Objective To detect the level of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines of peripheral blood CD+3 T lymphocytes in patients with breast cancer, in order to find out the laboratory evidence of tumor immunotherapy. Methods The peripheral blood lymphocytes were stimulated by stimulator in order to enhance expression of cytokines. Specific fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibody combined with antigen. Cytokines were detected by flow cytometry and ELISA. Results Both the cytokines secreted by CD+3 T lymphocytes and serum cytokines showed that the level of Th1 type cytokines such as interferon-?(IFN-?), interleukin-2(IL-2), interleukin-12(IL-12) were significantly lower in patients of breast cancer than those of normal controls. The level of Th2 type cytokines such as interleukin-4(IL-4), interleukin-10(IL-10) were higher in patients of breast cancer than those of normal controls. There was significant difference between them. The level of tumor necrosis factor ? (TNF-?)in patients were significant higher than normal control. Conclusion Th1/Th2 was imbalance in mammary cancer. Th1 type cytokines were inhibited, and Th2 type cytokines were relatively enhanced, so Th1/Th2 shift to Th2. It maybe the mechanism of tumor arising and transferring by immune escaped from immunosurveillance.

Objective In order to evaluate the quality and performance of chlorine dioxide disinfectant,it is necessary to develop a set of methods to determine the components in chlorine dioxide disinfectant.Methods Iodometry,malonic acid iodometry,improved malonic acid iodometry and five-step iodometry were employed to determine the components including ClO_2, Cl_2,ClO_2~-,and ClO_3~-in chlorine dioxide disinfectant,the advantages and disadvantages of the test methods were compared.Results Using iodometry,the liquid stabilized chlorine dioxide products activated by hydrochloric acid,the content of ClO_2 was 20.23 mg/ml that was accord with the content which was marked in the product label.Using malonic acid iodometriy,the liquid stabilized chlorine dioxide contents of ClO_2 was 19.99 mg/ml,Cl_2 was 0.35 mg/ml,in which a little chlorine was detected.Using improved malonate iodometry and five-step iodometry,the activation rates of the liquid stabilized chlorine dioxide products were 88.0% and 75.6% respectively,ClO_2 and ClO_2~-in the liquid stabilized chlorine dioxide products could be distinguished.Conclusion Active chlorine dioxide and residual ClO_2~-can be detected by using iodometriy and improved malonic acid iodometry,but iodometriy and malonic acid iodometry can not.

AIM: To investigate the effects of IL-13 on expression of IL-1? in acute renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS: Fifty-seven male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 8 group: normal group,sham operation group, ischemia group, ischemia/reperfusion injury group(I/R), normal saline(NS)-treated group 1(C-1), NS-treated group 2(C-2),IL-13-treated group1(T-1)and IL-13-treated group 2(T-2).Rats were subjected to 45 min bilateral renal ischemia followed by reperfusion. rmIL-13 (1.5 ?g/50 g body weight )was injected into the renal arteries through the abdominal aorta before ischemia(T-1) or immediately afterischemia(T-2).The serum level of IL-1? and the renal expression of IL-1? were determined in each group at 24 h post-ischemia. In addition, BUN,Cr and renal histology were also measured. RESULTS: (1)The serum level of IL-1? [C-1to T-1: (27.13?5.51) ng/L to (14.05?3.82) ng/L, P

Biological chemistry of Chinese herbal germplasm resources (BCCHGR) is a new cross-discipline formed from rapid development of modern science and technology and its application in the area of Chinese herbal resources. BCCHGR was defined as probing and understanding biological processes like heredity, gene transcription, expression and metabolism of Chinese herbal germplasm, at the interface of biochemistry, molecular biology and chemistry, elu-cidating the nature of Chinese herbal germplasm using as TCM medicine as well as the forming mechanism thereof. In this paper, the scientific background, definition, significance and contents of BCCHGR were discussed to depict a preliminary picture of BCCHGR and arouse popular consideration and discussions.

Objective To optimize the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determining the content of scopoletin from Caulis Erycibes. Methods Methanol-25% HCl ( v/v, 4 : 1) solvent was used to extract scopoletin. HPLC method was performed on Waters XBridge Shield RP18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5μm) with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile ( A) and 0.16% ( v/v) acetic acid ( B) solution by gradient elution. The detection wavelength was 298 nm and the flow rate was set at 1.0 mL/min. Results The linear range of scopoletin from Caulis Erycibes was 2.83-118 μg/mL, and the recovery rate was 99.47% ( sR=1.07%). Conclusion The optimized method is simple, specific and accurate, and can provide reference for content determination of scopoletin in Caulis Erycibes.

Objective To investigate the expression change of LRP16 in endometrial cancer tissues and its influence on the pro-liferation of human endometrial carcinoma HEC-1-B cells .Methods HEC-1-B cells were transfected with LRP16 .RT-PCR was used to examine the expression of LRP16 in 26 normal endometrium specimens ,10 endometrial cancer specimens .RT-PCR was used for verifying the transfection success .WES-T was used to observe the proliferation change of HEC-1-B cells .Results The positive expression rate and level of LRP16 mRNA in the endometrial cancer tissues were 83 .33% and 0 .82 ± 0 .21 ,which were significantly higher than 30 .00% ,0 .47 ± 0 .18 in the normal endometrium tissues(P<0 .05) .The RT-PCR detection results revealed that the expression of LRP16 mRNA after transfection was significantly increased .HEC-1-B cells in the transfection group could continued to proliferate in vitro ,but the proliferation capacity was not increased .Conclusion The expression abnormality of LRP16 may be closely related to the occurrence and progress of endometrial cancer ,LRP16 gene may have potential value for the endometrial canc-er gene therapy .

Objective To establish a DNA extraction method for DNA barcoding analysis of Chinese medicinal materials.Methods Seven different DNA extraction methods were used to extract DNA from 6 medicinal recalcitrant plants which are rich in secondary metabolites.Results CTAB method 3 was fast,simple,universal and effective,by which a high DNA concentration and qualified ratio were obtained as compared with the other methods.The DNA extracted by this method could provide good results for DNA barcoding analysis.The main improved steps of this methods were as follows:①adoption of 3 %CTAB rather than 2 %CTAB in the exaction;②adding 1 %polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) and 0.2 %?-mercaptoethnoal in extraction solution to remove secondary metabolites and to prevent DNA degradation;③centrifuge at 10000 r/min for 15 min to remove protein and impurity.Conclusion CTAB method 3 is a proper method of DNA extraction for DNA barcoding analysis of Chinese medicinal materials.

OBJECTIVETo investigate and analyze the perioperative prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents in 118 hospitals in China.

METHODS3557 medical records (from September to December, 2006) of 118 hospitals were drawn out randomly. The perioperative prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents was investigated and analyzed.

RESULTSProphylactic antimicrobial agents were used in 3485 cases (98%). The first 3 kinds of antimicrobial agents most in use were cephalosporins of 3rd generation (1775/3485, 50.4%), 2nd generation (1191/3485, 34.2%) and fluoroquinolones (1120/3485, 34.1%). The average durations of antibiotic use were 7.4 d for class I (clean) wounds 7.6 d for class II (clean/contaminated) wounds and 10. 5 d for class III (contaminated) wounds. Only 30.4% of patients received antibiotics within 2 h prior operation, and 52.2% of patients did not received antibiotics until the operation was completed. There were no indications for prophylactic antibiotic use in 16.7% of cases. Combining use of antimicrobial agents were performed in 56.5% of cases, and 22.1% of them lack of reasonable indications.

CONCLUSIONSInappropriate use of perioperative prophylactic antimicrobial agents is common and must be subjected to standardization.

Adult ; Anti-Infective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; China ; Drug Utilization Review ; statistics & numerical data ; Hospitals, General ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Perioperative Care ; methods

The importance and feasibility was analyzed of the teaching BBS for aiding classroom teaching based on campus network. The design, technique, content, advantages and deficiencies were presented of agricultural microbiology teaching BBS. The prospect also was discussed of teaching BBS based on campus network in this paper.

OBJECTIVETo compare the nutritional status between pancreaticojejunostomy(PJ) and pancreaticogastrostomy(PG) following pancreaticoduodenectomy.

METHODSA retrospective clinical analysis was performed on 37 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD) for duodenal carcinoma and pancreatic non-epithelial tumor with PG(n=19) and PJ(n=18) in the First Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from April 2006 to December 2010. All the patients had a needle catheter jejunostomy inserted at the conclusion of laparotomy. Postoperative early enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition was performed for all the patients. Nutritional status of two groups was compared in body mass index (BMI), serum nutritional parameters such as albumin, transferrin and prealbumin before surgery and on 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences between PG and PJ groups in operative time, blood loss, pancreatic fistula, perioperative death, or postoperative length of hospital stay. One month after surgery, there were no significant differences in BMI [(17.1±7.0) vs. (19.0±4.8) kg/m(2), P>0.05], albumin [(30.1±0.5) vs. (32.1±1.3) g/L, P>0.05], transferrin [(1.89±0.57) vs. (2.01±0.61) g/L, P>0.05] and prealbumin[(0.18±0.05) vs. (0.18±0.09) g/L, P>0.05]. These parameters were decreased at 1 month after surgery, and gradually recovered to baseline or higher than the preoperative levels at 6 months after surgery. However, the differences were still not statistically significant between two groups.

CONCLUSIONSThe influence of PJ and PG on the postoperative nutritional status are comparable.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Gastrostomy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutritional Status ; Pancreas ; surgery ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Pancreaticojejunostomy ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies