Purpose　The aim is to investigate the effects of BSP on immunological function in normal and immunosuppressed mices.Methods　Thymus and spleen indexes, peripheral blood WBC number,the lymphocyte proliferation response, IL-2 production and serum and splenocyte hemolysin contents were measured after intraperitoneal injection of BSP in normal and immunosuppressed mices.Results　(1)BSP 100 mg/（kg*d）×10d significantly increased the thymus and spleen indexes and peripheral blood WBC number in immunosuppressed mice.The thymus and spleen indexes in normal mice was also increased. In addition,BSP markedly improved T,B lymphocyte proliferation responses and IL-2 production in normal and immunosupressed mices.(2) BSP improved the serum and splenocyte hemolysin contents in normal and immunosuppressed mice. Conclusion　It was suggested that BSP was a kind of immunomodulator, and could improve the immunological function of normal and immunosuppressed mices.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of frontoparietal drill versus parietal drill in the burring hole and drainage for chronic subdural hematoma(CSDH),and provide an evidence for clinical application.Methods A total of 82 patients with CSDH from January 2013 to January 2016 in our hospital were randomly divided into observation group and control group.The observation group chose frontoparietal drill which located at the front 1/4 point at the axial view with the thickest hematoma.Control group chose parietal drill which nearby the parietal tuberodties at the axial view with the thickest hematoma.The postoperative residual hematoma volume,intracranial gas volume,recurrence rate,neurologic function and mental state between two groups were compared.Results The postoperative residual hematoma volume,intracranial gas volume,the recurrence rate and CSS were lower compared with the control group,the differences were significant(P<0.05).The MMSE score of observation group were higher that of the control group,the difference was significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The frontoparietal drill has a better effect to remove the hematoma and promotes neural functional recovery.

Objective To investigate the effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride on the cell apoptosis in lung tissues in a rat model of traumatic acute lung injury (ALI) .Methods Fifty-four SD rats weighing 225-275 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 18 each) : control group (group C) , ALI group, penehyclidine hydrochloride group ( group P) . Traumatic ALI was induced by dropping a self-made impact device on the chest of anesthetized rats according to the technique described by Raghavendran et al. Intraperitoneal penehyclidine hydrochloride 2 mg/kg was injected immediately after blunt chest trauma and at 12 h after blunt chest trauma in group P. Six rats in each group were sacrificed at 3, 12 and 24 h after blunt chest trauma and the lung tissues collected for microscopic examination and determination of cell apoptosis (by TUNEL) and expression of Bax and Bcl-2 (by immuno-histochemical staining) . The apoptosis index was calculated. Results The apoptosis index and expression of Bax and Bcl-2 were significantly higher, while the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was significantly lower at each time point in groups ALI and P than in group C ( P ＜ 0.05) . The apoptosis index and Bax expression were significantly lower,while the Bcl-2 expression and ratio of Bcl-2/ Bax higher at each time point in group P than in group ALI.The microscopic examination showed that penehyclidine hydrochloride injection significantly attenuated the pathologic changes. Conclusion Penehyclidine hydrochloride can reduce the traumatic ALI through inhibiting the cell apoptosis in rat lung tissues.

Objective To explore how Vibrio vulnificus (Vv) invades dendritic cells (DC) and induces acute necrosis of DC via toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 pathways.Methods Vv 1.1758 strain and DC 2.4 mixed culture model was established,observed the infection rates of DC with optical microscope,the location of Vv and structural changes of DC by transmission electron microscope.The expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA were determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) protein titers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).DNA ladder qualitative test was used to detect cell apoptosis,while flow cytometry was used to quantify cell apoptosis and necrosis rates.Statistical analysis was done by chi-square test and one-way ANOVE.Results The infection rates of DC after 0.5,1,2,4 and 6 h of mixed culture were (7.8±0.8) ％,(13.9± 1.1) ％,(34.6±4.9) ％,(77.8± 10.2)％ and (95.8 ± 13.1)％,respectively.Vv was generally located in the internal cell membrane of DC 2.4.After 2 h co-culture,nuclear chromatins of DC became active and intranuclear apoptosis bodies appeared.After 4 h,cytoplasmic vacuoles appeared,chromatin gathered,and cell membranes were seriously damaged.After 6 h,mitochondria was highly swelled and distorted,and cell apoptosis and necrosis occurred.TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA levels reached peak values after co-culture for 0.5 h; TNF-α level began to increase at 1 h (P＜0.05) and reached peak values at 2 h.DNA Ladder electrophoresis presented scouring necrosis after 2 h culture and apoptotic bands appeared between 720 bp and 900 bp after 4 to 5 h culture.Early apoptosis rates of DC after 2,4 and 6 h culture were (3.1±3.8)％,(7.8±4.7)％ and (12.7±8.2)％,and necrosis rates of DC were (16.7±12.5)％,(41.6±25.9)％ and (75.5±33.6)％,higher than that of control group (all P＜0.05).Conclusions Vv infects DC and induce DNA degradation through up-regulated expression of TLR2 and TLR4 and increasing of TNF-α inflammatory mediators.During cell degradation,apoptosis and necrosis coexist,while necrosis is predominant.

Objective:To analyze the clinical manifestations and esophageal motility characteristics of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and extra-esophageal symptoms.Methods:From January 1 to October 30, 2018, at PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, 180 hospitalized patients diagnosed with GERD and extra-esophageal symptoms were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into laryngopharyngeal symptom group (65 cases), airway symptom group (58 cases) and mixed symptom group (57 cases). General data, clinical symptoms, gastroscopic manitestations, the results of high-resolution esophageal manometry and 24-hour multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH monitoring of each group were analyzed and compared. Chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis.Results:The patients aged <40, 40 to 60 and >60 years accounted for 12.8% (23/180), 53.3% (96/180) and 33.9% (61/180), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=12.030, P=0.017). There were 18.9%(34/180) of patients without typical reflux symptoms. There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of ectopic esophagogastric mucosa or Barrett esophagus under gastroscopy between laryngopharyngeal symptom group, airway symptom group and mixed symptom group (21.5%, 14/65; 5.2%, 3/58 and 8.8%, 5/57, respectively) ( χ2=8.578, P=0.014). There were no statistically significant differences in the lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP), upper esophageal sphincter pressure or distal contractile integral between laryngopharyngeal symptom group, airway symptom group and mixed symptom group ((8.57±0.76), (8.87±0.79), and (10.51±0.97) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa); (44.75±2.86), (42.81±4.06), and (39.14±3.20) mmHg; (506.13±64.30), (432.59±78.10), and (682.99±82.28) mmHg·s·cm)(all P>0.05). The DeMeester score of laryngopharyngeal symptom group , mixed symptom group and airway symptom group was (14.33±2.09), (21.94±5.30) and (30.47±5.85) points, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=3.226, P=0.043). The results of multi-channel impedance monitoring showed that acid reflux and weak acid reflux were the main reflux in the patients, which accounted for 55.5% (76/137) and 34.3% (47/137), respectively. Among 87.6% (120/137) of the patients, reflux mainly occurred in the upright position while 12.4% (17/137) of the patients had reflux in the supine position. Conclusions:The extra-esophageal symptoms of GERD is associated with age. Ectopic esophagogastric mucosa or Barrett esophagus are more common in GERD patients with laryngopharyngeal symptoms. There are more acid exposure and pathologic acid reflux in GERD mainly with airway symptoms. Weak acid reflux at upright position plays an important role in the reflux mechanism of GERD with extra-esophageal symptoms.

Objective To explore the short- term efficacy of argon- helium knife cryotherapy followed by chemotherapy in treating advanced non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to investigate its effect on the long- term survival. Methods During the period from March 2005 to March 2008, a total of 61 patients withⅢb or Ⅳ stage NSCLC received argon- helium knife cryotherapy followed by chemotherapy (study group), and other 52 patients with Ⅲb or Ⅳ stage NSCLC were treated with chemotherapy only (control group). The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. The pain was evaluated by numeric rating scale (NRS) and the quality of life (QOL) was assessed by functional assessment of cancer therapy- general (FACT- G) scale. The clinical effect was evaluated according to RECIST criteria for solid tumor, and the patient’s survival time was recorded. Results (1) Twenty- six patients had local pain before the treatment, and the pain was relieved in different degrees after cryotherapy. The QOL, including all respects of FACT - G, was significantly improved after cryotherapy in all 61 patients. (2) The remission rate of the study group and the control group was 34.4% and 15.4% respectively, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). (3) The median survival time of the study group and the control group was 12.9 months and 9.5 months respectively, and the one- year survival rate of the study group and the control group was 53.6% and 35.4% respectively. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion Argon- helium knife cryotherapy is a safe and effective local treatment for advanced NSCLC, which can quickly reduce the tumor load, relieve the pain and improve patient’s quality of life. Cryotherapy with subsequent chemotherapy is superior to simple chemotherapy in improving the patient’s survival rate.

Aim To explore new grouping method of clinical pharmacology experiments. Methods Based on the principle of “minimize the unbalanced coefficient”,the sequential balanced coefficient method is to measure the comparability between groups through a very simple unbalanced index. Conclusion This method is simplied compute,convenienced manipulate and strong comparable between groups,which is especially applied to clinical pharmacology experiments.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic significance of ECG and coronary arteriography (CAG) in coronary heart disease in different age groups. Methods totally 216 cases of suspected or CAG-confirmed coronary heart disease were retrospectively analyzed. The non-elderly group included patients aged 45-59 years, and the elderly one was older than 60. Patients in each group were further divided into subgroup A and B with or without the pain in heart front area, respectively, accompanied by ST-T change in ECG. Comparative analysis of CAG and ECG changes was done between different age groups, and between subgroup A and B. The history of pain in heart front area, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), platelet count (PLT), and fibrinogen (Fg) were also analyzed for clinical diagnosis. Results In the non-elderly, positive CAG was 88.8% in subgroup A while 56.3% in group B ( P0.05). TC, LDL-C, and Fg were significantly higher in subgroup A than in subgroup B for the elderly group. But in non-elderly, TC, TG, LDL-C, and Fg in subgroup A were significantly higher than those in subgroup B(all P0.05). The history of pain in heart front area was longer in the elderly, and also in this age group, more patients showed multivessel involvement. Conclusions ST-T change of ECG accompanied by classical pain in heart front area is more valuable than single ST-T change in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease, especially among non-elderly patients. ST-T change could not be used simply as a tool to diagnose coronary heart disease. The diagnosis should be made generally considering the typical symptom of the pain in heart front area, clinical history, TC, TG, LDL-C, and Fg. CAG could increase the positive diagnostic rate of coronary heart disease and decrease the rate of misdiagnosis as well.

Objective: To observe the changes of heart rate and the contents of angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ) in blood plasma in ventricular tachycardia(VT) rats with electro-acupuncture(EA) on ‘daling’(PC7). Methods: 40 SD rats were randomly divided into normal, model, treatment and control groups with 10 cases in each. VT model was duplicated by inject CsCl in femoral vein. To observe the rats’ electrocardiogram (ECG) and record their heart rates. EA was applied to‘daling’ (PC7) on treatment group and applied to‘Taiyuan’ (LU9) on control group for 5 minutes. Then, we detected the contents of AngⅡ in the rats’blood plasma respectively. Results: The heart rate and contents of AngⅡin rat increased obviously in model group were (547?30) time/min and (353.21?49.12)pg/mL). They restored to the normal state after EA ‘daling’ (PC7) are(474?25)time/min and(268.44?47.49)pg/ mL.But the effect was not obvious in ‘Taiyuan’ (LU9). Conclusion VT rat heart can be prompted to restore to the normal state after EA ‘daling’(PC7); AngⅡ played an important role in VT.

Objective To understand the structure characteristics of hypopus of Caloglyphus berlesei. Methods The hy?popus of C. berlesei was collected from the feed of Chinese Polyphaga,and was made into the conventional glass specimens. The structure characteristics of hypopus of C. berlesei were observed by an optical microscope. Results The hypopus of C. ber?lesei had 4 pairs of legs,and the foot claws and tarsus were well?developed. The structural features were shown,such as the se?tae of tibia and setae of genu. Genital plates were obviously ossified. Conclusion The research on hypopus of Caloglyphus ber?lesei provides the reference for its further scientific classification and research on the life cycle.