OBJECTIVE: To learn from thestrategies for containment of antimicrobial resistance by WHO and some countries around the world, and provide reference for the development of management policies on antimicrobial agents in our country. METHODS: Strategies for containment of antimicrobial resistance published by WHO and Some Countries Around the World were retrieved and analyzed. RESULTS: WHO and some countries around the world had published policies to contain antimicrobial resistance. 'WHO Global Strategy for Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance' has been developed and a six-point policy package hasbeen launched by WHO; 'National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS)' has been established in the United States; an action plan against antimicrobial resistance has been developed by the European Commission; 'The Swedish Strategic Program against Antibiotic Resistance (STRAMA)' has been set up in Sweden; 'Joint Expert Technical Advisory Committee on Antibiotic Resistance (JETACAR)' has been established in Australia; 'Japanese Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (JVARM)' has been established in Japan; theantibiotic centers haveformedthe basic executive units of the National Antibiotic Program in Czech; SENTRY monitoring network reportsare published regularly in Brazil. CONCLUSION: The strategy of establishing and improving Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Network in China is consistent with those by WHO and other countries around the world, but further improvements should be made.

OBJECTIVE: To learn from innovative strategies for pharmacy education in pharmacy practice at home and abroad, and provide references for the improvement pharmacy education management in China. METHODS: Innovative strategies for pharmacy education were retrieved and analyzed. RESULTS: For the processes pharmacy education, analytic reasoning skills, intra-lecture assessment and adaptive teaching were used. For curriculum, differences among countries were compared and innovation aspects were pointed out. For information technology, online global pharmacy education community, virtual pharmacy and educational virtual resource were explored. For the impact pharmacy education innovation on clinical practice, influence on health related quality life in HIV/AIDS patients and an inter-disciplinary collaborative learning were introduced. CONCLUSION: More research on the reform pharmacy education is warranted to better pharmacists' role in the clinical practice.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of oxcarba-zepine and carbamazepine for primary trigeminal neuralgia management.Methods Cochrane library, PubMed, Medline, CBMdisc, CNKI and Wanfang Data were searched to collect the randomized controlled studies that compared the efficacy and safety of oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine in treating primary trigeminal neuralgia.Reference list of each primary study was hand -searched.Two reviewers independently screened the literatures, extracted data, assessed risks of bias and then did cross -checking.RevMan 5.2 software was used for Meta -analysis.Results Eighteen studies ( 1465 participants ) were included.Results of Meta -analysis showed that oxcarbazepine was more effective than carbama-zepine [RR=1.09,95%CI (1.02,1.16), P<0.05].Comparisons of VAS before and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment were not significantly different between two groups , while comparisons of VAS before and after the 8weeks of treatment favored oxcarbazepine.Oxcarbazepine was asso-ciated with a lower incidence of adverse drug reaction than carbamazepine [RR=0.50,95%CI(0.39,0.63),P<0.001].The influence of repor-ting bias is small.Conclusion Compared with carbamazepine , oxcarba-zepine is not inferior in efficacy but superior in safety in treating primary trigeminal neuralgia.

Objective To systematically review the efficacy of cinepazide maleate injection in the treatment of the acute Cerebral Ischemic Stroke.Methods We searched the PubMed,EmBase,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Clinical Trials,CNKI,Wanfang Database,VIP and Chinese Bio-Medicine Database from established to Sept.2016.We used RevMan 5.3 software to perform Meta-analysis of National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score improvement and response rate.The intervention measures of the treatment group were cinepazide maleate injection with basic treatment while which of the control group are basic treatment with placebo,with western medicine injections or with traditional Chinese medicine injections.Results Twenty randomized controlled trials involving 2237 patients were included.The results of meta-analyses:The NIHSS score of treatment group decreased 2.73 more than the control group.The response rate of the treatment group was 1.22 times higher than that of control group.The differences were statistically significant (all P ＜0.01).Conclusion Cinepazide maleate injection has good efficacy which could decrease the NIHSS score and response rate.

Objective To construct BRCC3(BRCA1/BRCA2-containing complex subunit 3)gene knockout mice and preliminarily study the phenotypes.Methods Using the Cas9/sgRNA-Mediated genome Editing, the BRCC3 knockout mouse models were constructed.Genomic DNAs of mouse tail tissues were extracted and identified, the genotypes of mice were determined at the DNA level,and RNAs and proteins of tissues, such as the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney of mice were extracted and the expression of BRCC3 gene was detected by real-time-PCR and Western blotting(WB).The trend of relative body mass change and indexes that might affect the growth development and metabolism were observed. Major organs were hematoxylin-eosin(HE)stained and observed.The routine blood test of peripheral blood of mice was conducted.Results The mouse model of BRCC3 knockout was successfully constructed.BRCC3 knockout mouse survived and were fertile, indexes of blood lipid and liver function were normal, organs were not degenerative and indexes of peripheral blood in routine blood test were all in the normal range.The relative body mass of BRCC3 knockout mice was higher than that of wild type mice,and the level of serum cholesterol was increased.Conclusion BRCC3 may be involved in relative body mass regulation and cholesterol metabolism in mice.

OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinical features of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) diagnosed during childhood, and detect mutations in KAL1 and FGFR1, acting as key clues for diagnoses.

METHODWe collected and analyzed clinical data of 21 cases (including demographic data, chief complaint, history of present illness, family history, physical examination, laboratory tests and imaging studies, etc.) diagnosed with IHH from December 2008 to February 2013. Polymerase chain reaction and gene sequencing was applied to detect mutations on KAL1 and FGFR1. Fifty healthy unrelated individuals were choosen as controls.

RESULTOf 21 patients with IHH, 19 were males and 2 females, they visited us initially from 8-17 years old, with an average of (13.58 ± 2.38) years old. Sixteen cases were KS patients (76%). One boy reported abnormal sense of smelling but having olfactory perfect picture on MRI; 2/19 male cases had no puberty when they were over 13-14 years old without abnormal external genitalia. 8/19 cases only had small penis, 8/19 had both of cryptorchidism and small penis, and the Case 2 also had hypospadias. One boy had cryptorchidism combined with a normal penis. Only 2 girls diagnosed as IHH who visited us because of no puberty signs when they were 13 and 16 years old, respectively. Other clinical manifestations included: one with gynecomastia, 2 had mental retardation, and one was deaf; one with high palatal arch; one with mirror-movement and one with left renal agenesis but normal renal function respectively. Laboratory tests showed that the basic testosterone (T) is low and with inappropriately low or normal gonadotropin hormones. The results of cases of standard human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) test of 7 cases out of 19 male children's were normal (testosterone>1 100 ng/L), and another nine cases continued to complete the extended HCG test, and the testosterone levels of two of them (cases 6, 8) were still lower than 1 000 ng/L. Family history: the parents in 9/21 family had delayed puberty, involving only one parent in 6 families, involving both in 2 families and the other one was an uncle having micropenis with a child. Among these 21 cases, only one boy's father had hyposmia and his first emission age was 14-15 years. Eleven patients accompanied abnormal sense of smelling and the olfactory organ abnormalities on MRI, 4 had olfactory organ abnormalities on MRI while they had good smelling function self-reportedly. We got 15 samples (12 KS and 3 nIHH cases) to screen the mutation of KAL1 (14 exons) and FGFR1 (18 exons). A splicing mutation c.1062+1G>A in KAL1 is identified in case 17 with IHH. One novel heterozygous FGFR1 mutation, a single base deletion mutation on the exon 1 c.27delC is identified in case 14. This mutation causes the premature termination codons.

CONCLUSIONThis pilot research showed that IHH/KS diagnosis in children depends on clinical manifestation rather than gene analysis. Small penis or cryptorchidism, smelling abnormality and positive familial history may contribute to the KS/HH diagnosis. MRI of olfactory bulb acts as important proof for diagnosis of KS. Mutations in KAL1 and FGFR1 gene are not main causes of Kallmann syndrome.

Adolescent ; Child ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exons ; genetics ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Kallmann Syndrome ; genetics ; Male ; Mutation ; genetics ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; genetics ; Olfaction Disorders ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1 ; genetics ; Sexual Maturation

BACKGROUNDCan single-agent maintenance therapy be considered as an ideal strategy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment to achieve prolonged survival and tolerated toxicity? A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to elucidate this issue.

METHODSThe electronic databases were searched for RCTs comparing single-agent maintenance therapy with placebo, best support care or observation. The required data for estimation of response, survival and toxicity were extracted from the publications and the combined data were calculated.

RESULTSEleven RCTs involving 3686 patients were identified. We found a statistically significant higher probability of tumor response for patients with maintenance therapy versus control patients (OR: 2.80, 95%CI: 2.15 - 3.64). Patients receiving maintenance therapy had significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) (HR: 0.67, 95%CI: 0.62 - 0.71) and overall survival (OS) (HR: 0.84, 95%CI: 0.78 - 0.90). However, maintenance therapy was associated with more severe toxicities (OR: 6.45, 95%CI: 4.61 - 9.01).

CONCLUSIONIn patients with advanced NSCLC, the use of single-agent maintenance therapy is associated with higher response rate and significantly prolongs PFS and OS despite of the risk of additional toxicity.

Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; mortality ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; mortality ; Publication Bias

Objective:To explore the therapeutic efficacy and prognostic factors of induction therapy for secondary central nervous system lymphoma(SCNSL).Methods:Clinical data of patients diagnosed with SCNSL from 2010 to 2021 at Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital were retrospectively collected.A retrospective cohort study was performed on all and grouped patients to analyze the efficacy and survival.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the adverse prognostic factors.Results:Thirty-seven diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients with secondary central involvement were included in the research.Their 2-year overall survival(OS)rate was 46.01％and median survival time was 18.1 months.The 2-year OS rates of HD-MTX group and TMZ group were 34.3％and 61％,median survival time were 8.7 and 38.3 months,and median progression-free survival time were 8.1 and 47 months,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age,sex,IPI,Ann Arbor stage were correlated with patient survival time.The median survival time of patients with CD79B,KMT2D,CXCR4.ERBB2,TBL1XR1,BTG2,MYC,MYD88,and PIM1 mutations was 8.2 months,which was lower than the overall level.Conclusion:HD-MTX combined with TMZ as the first-line strategy may improve patient prognosis,and early application of gene sequencing is beneficial for evaluating prognosis.

Anemia, Hemolytic ; chemically induced ; diagnosis ; Ceftriaxone ; adverse effects ; Child ; Cochlear Implantation ; adverse effects ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Vestibular Aqueduct