Cerebral Infarction ; etiology ; Dextrocardia ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Spleen ; abnormalities ; Syndrome

As the dilution procedure was applied, a simple, rapid and cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for determination of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 was successfully by performed in a total 83 samples of 10 traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), which were collected from 5 different hospital pharmacies and 5 different medical stores in Guangzhou city. Matrix effects of these 10 TCMs were ranged from 80.23% to 115.5% in low, intermediate and high concentration levels, indicating that the negative effect was overcome in this study. Meanwhile, the analysis method was proved to be stable and reliable during the whole analysis using Semen Armeniacae Amarum spiked 3 concentration levels of standard solution as quality control samples and the RSD < 6.6% was obtained. The contamination levels of 83 investigated samples were 13.89% and 17.02% in hospital pharmacies and medical stores, respectively. The result was presented to provide relevant reference and supplement to those researchers in TCMs analysis and screening.
Aflatoxin B1 ; analysis ; Aflatoxins ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drug Contamination ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Quality Control ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the virological response of managing chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with peg-interferon alpha-2b (PEG-IFN alpha-2b) and ribavirin.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the virological response of 40 patients with different genotypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection after anti-HCV management. Patients were given different dosages of PEG-IFN alpha-2b and ribavirin based on their weights. The duration of treatment was 48 weeks for patients infected by HCV genotype 1, and was 24 weeks for the others. HCV RNA was tested before treatment, 12 weeks post management, end of treatment, and 24 weeks after treatment stopped.

RESULTSData from 40 patients were collected. Among them, 24 cases experienced HCV genotype 1 infection, and 16 cases were infected with other genotypes. Between these two groups, the early virological responses were 75.0% (18/24) and 87.5% (14/16), the end-of-treatment virological responses were 80.0% (16/20) and 85.7% (12/14), and the sustained virological responses were 56.2% (9/16) and 78.5% (11/14), respectively.

CONCLUSIONBody weight-based customized PEG-IFN alpha-2b in combination with ribavirin can effectively treat patients with different genotypes of CHC.

Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polyethylene Glycols ; RNA, Viral ; blood ; Recombinant Proteins ; Retrospective Studies ; Ribavirin ; administration & dosage ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo establish a 16S rDNA multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for simultaneously detecting P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans and T. denticola in clinical specimens of chronic periodontitis and to study the correlation between different modes of infection and severity of the disease.

METHODSPeriodontal pocket specimens from 152 patients with mild, moderate or advanced chronic periodontitis and gingival sulcus specimens from 30 periodontally healthy individuals were collected and placed in 200 microl lysis buffer. The specimens were incubated in 100 degrees C for 10 min and 10 microl of the supernatant was directly used as PCR template. DNAs from P. gingivalis strain ATCC33277, A. actinomycetemcomitans strain Y4, T. denticola strain FM and E. coli strain DH5alpha were used as positive and negative controls in PCR with all of which were prepared by routing phenol-chloroform method. A multiplex PCR assay, using three sets of primers specific to 16S rDNA genes of the three anaerobes, was developed to detect the specimens. The target amplification fragments from 3 cases of PCR products positive for all the three anaerobes were sequenced after T-A cloning. Chi-square test was applied to analyze the correlation between different coinfection of the three anaerobes and severity of the disease.

RESULTSThe established 16S rDNA multiplex PCR assay was able to detect P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans and T. denticola at a minimum of 10, 20 and 20 cells, respectively. In comparison with the reported corresponding sequences, similarities of the nucleotide sequences from the three anaerobes 16S rDNA amplification fragments were as high as 99.45%, 97.08% and 96.59%, respectively. Of the 30 periodontally healthy gingival sulcus specimens, only one (3.3%) positive for P. gingivalis and two (6.7%) for A. actinomycetemcomitans could be identified but all of the rest were negative. In the 152 CP periodontal pocket specimens, 147 cases (96.7%) were positive for P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans and/or T. denticola, respectively, and 5 cases (3.3%) were negative for all the three anaerobes. The positive rate of P. gingivalis detection (91.5%, 139/152) was significantly higher than those of A. actinomycetemcomitans (72.4%, 110/152) and T. denticola (80.9%, 123/152) (chi(2) = 7.07, 18.67; P < 0.01). 89.8% of the specimens from patients showed coinfections with two (26.5%) or three anaerobes (63.3%), and the coinfection rates in the specimens from moderate and advanced CP were remarkably higher than that from mild CP (chi(2) = 10.43, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe 16S rDNA multiplex PCR established in this study showed high sensitivity and specificity, which could be used to detect P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans and T. denticola in clinical specimens. CP was an disease caused by multiple pathogenic microbes while the synergistic pathopoiesis of the three microbes was closely related to the severity of the disease.

Actinobacillus Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Adult ; Aged ; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ; isolation & purification ; Bacteroidaceae Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Periodontitis ; microbiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; isolation & purification ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Treponema denticola ; isolation & purification ; Treponemal Infections ; microbiology

Heart Defects, Congenital ; complications ; Hernia ; etiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Lung Diseases ; etiology ; Male ; Mediastinal Diseases ; etiology ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo determine the effect of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) on in-stent restenosis (ISR) in patients receiving clopidogrel therapy.

METHODSTotal 439 patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled in the study,including 250 post-PCI patients discharged on clopidogrel alone and 189 patients discharged on clopidogrel with PPI. The in-stent restenosis (ISR) ratio of the patients in these two groups were observed.

RESULTSDuring a mean follow-up period of (13 ± 5.9) months, the post-PCI patients discharged on concomitant clopidogrel-PPI therapy had higher risk of ISR than those discharged on clopidogrel alone (19.6% Compared with 8%, P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONConcomitant use of clopidogrel and PPI after hospital discharge would increase the risk of ISR for post-PCI patients.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Coronary Restenosis ; etiology ; Drug Antagonism ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Proton Pump Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk ; Stents ; Ticlopidine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use

Objective: The construct a pharmacy intravenous admixture service (PIVAS) for changing configuration of intravenous drugs from decentralized configuration to centralized allocation supply so as to guarantee the safety of clinical drugs of hospital. Methods: Through constructed PIVAS, adopted purified air-condition system and established fluid-layers room of different grade to achieve sterile environment for configuration of intravenous drugs. And the centralized allocation should be implemented as the characteristics of different drugs. Results: The PIVAS could reduce the waste of drugs and decrease their cost. At the same time, it guaranteed the safety of clinical medication of hospital on the bases of enhancing work efficiency of clinical nurse and reasonably resolving allocation of human resources. Conclusion: The PIVAS that changes the configuration of intravenous drugs from decentralized configuration to centralized allocation supply can positively and effectively promote the safety of clinical medication and increase work efficiency of nursing and care.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the diagnosis and managements of hepatic artery complications in orthotopic liver transplantation.

METHODSThe clinical data of 107 consecutive orthotopic liver transplantation patients was reviewed retrospectively to assess the risk factors and the diagnosis and treatment of the vascular complications.

RESULTSThe incidence of the artery related complications in orthotopic liver transplantation was associated with the quality of the donor organ artery and the reconstruction way of donor-recipient artery intimately. The main hepatic artery related complications were hepatic artery thrombosis and stenosis. The incidence of the vascular complications was 6.54%, and the mortality rate was 85.7%.

CONCLUSIONSThe main influence factors of vascular complications were the quality of the donor organ artery and the reconstruction way of donor-recipient artery. The key steps of organ salvaging and the patients' life saving were early diagnosis and treatment of those complications.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Constriction, Pathologic ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Female ; Hepatic Artery ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Thrombosis ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Transplantation, Homologous

OBJECTIVETo evaluate fungal contamination on the surface of Chinese herbal medicines and explore an appropriate method for fast and efficient identification of contaminant fungi.

METHODChinese herbal medicines were first washed and the washing solution was plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) to obtain the pure isolates. For molecular identification, two new pairs of specific primers were designed according to ITS region of fungi genome sequences. The strains were identified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis.

RESULTFifty fungal strains were obtained from the surface of 15 Chinese herbal medicines with the percent of contaminated samples of 93.3%. Twenty-seven strains among them were successfully identified.

CONCLUSIONFungal contamination on the surface of Chinese herbal medicines is quite common. Although different fungal species were isolated, the genus Aspergillus was the predominant. The primer pairs developed in this study are compatible and can be used to identify fungal species from the surface of Chinese herbal medicines.

Drug Contamination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Fungi ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective To study the antiviral effect of Jin Qiao Tablets on influenza A H1N1 virus in vivo. Methods The mouse pneumonia model was established by nasal inhalation of 15 LD50 of influenza virus. After prophylactic or therapeutic medication for 5 d,mouse lung tissue was taken out and weighed. Viral load in lung tissue was measured by polymerse chain reaction(PCR),and the level of γ-interferon(γ-IFN)in rat serum and lung was detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)for evaluating the effect of Jin Qiao Tablets on lung index, viral load and γ-IFN in rats. After prophylactic or therapeutic medication for 7 d,morbidity and mortality within 14 d of mice with pneumonia induced by nasal inhalation of 3 LD50 were observed to evaluate the action of Jin Qiao Tablets for protecting against death and prolonging life span. Results Jin Qiao Tablets markedly decreased the increased lung index,promoted the death-protection rate and life-prolongation rate, decreased viral load, raised the level of γ-IFN in mice (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Experimental results in vivo showed that Jin Qiao Tablets had better anti-influenza virus activity than Yinqiao Jiedu Tablets and Lianhua Qingwen Capsules, and the effect of Jin Qiao Tablets was equivalent to that of Tamiflu. The prophylactic effect of Jin Qiao Tablets was stronger than the therapeutic effect, but there was no significant difference between them. Conclusion Jin Qiao Tablets have obvious effect against influenza A H1N1 virus in vivo.