as the first choice of the sciatic nerve when an imaging method preferred.