OBJECTIVETo study the sterilizing effect and mechanism of electrolyzed-oxidizing water (EOW) and electrolyzed-reductive water (ERW) for Bacillus subtilis var. niger (ATCC9372) and Escherichia coli (8099).

METHODSThe generations of EOW and ERW were made in the ion membrane electrolysis cell. The sterilization manner was the suspension quantitative germicidal test.

RESULTSThe killing rate of EOW for Bacillus subtilis var. niger was 99.59% in 30 minutes and the killing logarithm value was 2.38 log cfu/ml; the killing rate of ERW for Bacillus subtilis var. niger was 94.62% in 60 minutes and the killing logarithm value was 1.27 log cfu/ml; the killing rate of ERW for Escherichia coli was 100% in 30 minutes and the killing logarithm value was 8.26 log cfu/ml. When the available chlorine content (ACC) value in EOW was 74.90 mg/L and killing time was 30 minutes, the killing rate for Bacillus subtilis var. niger was 99.89% and the killing logarithm value was 2.67 log cfu/ml. When the ACC value was 6.82 mg/L, the killing rate for Bacillus subtilis var. niger was 83.30% and the killing logarithm value was 0. 78 log cfu/ml under the same time. When the oxidizing-reductive potential (ORP) and pH values of EOW were 1138 mV and 2.24 respectively, the killing rate for Bacillus subtilis var. niger was 99.99%. When the ORP and pH values of EOW were 883 mV and 5. 43 respectively, the killing rate of Bacillus subtilis var. niger was 99.73%. When the ORP value of ERW is -918 mV, the sterilizing rate for Bacillus subtilis var. niger was 94.62%; when the ORP value is -155 mV, the sterilizing ratio was only 40.19%.

CONCLUSIONIt indicates that the sterilizing mechanism of EOW is mainly chemical processes (ACC), while the physical factors are auxiliary. The sterilizing mechanism of ERW is physics sterilizing that the mainly factor is ORP.

Electrolysis ; Sterilization ; methods ; Water ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo provide basis for selecting the suitable method of Down's syndrome biochemical screening in the second trimester pregnancy.

METHODSA total of 30 547 singleton pregnancies between 14 and 20(+ 6) weeks of pregnancy were collected and analyzed for maternal serum alpha-fetoproteins (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotrophin, free beta subunit (beta-HCG) with or without unconjugated estriol (uE3). The screening risks were calculated using the software Lifecycle. The detection rates and the cost of per Down's syndrome detected were calculated and compared. And four different methods were compared in a series of 64 serum samples from Down's syndrome pregnancies.

RESULTS(1) Among the 64 affected cases, the detection rate of Down's syndrome was improved no matter in the double test (DT) or in the triple test (TT) if software Lifecycle (LC) was used to evaluate risks. And it was not suitable to evaluate risks with software 2T-Risks in the triple tests. (2) In the cohort of 30 547 singleton pregnancies, the detection rate of Down's syndrome with project DT-LC, which was double test using AFP and free beta-HCG together with software Lifecycle, and project TT-LC, which was triple test using AFP, free beta-HCG and uE3 together with software Lifecycle, was 56.25% and 57.14%, respectively. The former project was better because it decreased the false positive rate at a lower running cost.

CONCLUSIONThe DT-LC is an effective screening strategy for second trimester detection of fetal Down's syndrome in mainland China.

Adult ; Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human ; blood ; Down Syndrome ; blood ; diagnosis ; Estriol ; blood ; Female ; Genetic Testing ; methods ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; blood ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; economics ; methods ; Young Adult ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of aildenafil citrate, an oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, in the treatment of erectile dysfunction.

METHODSIntegrated analyses were made of 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trials involving 250 men with mild-to-severe erectile dysfunction of various etiologies who received aildenafil citrate 30 or 60 mg (n = 167) or placebo (n = 83).

RESULTSThe statistic results of International Index of Erectile Function, Patient Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) diaries and Global Assessment Question (GAQ) were significantly higher in the aildenafil citrate patients than in the placebo controls. The main drug-related adverse events were flushing, headache, dizziness and naupathia, which were mild and could be self-relieved.

CONCLUSIONThe aildenafil citrate therapy significantly ameliorated erectile function and was well tolerated by a wide range of patients with erectile dysfunction.

Administration, Oral ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Erectile Dysfunction ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Piperazines ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Sulfones ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To analyze the literature on artificial intelligence in forensic research from 2012 to 2022 in the Web of Science Core Collection Database,to explore research hotspots and developmen-tal trends.Methods A total of 736 articles on artificial intelligence in forensic medicine in the Web of Science Core Collection Database from 2012 to 2022 were visualized and analyzed through the litera-ture measuring tool CiteSpace.The authors,institution,country(region),title,journal,keywords,cited references and other information of relevant literatures were analyzed.Results A total of 736 articles published in 220 journals by 355 authors from 289 institutions in 69 countries(regions)were identi-fied,with the number of articles published showing an increasing trend year by year.Among them,the United States had the highest number of publications and China ranked the second.Academy of Forensic Science had the highest number of publications among the institutions.Forensic Science Inter-national,Journal of Forensic Sciences,International Journal of Legal Medicine ranked high in publica-tion and citation frequency.Through the analysis of keywords,it was found that the research hotspots of artificial intelligence in the forensic field mainly focused on the use of artificial intelligence technol-ogy for sex and age estimation,cause of death analysis,postmortem interval estimation,individual identification and so on.Conclusion It is necessary to pay attention to international and institutional cooperation and to strengthen the cross-disciplinary research.Exploring the combination of advanced ar-tificial intelligence technologies with forensic research will be a hotspot and direction for future re-search.

In this study, a new medical microbiology experiment teaching system, which was based on outcome-based education combined with inquiry-based teaching model, was developed and evaluated. According to the professional requirements of doctors, the objectives of emotion and comprehensive experimental ability were added, and the requirement for experimental operation skills was raised. In accordance with the concept of inquiry-based teaching, experimental contents were reorganized, and practical operation contents and comprehensive analytical experiments were increased to facilitate students' abilities of independent thinking and innovation. In addition, the proportion of microbiology laboratory examination was increased, experimental skill examination was focused, the assessment method was reformed, and extracurricular interest groups were established to deepen the learning. The teaching effect was evaluated by questionnaire, performance and follow-up survey. The result showed that the new model increased the students' course scores, improved their capability in innovation, academic writing and clinical working, and strengthened the weakness of traditional teaching in application and exploration, providing a new idea for the reform in medical microbiology experiment teaching.

The effects of genetic factors on the noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) are still unclear. In the present study, eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) included rs1227049 and rs3802711 (CDH23), rs1695 (GSTP1), rs137852540 (GJB2), rs2289274 (PMCA2), rs4880 (SOD2), rs7943316, and rs769214 within CAT that might associated with NIHL were further validated in Chinese workers. The results showed that the carriers of the T allele (AT+TT) of rs7943316 and A allele (GA+AA) of rs769214, were significantly associated with an increased risk of NIHL compared to those with AA genotype (P<0.05) and GG genotype (P<0.05). Moreover, a significant three-locus model (P=0.0107) involving rs2016520, rs9794, and rs1805192 were observed that might associated with NIHL, with 53.95% of testing accuracy. Thus, our present study provided the evidence that GJB2, SOD2, and CAT genes might account for the NIHL development in independently and/or in an interactive manner.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Catalase ; genetics ; China ; Connexin 26 ; Connexins ; genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Superoxide Dismutase ; genetics

Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is involved in both glucose and bone metabolism. IGF-1R signaling regulates the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated whether the IGF-1R/ β-catenin signaling axis plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic osteoporosis (DOP). Serum from patients with or without DOP was collected to measure the IGF-1R level using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Rats were given streptozotocin following a four-week high-fat diet induction (DOP group), or received vehicle after the same period of a normal diet (control group). Dual energy X-ray absorption, a biomechanics test, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining were performed to evaluate bone mass, bone strength, and histomorphology, respectively, in vertebrae. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were performed to measure the total and phosphorylation levels of IGF-1R, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and β-catenin. The serum IGF-1R level was much higher in patients with DOP than in controls. DOP rats exhibited strikingly reduced bone mass and attenuated compression strength of the vertebrae compared with the control group. HE staining showed that the histomorphology of DOP vertebrae was seriously impaired, which manifested as decreased and thinned trabeculae and increased lipid droplets within trabeculae. PCR analysis demonstrated that IGF-1R mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated, and western blotting detection showed that phosphorylation levels of IGF-1R, GSK-3β, and β-catenin were enhanced in DOP rat vertebrae. Our results suggest that the IGF-1R/β-catenin signaling axis plays a role in the pathogenesis of DOP. This may contribute to development of the underlying therapeutic target for DOP.
Aged ; Animals ; Bone Density ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis/etiology* ; Rats ; Receptor, IGF Type 1/physiology* ; Signal Transduction ; Streptozocin ; beta Catenin/physiology*

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect and safety of Kuanxiong Aerosol (, KA) on patients with angina pectoris.

METHODSBlock randomization was performed to randomly allocate 750 patients into KA (376 cases) and control groups (374 cases). During an angina attack, the KA group received 3 consecutive sublingual sprays of KA (0.6 mL per spray). The control group received 1 sublingual nitroglycerin tablet (NT, 0.5 mg/tablet). Log-rank tests and Kaplan-Meier estimations were used to estimate the angina remission rates at 6 time-points after treatment (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and >5 min). Logistic regression analysis was performed to observe the factors inflfluencing the rate of effective angina remission, and the remission rates and incidences of adverse reactions were compared for different Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) classes of angina.

RESULTSThe 5-min remission rates in the KA and control groups were not signifificantly different (94.41% vs. 90.64%, P>0.05). The angina CCS class signifificantly inflfluenced the rate of remission (95% confidence interval = 0.483-0.740, P<0.01). In the CCS subgroup analysis, the 3-and 5-min remission rates for KA and NT were similar in the CCSII and III subgroups (P>0.05), while they were signifificantly better for KA in the CCSI and II subgroups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Furthermore, the incidence of adverse reactions was signifificantly lower in the KA group than in the control group for the CCSII and III subgroups (9.29% vs. 26.22%, 10.13% vs. 20.88%, P<0.05 or P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSKA is not inferior to NT in the remission of angina. Furthermore, in CCSII and III patients, KA is superior to NT, with a lower incidence of adverse reactions. (Registration No. ChiCTRIPR-15007204).

Aerosols ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Angina Pectoris ; drug therapy ; Case-Control Studies ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Remission Induction ; Treatment Outcome