Objective To study spiral CT features and pathological basis of nodular goiter ,so that to improve the diagnostic accuracy of nodular goiter.Methods CT findings in 34 patients with nodular goiter confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed and compared with pathological findings. Results Thyroid density in the patients with NG was lower than that in the normal. There was no statistically significant difference in the density between single and multi-NG. Most lesions(28/34) were multiple, round or oval, with different size and smooth edges. The density of majority lesions was lower than nearby normal tissue. Most lesions (27/34) were uniform in density. Central necrosis(5/34)often appeared in the bigger lesions(diameter＞3.0 cm). The CT value of the lesions was increased (47.1±42.2) HU after enhancement,but lower than surrounding thyroid tissue. Calcifications in the lesions(6/34)were puncticular,plaque or crustiform. Single or multiple cystic-solid or solid nodules could be seen in pathology, without a continuous capsule in the majority. Some patients (5/13) with single NG shown on imaging study were multi-NG in the pathology. Three cases of diffuse NG showed by CT were malignant in pathology. Conclusion There are certain characteristics for NG on spiral CT. Comprehensive evaluation may improve the accuracy of CT diagnosis.

Objective To evaluate protective effects of hypothermic pulmonary protective solution with uli-nastatin on lung function during cardiopulmouary bypass (CPB) in the patients with congenital heart disease(CHD) and pulmonary hypertenion. Method Fifty-four children,who had CHD of left-to-fight shunts with moderate-se-rious pulmonary hypertension, were enrolled. They had been performed with the radical operation under CPB from September 2005 to December 2006 in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Children' s Hospital of Zhejiang University. Moderate-serious pulmonary hypertension was defined as pulmonary-to-systolic pressure ratio > 0.45(Pp/Ps > 0.45). Fifty-four children were randomly divided into three groups. Patients in group A (n = 18)didn't receive pulmonary protective solution, and scrved as control; patients in group B (n = 18) were adminis-tered with pulmonary protective solution without ulinastatin;patients in group C (n = 18) were administered with pulmonary protective solution with ulinastatin. The serum concentrations of MDA and MPO were measured at five different time points:pre-operation, 0 h, 3 h, 6 h and 24 h in the intensive care unit (ICU) (T1～5). Patients'lung functions were monitored at T1 - T4. The time of mechanical ventilation was recorded. Results No one died in this study. The mean time of mechanical ventilation was shorter in the group B and group C than that in the group A. The MDA and MPO levels were lower in group B compared with group A at T4. The MDA level at T3-T5 and the MPO level at T4 was lower in group C than those in group A. There were no significant in MDA and MPO levels between group B and group C at five time point.A-aDO2 was lower in groups B and C than those in group A at T3 and T4, whereas at T4, A-aDO2 was lower in group C than that in group B. Cdyn was higher in group B at T3and group C at T3 - T4 than those in group A. Cdyn was lower in groups C than that in group B at T4.Condusions Lung perfusion with hypothermic protective solution during CPB can all lung injury and promote recovery after operation, especialy with ulinastatin.

Objective To identify the sequence of hepatitis B virus S gene"a"determinant in patients with positive HBsAg and anti-HBs.Methods Nested-PCR Was used to amplify the HBV S gene in 4 patients with positive HBsAg and anti-HBs,and the PCR products were sequenced directly or after cloning.The sequences of"a" determinants were then analyzed by sequence alignment.Results Direct sequencing of PCR products showed that there was one amino acid (aa)residue in"a"determinant less conserved region emerging polymorphism in all 4 patients.Clone sequencing showed that aa residue at 126 of "a"determinant in patient 1 miSht be Thr,Ile and Set,at 134 might be Phe and Set;the aa at 126 in patient 2 misht be Ala and Thr.and in patient 3 might be Ile and Asn;aa polymorphism was not found in patient 4.Conclusion The polymorphism of"a"determinant in HBV S gene might be associated with positivity of both HBsAg and anti-HBs in hepatitis B patients.

Objective To assess the value of CT perfusion imaging in differentiation of mild from moderate liver fibrosis .Methods 18 patients with mild liver fibrosis (F1 phase) and 21 ones with moderate fibrosis (F2 and F3 phase) confirmed by liver biopsy were analyzed ,and all patients underwent the liver 256‐slice CT perfusion imaging .The differences in the CT parameters including hepatic arterial perfusion (HAP) ,portal venous perfusion (PVP) ,total liver perfusion (TLP) and time to peak (TTP) between dif‐ferent fibrosis were analyzed .ROC curve was used to evaluate the ability of perfusion indexes to distinguish mild from moderate liver fibrosis ,then the maximum Youden index was selected as a cutoff point to calculate the sensitivity and specificity .Results Compared with the mild fibrosis ,the TTP [(43 .86 ± 13 .41)s vs (37 .84 ± 9 .97)s ,P=0 .034)] in liver with moderate fibrosis was significantly increased .However ,no differences in the HAP ,PVP and TLP were found .The ROC curve analysis showed that a TTP threshold of 41 .7 s allowed discrimination of mild from moderate fibrosis with a sensitivity of 72 .7% and a specificity of 75% .Conclusion 256‐slice CT perfusion imaging can reflect the hemodynamic changes of liver fibrosis ,and the TTP may help to discriminate mild from moderate fibrosis .

Objective To compare the effect of cutaneous buckle and conventional suture on the suturing time and the artistic appear -ance of postoperative incision with patients who underwent anterior cervical spinal surgery .Methods The patients were randomly divided in-to cutaneous buckle group(50 patients) and conventional suture group(50 patients),the suturing time and artistic appearance of postopera-tive incision of two groups were observed .Results Buckle group and conventional suture group both got good wound healing ,the same heal-ing rate of two groups(100％) showed that there was no statistical difference in healing rate (P>0.05).The mean time of buckle group and conventional group were 7.3 minutes and 13.5 minutes,respectively,the suturing time of cutaneous buckle group was much shorter than con-ventional suture group (P<0.05).The satisfactory degree for artistic appearance of the former was higher than the latter (9.1 vs.6.8 points),the difference was significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Compared with conventional suture ,cutaneous buckle has the advantages of shorter suturing time ,better artistic appearance of incision and higher satisfactory degree in the anterior cervical spinal surgery .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the frequency and clinical phenotypes of 22q11.2 microdeletion in patients with non-syndromic tetralogy of Fallot (TOF).

METHODSSix-eight non-syndromic TOF patients (38 males and 30 females, aged 0-11 years) were selected and evaluated by history, physical examination and review of medical records. After informed consent was obtained, peripheral blood was drawn for genomic DNA extraction. Chromosome 22q11.2 microdeletion was screened by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Suspected cases were confirmed with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Data was analyzed with SPSS 11.5 software. Phenotype-genotype correlations were assessed using Fisher's exact test. P values less than 0.05 on a 2-sided test were considered to be significant.

RESULTSSix-eight non-syndromic TOF children were screened for a 22q11.2 deletion, among which 59 (86.8%) presented pulmonary stenosis (PS) and 9 (13.2%) presented pulmonary atresia (PA). Seven patients (10.3%) were found to have carried a deletion. Among these, four had TOF-PS, three had TOF-PA. The frequency of 22q11.2 deletion in patients with TOF-PA (3/9, 33.3%) is much higher than that of TOF-PS (4/59, 6.80%) (P< 0.05).

CONCLUSION22q11.2 microdeletion is present in approximately 10.3% of patients with non-syndromic TOF. The deletion tends to have a higher prevalence in patients with TOF-PA. 22q11.2 deletion should be screened in non-syndromic TOF children and genetic counselling may be provided.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; Phenotype ; Tetralogy of Fallot ; diagnosis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on adhesion, proliferation, and migration of human epidermal stem cells (ESC) in vitro.

METHODSESC were isolated and cultured by the modified method of rapid attachment to type IV collagen. (1) Morphology of cells was observed under inverted phase-contrast microscope. Expression levels of integrin β(1) and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) of cells were determined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. (2) After being treated with scratching, ESC adhered to the wall was respectively treated with nitric oxide (NO) donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) in the concentration of 1, 10, 100, 500 µmol/L. ESC without treatment of SNAP was used as control. The migration rate of ESC was detected at post scratching hour (PSH) 12 and 24. The chemotaxis of ESC (treated with SNAP in above-mentioned concentration) was tested by Transwell assay, and the transferred cell number was counted. (3) ESC was respectively treated with SNAP in the concentration of 10, 100, 500 µmol/L for 1 h. ESC without treatment of SNAP was used as control. The adhesion of ESC was detected with adhesion test, and the inhibition rate of adhesion was calculated. The proliferation of ESC (denoted as absorbance value) was determined by microplate reader at post-treatment hour (PTH) 0, 12, 24, 48. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and Dunnett t test.

RESULTS(1) Small clone formed on post culture days (PCD) 5 to 9. On PCD 10 to 14, cell proliferation sped up. CK19 and integrin β(1) were detected to be expressed in the isolated cells. The cells were identified as ESC. (2) Compared with that of ESC without treatment of SNAP [(35.7 ± 0.3)%, (45.7 ± 5.0)%], migration of ESC treated with SNAP in the concentration from 1 to 100 µmol/L was promoted at PSH 12 and 24. Migration rates of ESC treated with 100 µmol/L SNAP were the highest [respectively (48.8 ± 2.7)%, (82.1 ± 15.8)%, with t value respectively 8.34, 5.10, P values both below 0.01]. The number of ESC transferred to membrane after being treated with 100 µmol/L SNAP was significantly larger than that of ESC without treatment of SNAP (t = 9.24, P = 0.00). (3) Absorbance values of ESC treated with 100, 500 µmol/L SNAP were obviously higher than that of ESC without treatment of SNAP (with t value respectively 4.30, 4.67, P values both equal to 0.00). Proliferation of ESC treated with 100, 500 µmol/L SNAP was obviously stronger than that of cells without treatment of SNAP at PTH 24, 48 (with t values from 2.84 to 8.17, P values all below 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSExogenous NO in suitable concentration can promote the migration of human ESC. Exogenous NO can inhibit the adhesion and promote the proliferation of human ESC in vitro.

Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide ; pharmacology ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo study effects of P311 on the migration of epidermal stem cells (ESCs) in mice with superficial partial-thickness burn and injured cell model in vitro and to explore the mechanism.

METHODS(1) Eighteen male C(57) BL/6 mice were used. Fifteen of them were inflicted with superficial partial-thickness burn on the back. In three injured mice wound tissue and skin of wound edge were obtained at post burn hour (PBH) 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 respectively. The rest three mice were used as normal control, and samples were harvested with the same method as above. The expressions of P311 in harvested samples were assessed with biotin-streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) staining. (2) Six newly born C(57) BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with 50 µg/g BrdU (two times a day) for three days for ESCs-labelling. Seven weeks later, the mice were inflicted with superficial partial-thickness burn on the back. Serial slices of burn wound tissue were prepared at PBH 72 and immunohistochemically stained with SP for observation of the co-localization of BrdU-positive ESCs and P311-positive cells. (3) The empty vector pAdEasy-enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) and the adenovirus P311-expressing vector named pAdEasy-EGFP-P311 were constructed and packed. Human ESCs were isolated by the method of rapid adhesion to collagen IV. After being divided into P311 high-expressing group (n = 3) and EGFP control group (n = 3), the ESCs in two groups were respectively infected by pAdEasy-EGFP-P311 and pAdEasy-EGFP. Scratching assay was performed on ESCs in both groups after they were treated by mitomycin C for 2 hours. The remaining area within the fixed range was measured at post scratching hour (PSH) 0, 24, 48, and 72, and the wound-area healing rate was calculated. Data were processed with independent samples t test.

RESULTS(1) Expression amount of P311 was different in different parts of wound at different time points after burn. Expression amount of P311 in the newly formed epidermis and hair follicle of wound increased along with prolongation of time. Expression amount of P311 in the epidermis and hair follicle of wound edge peaked at PBH 12 and then decreased to normal levels at PBH 72. (2) Co-localization of BrdU-positive ESCs and P311-positive cells was observed in the new epidermal layer of wound tissue of mice, where ESCs were labeled by BrdU. (3) At PSH 48 and 72, wound-area healing rate was obviously higher in P311 high-expressing group [(69 ± 31)%, (89 ± 26)%] than in EGFP control group [(35 ± 12)%, (46 ± 31)%, with t values respectively -2.336, -2.611, P values all below 0.05].

CONCLUSIONSP311 may promote the migration of ESCs both in rats with superficial partial-thickness burns and in injured cell model in vitro, and it may play an important role in wound healing.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Burns ; metabolism ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epidermis ; cytology ; injuries ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins ; metabolism ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of post-discharge formula (PDF) for preterm infants, breast milk (BM) and term infant formula (TF) on increase rates of body weight, length and head circumference in preterm and low-birth-weight infants (PLBWIs) from discharge to 3 months after birth, and to provide a reference for the choice of feeding pattern for PLBWIs.

METHODSA total of 407 PLBWIs discharged from the newborn departments of ten hospitals in Guangzhou City and Foshan City in Guangdong Province, China were chosen for this study. According to feeding pattern, they were assigned to three groups: PDF-fed (n=258), BM-fed (n=58) and TF-fed (n=91). Their body weight, length and head circumference were measured at 3 months after birth, and the increase rates of growth indices relative to baseline values (at birth) were calculated and compared.

RESULTSAt 3 months after birth, the PDF-fed group had significantly greater body weight, length and head circumference than the BM-fed and TF-fed groups (P<0.05). The increase rates of body weight and length were significantly higher in the PDF-fed group than in the BM-fed and TF-fed groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCompared with those fed with BM and TF after discharge, the PDF-fed PLBWIs have higher increase rates of body weight and length and show greater body weight and length at 3 months after birth. However, further study is needed to investigate the long-term effects.

Body Height ; Body Weight ; Breast Feeding ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Formula ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; growth & development ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; growth & development ; Male

OBJECTIVETo analyze the genetic characteristics of EV71 strains isolated from HFMD cases in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in 2009.

METHODSIn 2009, totally 385 specimens from 344 HFMD cases were collected from Ningxia. Enterovirus isolation was performed in RD cell line from all the specimens. EV71 isolates were identified by specific RT-PCR from the positive cultures, and sequences of complete EV71 VP1 encoding region were determined for farther analyses.

RESULTSTotally from 126 EV strains isolated in this study, 58 EV71 strains (46%) were identified. And complete VP1 sequences of 46 EV71 strains were determined, and genetic analyses were performed. It was showed that the nucleotide identity of 46 Ningxia strains with the representatives of A and B genotypes were 81.7%-82.8% and 83.1%-85.2%, and the amino acid identity were 93.9%-95.9% and 96. 2%-97.9% respectively. The nucleotide identity of NingXia EV71 isolates with representatives of subgenotype C1, C2, C3, C4a, C4b, and C5 were 88.3%-90.6% (97.9%-99.6%), 88.3%-90.1% (97.9%-99.3%), 87.8%-89.0% (97.6%-98.9%), 94.2%-98.9% (97.9%-100%), 91.8%-94.1% (98.6%-99.6%), and 86.7%-89.1% (97.9%-98.9%). Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that 46 stains were clustered with reference stains of subgenotype C4 and the Ningxia EV71 isolates were belonged to subgenotype C4a.

CONCLUSIONEV71 of subgenotype C4a had spread widely in Ningxia in 2009, which was absolutely predominant type in Ningxia in 2009 and also as the predominant type in China mainland since 2005.

Capsid Proteins ; genetics ; China ; epidemiology ; Enterovirus A, Human ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny